PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-121304
The information
contained in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not
complete and may be changed. This preliminary prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to
sell these securities, and we are not soliciting offers to buy
these securities, in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 29,
2005
Preliminary Prospectus Supplement
(to prospectus dated January 6, 2005)
9,000,000 Shares
American Home Mortgage
Investment Corp.
Common Stock
$ per
share
We are selling 9,000,000 shares of our common stock, par
value $0.01 per share, pursuant to this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We will receive all
of the net proceeds from the sale of these shares of common
stock. We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up
to 1,350,000 additional shares of our common stock from us
within 30 days following the date of this prospectus
supplement to cover over-allotments, if any.
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol AHM. The last reported sale price of our
common stock on July 28, 2005 was $39.09 per share.
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Risk
Factors beginning on page S-6 of this prospectus
supplement and page 7 of the accompanying prospectus to
read about the risks you should consider before buying shares of
our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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Public offering price
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Underwriting discounts and commissions
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us
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The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to the purchasers
on or about August , 2005.
Sole Book-Runner
Citigroup
Lehman Brothers
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Stifel, Nicolaus & Company |
The date of this prospectus supplement is
August , 2005.
The information contained in this prospectus supplement is
not complete and may be changed. You should rely only on the
information contained in or incorporated by reference into this
prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have
not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person
to provide you with additional or different information. If
anyone provides you with additional, different or inconsistent
information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the
underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities
in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
The information in this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus is current only as of the date such
information is presented. Our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects may have changed since such
dates.
The information in this prospectus supplement updates
information in the accompanying prospectus and, to the extent it
is inconsistent with the information in the accompanying
prospectus, replaces such information.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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S-1 |
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S-6 |
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S-9 |
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S-9 |
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S-10 |
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S-11 |
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S-13 |
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S-13 |
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This document contains two parts. The first part is this
prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of
this common stock offering and certain other matters relating to
us. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, gives more
general information about securities we may offer from time to
time, some of which does not apply to our common stock. You
should read this entire prospectus supplement, as well as the
accompanying prospectus, and the documents incorporated by
reference that are described under Where You Can Find More
Information in each of this prospectus supplement and the
accompanying prospectus.
To the extent any inconsistency or conflict exists between the
information included in this prospectus supplement and the
information included in the accompanying prospectus, the
information included or incorporated by reference in this
prospectus supplement updates and supersedes the information in
the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement
incorporates by reference important business and financial
information about us that is not included in or delivered with
this prospectus supplement.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, or SEC. You may read and copy any of these
filed documents at the SECs public reference room located
at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on
the SECs public reference room. Our SEC filings are also
available to the public from the SECs website at
http://www.sec.gov. Copies of these reports, proxy statements
and other information can also be inspected at the offices of
the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New
York 10005.
Our website is http://www.americanhm.com. We make available free
of charge on our website, via a link to a third party website,
our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy
statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of
directors and executive officers and any amendments to such
reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon
as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically
filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Unless specifically
incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus, information contained on our website is
not, and should not be interpreted to be, part of this
prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement
and does not contain all of the information included in the
registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this
prospectus supplement to any contract or other document of ours,
you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the
registration statement or the prospectus supplement for a copy
of the referenced contract or document. Statements contained in
this prospectus supplement concerning the provisions of any
documents are necessarily summaries of those documents, and each
statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the copy
of the document filed with the SEC.
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference into
this prospectus supplement information that we file with the SEC
in other documents. This means that we can disclose important
information to you by referring you to other documents filed
separately with the SEC. The information that we incorporate by
reference is considered to be part of this prospectus
supplement, and information that we file later with the SEC will
automatically update and supersede the information contained in
this prospectus supplement.
In addition to the documents listed under Where You Can
Find More Information in the accompanying prospectus, the
following documents filed with the SEC pursuant to
Section 13 of the Exchange Act (File No. 001-31916)
are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement:
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Our reports on Form 10-Q/ A for the quarterly periods ended
March 31, 2004, June 30, 2004 and September 30,
2004, each filed with the SEC on April 29, 2005; |
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Our report on Form 10-K/ A for the year ended
December 31, 2004, filed with the SEC on April 22,
2005 (including those portions incorporated by reference therein
to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed
with the SEC on May 2, 2005); |
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Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly
periods ended March 31, 2005 and June 30, 2005, filed
with the SEC on May 6, 2005 and July 29, 2005,
respectively; and |
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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K dated April 12, 2005
(Item 4.02(a) only), May 13, 2005 and June 6,
2005. |
All documents that we will file with the SEC under the
provisions of Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement and
prior to the termination of any offering of securities under
this prospectus supplement shall be deemed to be incorporated by
reference and to be a part of this prospectus supplement from
the date such documents are filed, provided, however, that we
are not incorporating by reference any information furnished
under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on
Form 8-K.
We will provide to you, without charge, a copy of any or all
documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus
supplement except the exhibits to those documents (unless they
are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents).
You may request copies in writing or by telephoning us at:
American Home Mortgage Investment Corp., 538 Broadhollow Road,
Melville, New York 11747, Attention: Investor Relations
Director, Telephone (631) 622-6469.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus
contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of
the federal securities laws. These statements may be made
directly in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying
prospectus, or may be made a part of this prospectus supplement
or the accompanying prospectus by reference to other documents
we file with the SEC which is known as incorporation by
reference.
Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the
use of forward-looking words. When used in our documents or in
any oral presentation, statements which are not historical in
nature, including the words anticipate,
may, estimate, should,
seek, expect, plan,
believe, intend, look
forward, will, opportunity,
potential and similar words, or the negatives of
those words, are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. They also include statements containing a projection
of revenues, earnings (loss), capital expenditures, dividends,
capital structure or other financial terms. Certain statements
regarding the following particularly are forward-looking in
nature:
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our business strategy; |
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future performance, developments, market forecasts or projected
dividends; |
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projected acquisitions or joint ventures; and |
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projected capital expenditures. |
It is important to note that the description of our business in
general, and our securitized loan portfolio holdings in
particular, is a statement about our operations today. It is not
meant to be construed as an investment policy, and the types of
assets we hold, the amount of leverage we use, the liabilities
we incur and other characteristics of our assets and liabilities
are subject to reevaluation and change without notice.
The forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement and
the accompanying prospectus are based on our managements
beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future economic
performance, taking into account the information currently
available to it. These statements are not statements of
historical fact. Forward-looking statements are subject to a
number of factors, risks and uncertainties, some of which are
not currently known to us, that may cause our actual results,
performance or financial condition to be materially different
from the expectations of future results, performance or
financial position. These factors include, without limitation:
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the ability of our management to change or modify our portfolio
strategy without advance notice to stockholders which may cause
us to suffer losses; |
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our need for a significant amount of cash to operate our
business; |
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risks associated with the use of leverage; |
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failure to maintain our status as a real estate investment
trust, or REIT; |
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changes in federal and state tax laws affecting REITs; |
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repayment speeds negatively affecting the yields and/or value of
the assets we own; |
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credit losses negatively affecting the yields and/or value of
the assets we own; |
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changes in federal and state regulation of mortgage banking; |
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disruptions in the market for repurchase facilities; |
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failure to match the interest rates on our borrowings with the
interest rates on the securitized mortgage loans we hold; |
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the overall environment for interest rates and their subsequent
effect on our business; |
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dividends declared by us that are not as high as expected; |
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risks associated with equity investments and the general
volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our
common stock; |
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competition for business and personnel; |
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our ability to identify and complete acquisitions and
successfully integrate the businesses we acquire; |
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general economic, political, market, financial or legal
conditions; and |
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the other factors referenced in this prospectus supplement and
the accompanying prospectus, including, without limitation,
under the Risk Factors sections in this prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus and under
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our
Status as a REIT in the accompanying prospectus. |
In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the
forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus supplement
and the accompanying prospectus might not occur, and we qualify
any and all of our forward-looking statements entirely by these
cautionary factors. You are cautioned not to place undue
reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of
the date of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying
prospectus or as of the date of any document incorporated by
reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus, as applicable. Such forward-looking statements are
inherently uncertain, and you must recognize that actual results
may differ from expectations. We are not under any obligation,
and we expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any
forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new
information, future events or otherwise.
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SUMMARY
The following is a summary of selected information contained
elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying
prospectus or incorporated by reference into the accompanying
prospectus. Before making an investment decision, you should
read this summary together with the more detailed information
set forth in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying
prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference,
including the Risk Factors sections beginning on
page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and page 7 of
the accompanying prospectus, the section entitled Certain
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT beginning on page 46 of the accompanying
prospectus, and the consolidated financial statements and the
notes to these consolidated financial statements appearing in
the documents incorporated by reference. Unless otherwise
indicated, this prospectus supplement does not reflect the
exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option.
In this prospectus supplement, unless the context indicates
otherwise, references to the Company,
we, our and us refer to the
activities and the assets and liabilities of the business and
operations of American Home Mortgage Investment Corp. and our
subsidiaries, including American Home Mortgage Holdings, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (which is sometimes referred to in this
prospectus supplement as AHM Holdings), American Home Mortgage
Corp., a New York corporation, American Home Mortgage Servicing,
Inc., a Maryland corporation (which is sometimes referred to in
this prospectus supplement as AHM Servicing), and American Home
Mortgage Acceptance, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
Our Company
Overview
We are principally in the business of investing in a leveraged
portfolio of securitized residential mortgage loans that we
originate and service. We also invest in securitized mortgage
loans originated by others. Most of our portfolio consists of
securitized adjustable-rate mortgage loans, or ARM loans, that
are of prime quality. Our aim is to earn interest income, net of
interest expense, sufficient to meet our obligations and
distribute dividends to our stockholders. An important element
of our business strategy is self-originating many of the
securitized loans in which we invest, so as to acquire those
loans at a lower cost than would be required to purchase similar
loans in the capital markets. If we can invest in securitized
loans produced at a low cost, we expect that our net interest
income from those loans will be enhanced. In addition to
investing in securitized mortgage loans, we also are in the
businesses of originating and selling mortgage loans to
institutional investors for a profit, as well as servicing
mortgage loans owned by others.
We are organized and operate as a real estate investment trust,
or REIT, for federal income tax purposes, and our corporate
structure includes both qualified and taxable REIT subsidiaries.
We conduct most of our investment activities, including loan
origination for our own portfolio, directly or through our
qualified REIT subsidiaries. We conduct our businesses of
originating loans for sale and servicing mortgages, as well as
ancillary businesses such as mortgage reinsurance, in our
taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, our taxable REIT
subsidiaries operate our retail and mortgage broker acceptance
branches where we accept mortgage applications from consumers.
The net interest income we earn from our investment activities
generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the
extent we dividend such income to our stockholders. By contrast,
income that we earn on activities we conduct in our taxable REIT
subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state corporate
income tax. We may retain any after-tax income generated by our
taxable REIT subsidiaries, and, as a result, may increase our
consolidated equity capital and thereby grow our business
through retained earnings. We may, however, dividend all or a
portion of our after-tax taxable REIT subsidiary earnings to our
stockholders, subject to REIT qualification limitations. See
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our
Status as a REIT beginning on page 46 of the
accompanying prospectus.
S-1
Managing Our Investments in Securitized Mortgage
Loans
Our primary investment strategy is to realize the enhanced net
interest income we expect from our investment in self-originated
securitized loans, as a result of the lower asset acquisition
cost we incur in self-origination. We otherwise seek to mitigate
risks associated with holding a leveraged portfolio of
securitized mortgage loans. A key risk mitigation practice we
attempt to employ is approximately matching the duration of our
securitized mortgage loans with the duration of the liabilities
we incur to finance those loans. Toward this end, we issue
collateralized debt obligations with payment requirements that
wholly or partially mirror the receipts from our loans. We also
use swaps to extend repurchase and other short-term borrowings.
Another risk mitigation strategy we employ is to primarily hold
securitized loans where the security is rated AAA by
Standard & Poors and Aaa by Moodys.
Additional risk mitigation strategies we employ include using
cash flow matching to limit our exposure to changes in the slope
of the yield curve and limiting the extension and repayment risk
of our holdings by investing primarily in adjustable and hybrid
adjustable securitized loans.
We attempt to actively manage our portfolio of securitized
mortgage loans and measure the likely impact of changing
interest rates, prepayment speeds, delinquencies and other
factors on the income the portfolio will produce and on the
portfolios value. Still, we cannot assure you that our
risk mitigation or portfolio management practices will preserve
the income or value of our securitized mortgage loans. See
Risk Factors beginning on page S-6 of this
prospectus supplement and on page 7 of the accompanying
prospectus.
On June 30, 2005, our investments in securitized loans
totaled $6.9 billion. Of our investments, 90.5% were either
agency obligations or rated AAA by Standard &
Poors, while 5.9% were rated AA to BBB, and 3.6% were
rated BB and below, or were unrated. On June 30, 2005,
69.2% of our investments were securitized loans with interest
rates initially set for five years, while 8.7% had interest
rates initially set for three years, and 22.1% had interest
rates initially set for less than three years. Finally, on
June 30, 2005, the difference between the duration of our
portfolio of securitized mortgage loans and the duration of
their liabilities and associated hedges was 0.08 years.
Loan Origination Business
Our loan origination business originates the securitized loans
in which we invest. It also originates additional loans that we
sell, typically at a gain. We are one of the nations
larger home mortgage lenders. We estimate that based on current
market data during the second quarter of 2005, our origination
volume ranked 17th among all United States lenders, with a
national market share of 1.58%. During the first half of 2005,
we originated approximately $18 billion of home loans. Our
originations are sourced through our own sales force of
approximately 2,334 loan officers and account executives, as
well as through mortgage brokers. During the second quarter of
2005, approximately 50% of our originations are through our own
sales force, while approximately 50% are through mortgage
brokers. We operate over 500 branches in 45 states in
support of our origination effort.
Our origination business seeks to utilize a combination of
skilled loan officers, advanced technology, a broad product line
and a high level of customer service to successfully compete in
the marketplace. We offer a broad array of mortgage products and
primarily make loans to borrowers with good credit profiles. The
weighted-average FICO score for our $18 billion of total
originations in the first half of 2005 was 716. A FICO score
condenses a borrowers credit history into a single number,
generally ranging from 340 to 820. Borrowers with a FICO score
of over 700 are typically considered high-quality borrowers.
Virtually all of the loans we make are secured by one-to
four-family dwellings.
Our loan origination business has rapidly grown in market share
and scale since we became a public company in 1999. We believe
our growth has made our mortgage banking operation more
profitable and more effective at serving our customers.
Specifically, growth in originations has lowered the per-loan
cost of our centralized support operations and, consequently,
our overall per-loan cost of origination. Our growth has also
given us a relatively large presence in the secondary mortgage
market, and, as a result, has improved our ability to execute
loan sales to third-party purchasers.
S-2
We have grown our mortgage banking operation through the
acquisition of smaller mortgage originators and through organic
growth. We have completed ten such acquisitions since December
of 1999. In each acquisition, we have generally retained and
grown the acquired companys loan production offices while
substantially eliminating its centralized support operations and
associated costs. These acquisitions have significantly
increased our origination capability. Our strategy is to
continue to opportunistically seek acquisitions to grow our loan
origination business.
Loan Servicing Business
Our servicing business services the self-originated securitized
loans in which we invest. We also service a portion of the loans
we sell to third-party purchasers such as Fannie Mae and Ginnie
Mae. We have been rated a Select Servicer by
Standard & Poors.
Our servicing business enables us to retain an ongoing business
relationship with our borrowers, which we believe makes it more
likely that we will earn those borrowers business when
they need a new loan or wish to refinance an existing loan. Our
servicing business collects mortgage payments, administers tax
and insurance escrows, responds to borrower inquiries and
enables us to maintain control over our collection and default
mitigation processes and better manage the credit performance of
borrowers. Our loan servicing business also provides us with a
countercyclical source of revenue and a stable cash flow, as net
income from servicing activities generally tends to increase
during periods of rising interest rates when revenue from
originations generally tends to diminish.
As of June 30, 2005, AHM Servicing serviced approximately
137,000 loans with an aggregate principal amount of
approximately $24.7 billion. The average annual servicing
fee on our servicing portfolio as of June 30, 2005 was
0.336% of the principal amount of each loan we service. We
expect our servicing business to grow as we increase our
portfolio of self-originated securitized mortgage loans.
Recent Developments
Changes to Asset Retention Strategy
On July 19, 2005, we announced a change in our asset
retention strategy. Historically, our originations have included
approximately 50% adjustable-rate loans and 50% fixed-rate
loans. To build our investment portfolio of securitized mortgage
loans, we have been retaining interests in most of the
adjustable-rate loans we have originated. Going forward, we plan
to be more selective about the types of loans we retain, and
plan to concentrate on those loans which we believe offer the
best risk-to-return profile. By concentrating on such loans, we
believe we have an ongoing opportunity to continue to increase
the net interest income from our portfolio by substituting more
selectively chosen securitized loans for the broader spectrum of
securitized loans we currently hold. As a result of this change
in strategy, we expect, going forward, to retain approximately
20% to 30% of our total new loan production, compared to our
current practice of retaining securitized interests in
approximately 45% to 55% of our total production. As we become
more selective in the assets we retain, we will continue to
focus on retaining loans with high credit quality and limited
exposure to loan duration volatility resulting from changes in
interest rates (i.e., convexity risk).
Changes to Securitization Structuring and Consequent
Changes to Securitization Accounting
On July 19, 2005, we also announced that we will generally
change the way we structure our securitizations so that the
securitizations will be accounted for as financings rather than
sales under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 140, or SFAS 140. We expect this change in
securitization structuring, over time, to increase our ongoing
net interest income, while reducing the potential for earnings
volatility due to valuation adjustments. As a result of the
change, income from self-originated securitized loans will only
be recognized as payments become due on the loans, and
securitized loans will initially be carried at their cost rather
than at market value. We also expect this change to reduce
quarterly income over the near-term, since we will no longer
recognize a current-period gain on the
S-3
loans we securitize, but we will still recognize current period
non-direct origination costs associated with the loans. An
additional impact of this change is that securitized loans,
going forward, will be carried as balance sheet assets, while
sold securities will be carried as balance sheet liabilities.
The change will not apply to those securitizations where we sell
all of the resulting securities, as these securitizations will
continue to generally be structured so that they are accounted
for as sales under SFAS 140. Since we became a REIT, our
securitizations have been structured as financings for tax
purposes.
General Information
Our executive offices are located at 538 Broadhollow Road,
Melville, New York 11747, and our telephone number is
(516) 949-3900. Our website is http://www.americanhm.com.
Unless specifically incorporated by reference into this
prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus,
information contained on our website is not, and should not be
interpreted to be, part of this prospectus supplement or the
accompanying prospectus.
S-4
The Offering
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Common stock offered |
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9,000,000 shares(1) |
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Common stock outstanding after this offering |
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49,565,425 shares(2) |
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New York Stock Exchange symbol |
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AHM |
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Use of proceeds |
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We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering, which are
estimated to be
$ ,
to invest in self-originated securitized mortgage loans on a
leveraged basis and for general corporate purposes. Until we can
fully utilize the net proceeds for such purposes, we intend to
use the net proceeds to purchase securitized mortgage loans in
the capital markets. Net proceeds are what we expect to receive
after paying underwriting discounts and estimated offering
expenses, at the estimated offering price of $39.09 per share,
which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on
the New York Stock Exchange on July 28, 2005. See Use
of Proceeds in this prospectus supplement for more
information. |
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Risk factors |
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Investing in our common stock involves a number of risks, which
are described under Risk Factors beginning on
page S-6 of this prospectus supplement and page 7 of
the accompanying prospectus. |
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(1) |
10,350,000 shares if the underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full. |
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50,915,425 shares if the underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full. Based upon 40,565,425 shares
of our common stock outstanding as of July 27, 2005.
Excludes 1,525,321 shares of common stock that are reserved
for issuance upon exercise of outstanding options granted under
our 1999 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as of June 30, 2005. |
S-5
RISK FACTORS
The common stock offered by this prospectus supplement is
subject to substantial risks, some of which are described below
and under Risk Factors and Certain
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT in the accompanying prospectus. The risk factors
listed below are in addition to the risk factors described in
the accompanying prospectus, and you should carefully read this
section and the Risk Factors and Certain
U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a
REIT sections of the accompanying prospectus before
purchasing shares of common stock in this offering. Our
business, financial condition or results of operations could be
harmed by any of these risks. Similarly, these risks could cause
the market price of our common stock to decline and you might
lose all or part of your investment. Our forward-looking
statements in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus are subject to the following risks and uncertainties.
The risks described below are not the only ones facing us, and
additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently
deem immaterial might also impair our business operations.
Our business requires a significant amount of cash, and if it
is not available, our business and financial performance will be
significantly harmed.
We require substantial cash to fund our loan originations, to
pay our loan origination expenses, to hold our loans pending
securitization or sale and to fund our portfolio of securitized
mortgage loans. We also need cash to meet our working capital,
REIT dividend distribution requirements and other needs. Cash
could be required to meet margin calls under the terms of our
borrowings in the event that there is a decline in the market
value of the assets that collateralize our debt, the terms of
our debt become less attractive or for other reasons.
In addition, if our income as calculated for federal income tax
purposes exceeds our cash flow from operations, we could be
forced to borrow or raise capital on unfavorable terms in order
to make the distributions to avoid federal income tax and
maintain our REIT status.
We expect that our primary sources of cash will consist of:
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sales of collateralized debt obligations, borrowings under
repurchase facilities, commercial paper issuance, borrowings
under warehouse lines of credit, and borrowings against our
mortgage servicing assets; |
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the net interest income we earn on our securitized mortgage loan
portfolios; |
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the income we earn from originating and selling mortgage
loans; and |
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the income we earn from servicing mortgage loans. |
Our business is dependent on our ability to finance our
portfolio of mortgage assets and our new loan originations.
We finance a large portion of our portfolio of mortgage assets
through uncommitted, short-term repurchase agreement borrowings.
If these borrowings are not renewed upon their maturity, we
could be forced to liquidate our holdings on unfavorable terms,
which could result in large losses of our equity and sharply
reduce income or cause losses from our portfolio assets.
Non-renewal may be unrelated to our performance and may be due
to general market conditions or factors specific to the
providers of our repurchase borrowings. In addition, our
repurchase borrowings are collateralized by the value of our
portfolio of mortgage assets. If the value of the assets falls,
we could face margin calls that we are unable to meet, in which
case our assets would be liquidated on unfavorable terms. In
such event we would likely experience large losses of our equity
and sharply reduced income or losses from our portfolio assets.
We finance the loans we originate through the issuance of
commercial paper and through borrowings under warehouse lines of
credit and whole loan repurchase agreements. These funding
sources are typically repaid upon our selling or securitizing
the financed loan. All of our funding sources may be cancelled by
S-6
our lenders or the counterparties which support our commercial
paper issuance. In addition, certain of the facilities are
uncommitted, and many of the facilities require annual renewals.
We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to extend
these facilities on favorable terms, or at all. If we are not
able to renew any of these credit facilities or arrange for new
financing on terms acceptable to us, or if we default on our
covenants or are otherwise unable to access funds under any of
these facilities, we may not be able to originate new loans or
continue to fund our operations, which would have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity
and results of operations. In addition, it is possible that our
warehouse lenders could experience changes in their ability to
advance funds to us, independent of our performance or the
performance of our loans.
An important part of our business model includes securitizing
mortgage loans, and changes in securitization requirements may
adversely affect our business.
In connection with those loans we securitize other than through
guaranteed performance swaps and similar transactions with
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home
Loan Banks, we plan to provide credit enhancement for a
portion of the securities that we sell, called senior
securities, to improve the price at which we sell them.
Our current expectation is that this credit enhancement for the
senior securities will be provided primarily by designating
another portion of the securities we issue as subordinate
securities (on which the credit risk from the loans is
concentrated), paying for financial guaranty insurance policies
for the loans underlying the securities, or both. If we use
financial guaranty insurance policies, and the expense of these
insurance policies increases, the net interest income we receive
will be reduced. While we plan to use credit enhancement
features in the future, we cannot assure you that these features
will be available at costs that would allow us to achieve the
desired level of net interest income from the securitizations
that we anticipate being able to achieve.
Our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our
operations and financial condition.
We have a significant amount of indebtedness, which causes us to
be highly leveraged. We generally borrow a substantial portion
of the funds required to invest in our portfolio of mortgage
assets as well as to originate new loan production. Our level of
indebtedness could have important consequences. For example, it
may:
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limit our ability to obtain additional financing to fund growth,
working capital, capital expenditures, debt service
requirements, or other cash requirements; |
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limit our operational flexibility in planning for and reacting
to changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; |
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limit our ability to invest operating cash flows in our business
due to debt service requirements; |
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place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors
that are not as highly leveraged and that may be better
positioned to withstand economic downturns; |
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increase our vulnerability to economic downturns and changing
market conditions; |
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make it more difficult for us to meet our debt service
requirements if we experience a substantial decrease in our
revenues or an increase in our expenses or a decline in the
market value of the mortgage loans securing our
borrowings; and |
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increase our vulnerability to fluctuations in market interest
rates, to the extent that our debt is subject to floating
interest rates. |
In addition, if we do not have enough money to pay our debt
service obligations, we may be required to refinance all or part
of our existing debt, sell assets, borrow more funds or raise
equity. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance
any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at
all.
S-7
A material difference between the assumptions used in the
determination of the value of our residual interests and our
actual experience could harm our financial position.
As of June 30, 2005, the value on our balance sheet of our
residual interests from securitization transactions was
$333.8 million. The value of these residuals is a function
of the delinquency, loss, prepayment speed and discount rate
assumptions we use. It is extremely difficult to validate the
assumptions we use in valuing our residual interests. In the
future, if our actual experience differs materially from these
assumptions, our cash flow, financial condition, results of
operations and business prospects could be harmed.
We depend upon distributions from our operating subsidiaries
to fund our operations and may be subordinate to the rights of
their existing and future creditors.
We conduct a material part of our operations through our
subsidiaries. Without independent means of generating operating
revenue, we depend on distributions and other payments from the
subsidiaries to make distributions to our stockholders. Our
subsidiaries must first satisfy their cash needs, which may
include salaries, including salaries of our executive officers,
and other operating expenses and service of indebtedness that
may be outstanding at various times before making distributions.
Financial covenants under future credit agreements, or
provisions of the laws of Maryland, where we and our qualified
REIT subsidiaries are organized, or of Delaware or New York,
where our other operating subsidiaries are organized, may limit
our subsidiaries ability to make sufficient dividend,
distribution or other payments to permit us to make
distributions to stockholders. By virtue of our holding company
status, our 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred
Stock, or Series A Preferred Stock, and 9.25% Series B
Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, or Series B
Preferred Stock, is structurally junior in right of payment to
all existing and future liabilities of our subsidiaries.
Moreover, our common stock is structurally junior in right of
payment not only to all existing and future liabilities of our
subsidiaries, but also to our Series A Preferred Stock,
Series B Preferred Stock and any additional series of
preferred stock which may be issued in the future. The inability
of our operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us could
have a material adverse effect on our results of operations,
financial condition and business, and our ability to pay
dividends.
The loss of key purchasers of our loans or a reduction in
prices paid could harm our financial condition.
In 2004, 70% of the loans that we sold were to three large
national financial institutions, two of which compete with us
directly for retail originations. If these financial
institutions or any other significant purchaser of our loans
cease to buy our loans and equivalent purchasers cannot be found
on a timely basis, then our business and results of operations
could be harmed. Our results of operations could also be harmed
if these financial institutions or other purchasers lower the
price they pay to us or adversely change the material terms of
their loan purchases from us. The prices at which we sell our
loans vary over time. A number of factors determine the price we
receive for our loans. These factors include:
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the number of institutions that are willing to buy our loans; |
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the amount of comparable loans available for sale; |
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the levels of prepayments of, or defaults on, loans; |
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the types and volume of loans that we sell; |
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the level and volatility of interest rates; and |
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the quality of our loans. |
S-8
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our common
stock to invest in self-originated securitized mortgage loans on
a leveraged basis and for general corporate purposes. Until we
can fully utilize the net proceeds for such purposes, we intend
to use the net proceeds to purchase securitized mortgage loans
in the capital markets.
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of the
shares of common stock we are offering will be
$ .
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in
full, our aggregate net proceeds will be approximately
$ .
Net proceeds are what we expect to receive after paying
underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, at the
estimated public offering price of $39.09 per share, which
was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New
York Stock Exchange on July 28, 2005.
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDEND POLICY
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol AHM. The following table shows the high
and low sales prices of our common stock during each fiscal
quarter during the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003
and for the period from January 1, 2005 through
July 28, 2005, and the cash distributions declared during
that period per share. Prior to December 3, 2003, amounts
shown are for our predecessor company, AHM Holdings which was
listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
AHMH.
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Price Range | |
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Cash Distributions | |
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High | |
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Low | |
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Declared per Share | |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
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Third Quarter (through July 28, 2005)
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$ |
40.75 |
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$ |
31.90 |
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$ |
0.86 |
* |
Second Quarter
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36.92 |
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27.10 |
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|
0.76 |
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First Quarter
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34.28 |
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26.80 |
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0.71 |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
34.50 |
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$ |
25.50 |
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$ |
0.66 |
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Third Quarter
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29.61 |
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24.90 |
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0.61 |
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Second Quarter
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29.15 |
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21.80 |
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0.61 |
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First Quarter
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28.85 |
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21.10 |
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0.55 |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
25.27 |
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$ |
17.50 |
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$ |
0.55 |
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Third Quarter
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23.90 |
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14.88 |
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0.13 |
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Second Quarter
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21.20 |
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9.94 |
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0.13 |
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First Quarter
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10.90 |
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9.56 |
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0.10 |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
11.86 |
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$ |
8.39 |
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$ |
0.05 |
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Third Quarter
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12.90 |
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9.46 |
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0.04 |
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Second Quarter
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17.94 |
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10.90 |
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0.03 |
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First Quarter
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16.24 |
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11.77 |
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0.03 |
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* |
On July 28, 2005, we announced that our Board of Directors
declared two separate common stock dividends in lieu of one
regular dividend for the third quarter of 2005. The first
dividend of $0.43 per share is payable on October 27, 2005
to stockholders of record as of August 8, 2005. The second
dividend of $0.43 per share is payable on October 27, 2005
to stockholders of record as of October 7, 2005.
Stockholders who own our common shares through both record dates
will, accordingly, be paid $0.86 per share on October 27,
2005. Purchasers of shares offered by this prospectus supplement
will not receive the first $0.43 dividend, but are entitled to
receive the second $0.43 dividend so long as they continue to
hold such shares on October 7, 2005. |
S-9
On July 28, 2005, the last reported sale price of our
common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $39.09 per
share. As of July 27, 2005, there were 302 holders of
record (including holders who are nominees for an undetermined
number of beneficial owners) of our common stock.
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to our
stockholders. On July 19, 2005, we announced that our Board
of Directors had changed our dividend policy to increase the
quarterly dividend on our common stock to $0.86 per share,
or $3.44 per share annualized, subject to future business
conditions. In order to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes, we must distribute to our stockholders with respect to
each year at least 90% of our taxable income. Although we
generally intend to distribute to our stockholders each year an
amount equal to our taxable income for that year, distributions
paid by us will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors
and will depend on our actual cash flow, our financial
condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution
requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue
Code and other factors our Board of Directors deems relevant.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our actual capitalization at
June 30, 2005, and as adjusted to give effect to the
expected issuance of 9,000,000 shares of our common stock
offered hereby and the application of the estimated net proceeds
therefrom based upon an assumed public offering price of
$39.09 per share, the last reported sale price of our
common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on July 28,
2005.
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June 30, 2005 | |
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Actual | |
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As Adjusted(1) | |
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(in thousands) | |
Stockholders equity:
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Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share,
10,000,000 shares authorized:
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9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable, 2,150,000 shares
issued and outstanding (actual and as adjusted)
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$ |
50,857 |
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$ |
50,857 |
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9.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable, 3,450,000 shares
issued and outstanding (actual and as adjusted)
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83,183 |
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83,183 |
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per share,
100,000,000 shares authorized, 40,538,479 shares
issued and outstanding (actual) and 49,538,479 shares
issued and outstanding (as adjusted)
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405 |
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495 |
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Additional paid-in capital
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638,595 |
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973,484 |
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Retained earnings
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224,442 |
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224,442 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss
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(44,300 |
) |
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(44,300 |
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Total stockholders equity
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$ |
953,182 |
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$ |
1,288,161 |
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(1) |
After deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions
and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Assumes no
exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option to
purchase up to an additional 1,350,000 shares of common
stock. Excludes 1,525,321 shares of common stock that are
reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding options
granted under our 1999 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as of
June 30, 2005. |
S-10
UNDERWRITING
Citigroup Global Markets Inc., or Citigroup, is acting as sole
bookrunning manager of this offering, and is acting as
representative of the underwriters named below. Subject to the
terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated
the date of this prospectus, each underwriter named below has
severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to that
underwriter, the number of shares set forth opposite the
underwriters name.
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Underwriter |
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Number of Shares | |
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
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Lehman Brothers Inc.
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Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
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Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
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Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
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Flagstone Securities, LLC
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Ryan Beck & Co., Inc.
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Total
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9,000,000 |
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The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the
underwriters to purchase the shares included in this offering
are subject to approval of legal matters by counsel and to other
conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all the
shares (other than those covered by the over-allotment option
described below) if they purchase any of the shares.
The underwriters propose to offer some of the shares directly to
the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover
page of this prospectus and some of the shares to dealers at the
public offering price less a concession not to exceed
$ per
share. The underwriters may allow, and dealers may reallow, a
concession not to exceed
$ per
share on sales to other dealers. If all of the shares are not
sold at the initial offering price, the representative may
change the public offering price and the other selling terms.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for
30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to
1,350,000 additional shares of common stock at the public
offering price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters
may exercise the option solely for the purpose of covering
over-allotments, if any, in connection with this offering. To
the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter must
purchase a number of additional shares approximately
proportionate to that underwriters initial purchase
commitment.
The Company and Michael Strauss, our Chief Executive Officer and
President, have each agreed that, for a period of 90 days
from the date of this prospectus, they will not, without the
prior written consent of Citigroup, dispose of or hedge any
shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or
exchangeable for our common stock. These restrictions are
subject to exceptions related to options granted under existing
employee benefit plans and dividend reinvestment plans, as well
as certain other limited exceptions. Citigroup in its sole
discretion may release any of the securities subject to these
lock-up agreements at any time without notice.
The common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol AHM.
The following table shows the underwriting discounts and
commissions that we are to pay to the underwriters in connection
with this offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no
exercise and full exercise of the underwriters option to
purchase additional shares of common stock to cover
over-allotments.
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No Exercise | |
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Full Exercise | |
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Per share
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$ |
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$ |
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Total
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$ |
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$ |
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S-11
In connection with the offering, Citigroup, on behalf of the
underwriters, may purchase and sell shares of common stock in
the open market. These transactions may include short sales,
syndicate covering transactions and stabilizing transactions.
Short sales involve syndicate sales of common stock in excess of
the number of shares to be purchased by the underwriters in the
offering, which creates a syndicate short position.
Covered short sales are sales of shares made in an
amount up to the number of shares represented by the
underwriters over-allotment option. In determining the
source of shares to close out the covered syndicate short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things,
the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as
compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through
the over-allotment option. Transactions to close out the covered
syndicate short involve either purchases of the common stock in
the open market after the distribution has been completed or the
exercise of the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also
make naked short sales of shares in excess of the
over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked
short position by purchasing shares of common stock in the open
market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if
the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward
pressure on the price of the shares in the open market after
pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in
the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of bids for or
purchases of shares in the open market while the offering is in
progress.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. Penalty bids
permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a
syndicate member when Citigroup repurchases shares originally
sold by that syndicate member in order to cover syndicate short
positions or make stabilizing purchases.
Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or
retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock.
They may also cause the price of the common stock to be higher
than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in
the absence of these transactions. The underwriters may conduct
these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or in the
over-the-counter market, or otherwise. If the underwriters
commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue them at
any time.
We estimate that our expenses for this offering will be
$ .
Certain of the underwriters have performed investment banking
and advisory services for us from time to time, for which they
have received customary fees and expenses, and have acted as
lenders to us. The underwriters may, from time to time, engage
in transactions with and perform services for us in the ordinary
course of their business.
In March of 2004, Lehman Brothers Inc. acted as joint-lead
manager of our public offering of 14,375,000 shares of
common stock and received underwriting discounts and commissions
in connection with the offering. In July of 2004, Citigroup
acted as sole bookrunning manager of our public offerings of an
aggregate of 2,150,000 shares of our Series A
Preferred Stock and received underwriting discounts and
commissions in connection with the offerings. Certain of the
underwriters participated in the underwriting syndicate in one
or more of our offerings.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the
websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters. The
representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares to
underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders.
The representatives will allocate shares to underwriters that
may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other
allocations. In addition, shares may be sold by the underwriters
to securities dealers who resell shares to online brokerage
account holders.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments the underwriters
may be required to make because of any of those liabilities.
S-12
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft LLP, New York, New York. Certain
legal matters relating to Maryland law, including the validity
of the common stock to be offered hereby, will be passed upon
for us by Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP,
Baltimore, Maryland. Certain legal matters will be passed upon
for the underwriters by Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP.
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP and Gibson,
Dunn & Crutcher LLP may rely on Ballard Spahr
Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP, as to matters of Maryland law.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements, the related financial
statement schedules, and managements report on the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting
incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the
Companys report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended
December 31, 2004 have been audited by Deloitte &
Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as
stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by
reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the
report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in
accounting and auditing.
S-13
PROSPECTUS
American Home Mortgage Investment Corp.
$761,875,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock
By this prospectus, we intend to offer at one or more times,
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Common Stock |
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Preferred Stock |
|
Debt Securities |
|
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock, |
in one or more series, with an aggregate initial public offering
price of up to $761,875,000 (as described in the applicable
prospectus supplement). We will provide the specific terms for
each of these securities in supplements to this prospectus.
The securities may be sold directly by us to investors, through
agents designated from time to time or to or through dealers or
underwriters. See Plan of Distribution beginning on
page 24 of this prospectus. We will set forth the names of
any dealers, underwriters or agents in a prospectus supplement.
The net proceeds we expect to receive from such sales also will
be set forth in a prospectus supplement.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under
the symbol AHM.
We are incorporated in the State of Maryland. Our principal
executive offices are located at 538 Broadhollow Road, Melville,
New York 11747, and our telephone number is (516) 396-7700.
You should read this prospectus and any supplements carefully
before you invest. We strongly recommend that you read carefully
the risks we describe in this prospectus as well as any
accompanying prospectus supplements, the risk factors in our
most current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, for a fuller understanding of the risks and
uncertainties that we face. See Risk Factors
beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved of these
securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or
complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
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TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE OF OUR QUALIFICATION AS A REAL ESTATE
INVESTMENT TRUST FOR FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES, SUBJECT TO
CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS, WE PROHIBIT OWNERSHIP BY ANY PERSON OF MORE
THAN (i) 6.5% (BY VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS
MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF OUR ISSUED AND OUTSTANDING SHARES OF COMMON
STOCK OR COMMON STOCK TOGETHER WITH PREFERRED STOCK OF ANY
CLASS OR SERIES, (ii) MORE THAN 9.8% OF EITHER THE
TOTAL NUMBER OR THE VALUE OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTSTANDING
SHARES OF THE SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK OR (iii) MORE THAN
9.8% OF EITHER THE TOTAL NUMBER OR THE VALUE OF THE TOTAL NUMBER
OF OUTSTANDING SHARES OF THE SERIES B PREFERRED STOCK. SEE
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK RESTRICTIONS ON
OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER BEGINNING ON PAGE 31 OF THIS
PROSPECTUS. |
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The date of this prospectus is January 6, 2005
The information contained in this prospectus is not complete
and may be changed. You should only rely on the information
provided in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein
or in any supplement to this prospectus. We have not authorized
anyone else to provide you with different information. These
securities are not being offered in any state where the offer is
not permitted. You should not assume that the information in
this prospectus or any supplement to this prospectus is accurate
as of any date other than the date on the front of those
documents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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About This Prospectus
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Explanatory Note
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Where You Can Find More Information
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
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Our Company
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Summary of the Securities Offered by This Prospectus
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Risk Factors
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Use of Proceeds
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Ratio Information
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Plan of Distribution
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Description of Capital Stock
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Description of Debt Securities
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Description of Warrants
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Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our Status
as a REIT
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Legal Matters
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63 |
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Experts
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i
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement we filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC,
utilizing a shelf registration process. Under this
shelf process, we may, from time to time, sell any combination
of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more
offerings up to a total dollar amount of $761,875,000. This
prospectus provides you with a general description of the
securities we may offer.
Each time we sell securities under this prospectus, we will
provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific
information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus
supplement may also add, update or change information contained
in this prospectus. Before investing in our securities, you
should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement,
together with additional information described immediately below
under the heading Where You Can Find More
Information.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
In this prospectus, unless the context indicates otherwise,
references to the Company, we,
our and us refer to the activities and
the assets and liabilities of American Home Mortgage Investment
Corp., including our subsidiaries, American Home Mortgage
Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which is sometimes
referred to in this prospectus as AHM Holdings, American Home
Mortgage Corp., a New York corporation, American Home Mortgage
Servicing, Inc. (formerly known as Columbia National,
Incorporated), a Maryland corporation, and American Home
Mortgage Acceptance, Inc., a Maryland corporation. References in
this prospectus to AHM Investment refer solely to
American Home Mortgage Investment Corp. AHM Investment was
formed in order to combine the businesses of AHM Holdings and
Apex Mortgage Capital, Inc., which is sometimes referred to in
this prospectus as Apex, and to reorganize those businesses into
a real estate investment trust, or REIT, with a taxable mortgage
origination subsidiary. The business combination of AHM Holdings
and Apex was completed on December 3, 2003. See Our
Company Company History on page 5 of this
prospectus.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements
and other information required by the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, with the SEC. You may
read and copy any of these filed documents at the SECs
public reference room located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the SECs public
reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public
from the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of
these reports, proxy statements and other information can also
be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange,
20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
Our website is http://www.americanhm.com. We make available free
of charge on our website, via a link to a third party website,
our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on
Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy
statements and Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of
directors and executive officers and any amendments to such
reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon
as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically
filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Unless specifically
incorporated by reference into this prospectus, information
contained on our website is not, and should not be interpreted
to be, part of this prospectus.
This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement and does not
contain all of the information included in the Registration
Statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to
any contract or other document of ours, you should refer to the
exhibits that are a part of the Registration Statement or the
prospectus supplement for a copy of the referenced contract or
document. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the
provisions of any documents are necessarily summaries of those
documents, and each statement is qualified in its entirety by
reference to the copy of the document filed with the SEC.
ii
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference into
this prospectus information that we file with the SEC in other
documents. This means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring you to other documents filed separately with
the SEC. The information that we incorporate by reference is
considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that
we file later with the SEC will automatically update and
supersede the information contained in this prospectus.
This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents that we
have filed with the SEC. These documents contain important
information about us that is not included in or delivered with
this prospectus. The following documents filed with the SEC
pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act (File No.
001-31916) are incorporated by reference:
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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2003, including those portions incorporated by
reference therein of our Definitive Proxy Statement on
Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 29, 2004; |
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Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters
ended March 31, 2004, June 30, 2004 and
September 30, 2004; and |
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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K dated January 12,
2004, February 12, 2004, June 21, 2004, July 28,
2004, August 30, 2004 and November 30, 2004. |
All documents that we will file with the SEC under the
provisions of Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the
termination of any offering of securities under this prospectus
shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference and to be a part
of this prospectus from the date such documents are filed,
provided, however, that we are not incorporating by
reference any information furnished under Item 2.02 or
Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K.
We will provide to you, without charge, a copy of any or all
documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus except
the exhibits to those documents (unless they are specifically
incorporated by reference in those documents). You may request
copies by writing or telephoning: Alan B. Horn, Esq.,
Secretary, American Home Mortgage Investment Corp., 538
Broadhollow Road, Melville, New York 11747, telephone number
(516) 396-7700.
iii
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These
statements may be made directly in this prospectus and they also
may be made a part of this prospectus by reference to other
documents we file with the SEC.
Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the
use of forward-looking words. When used in our documents or in
any oral presentation, statements that are not historical in
nature, including the words anticipate,
may, estimate, should,
seek, expect, plan,
believe, intend, and similar words, or
the negatives of those words, are intended to identify
forward-looking statements. They also include statements
containing a projection of revenues, earnings (loss), capital
expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial
terms. Certain statements regarding the following particularly
are forward-looking in nature:
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our business strategy; |
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future performance, developments, market forecasts or projected
dividends; |
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projected acquisitions or joint ventures; and |
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projected capital expenditures. |
It is important to note that the description of our business in
general, and our securities holdings in particular, is a
statement about our operations as of a specific point in time.
It is not meant to be construed as an investment policy, and the
types of assets we hold, the amount of leverage we use, the
liabilities we incur and other characteristics of our assets and
liabilities are subject to reevaluation and change without
notice.
The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are based on
our managements beliefs, assumptions and expectations of
our future economic performance, taking into account the
information currently available to it. These statements are not
statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements are
subject to a number of factors, risks and uncertainties, some of
which are not currently known to us, that may cause our actual
results, performance or financial condition to be materially
different from the expectations of future results, performance
or financial position. These factors include, without limitation:
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our limited operating history with respect to our portfolio
strategy; |
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the ability of our management to change or modify our portfolio
strategy without advance notice to stockholders which may cause
us to suffer losses; |
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our need for a significant amount of cash to operate our
business; |
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risks associated with the use of leverage; |
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failure to maintain our status as a REIT; |
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changes in federal and state tax laws affecting REITs; |
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repayment speeds within the mortgage-backed securities market; |
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changes in federal and state regulation of mortgage banking; |
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disruptions in the market for repurchase facilities; |
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failure to match the interest rates on our borrowings with the
interest rates on the mortgage-backed securities we hold; |
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the overall environment for interest rates and their subsequent
effect on our business; |
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dividends declared by us that are not as high as expected; |
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risks associated with equity investments and the general
volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our
common stock; |
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competition for business and personnel; |
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our ability to identify and complete acquisitions and
successfully integrate the businesses we acquire; |
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general economic, political, market, financial or legal
conditions; and |
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the other factors referenced in this prospectus, including,
without limitation, those under the Risk Factors
section. |
In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the
forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus might not
occur, and we qualify any and all of our forward-looking
statements entirely by these cautionary factors. You are
cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking
statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus
or as of the date of any document incorporated by reference in
this prospectus, as applicable. Such forward-looking statements
are inherently uncertain, and you must recognize that actual
results may differ from expectations. We are not under any
obligation, and we expressly disclaim any obligation, to update
or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of
new information, future events or otherwise.
v
OUR COMPANY
We are in the business of investing in mortgage-backed
securities resulting from the securitization of primarily
prime-quality, residential mortgage loans that we originate and
service. Self-originating the loans underlying our securities
allows us to invest in those securities at a lower cost than
acquiring similar assets in the capital markets, and therefore
is expected to enhance the return we earn on those securities.
Our business strategy is to securitize most of the
adjustable-rate mortgage, or ARM, loans that we originate, to
hold a portion of the securities resulting from these
securitizations, to service those loans underlying our
securities and to sell the fixed-rate mortgage loans that we
originate. Generally, loans we originate are
high-credit-quality, prime loans that are either eligible for
sale to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or are jumbo loans for
borrowers with high FICO credit scores, typically 680 or above.
We have elected in our tax return for the year ended
December 31, 2003 to be treated as a REIT, and we expect to
qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes from our date
of incorporation. Consequently, the net interest income we earn
on the securities we hold generally will not be subject to
federal income tax to the extent we distribute those earnings to
stockholders.
We originate loans through our mortgage banking operation, which
originated approximately $21.7 billion in aggregate
principal amount of loans in 2003 and for the third quarter of
2004 was ranked as the nations 21st largest
residential mortgage lender according to National Mortgage
News. We offer a broad array of home mortgage products
through an extensive nationwide network of retail loan
production offices as well as through our wholesale and Internet
mortgage lending operations. We currently operate more than 300
loan production offices in 40 states and make loans
throughout all 50 states. Our mortgage banking operation
also services the loans underlying the securities we create as
well as certain of the loans we sell to third-party purchasers.
The aggregate principal amount of loans we serviced was
approximately $13.6 billion as of September 30, 2004.
We seek to generate attractive, long-term investment returns
from the mortgage-backed securities that we hold. We believe
that our return is enhanced as the result of our ability to
self-originate the mortgage loans underlying these securities,
which results in a lower acquisition cost of the securities, and
not from anticipating market forces, such as the direction of
interest rates. We seek to limit our exposure to fluctuating
interest rates by attempting to match the duration of our
liabilities and hedges with the duration of our mortgage-backed
securities holdings. We also seek to reduce risk by holding
primarily securities backed by ARM loans with investment
characteristics that are less sensitive to changes in interest
rates and that are easier to match-fund than fixed-rate loans.
We hold our mortgage-backed securities directly or in our
qualified REIT subsidiary, or QRS, while part of our origination
business and all of our servicing business are housed in our
taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. The net interest income that
we earn on our mortgage-backed securities that are held through
our QRS generally will constitute REIT taxable income, and we
are required by federal tax laws to distribute at least 90% of
such REIT taxable income to our stockholders. We generally will
not be subject to federal income tax on such income to the
extent that such income is distributed. By contrast, income that
we earn on activities we conduct in our TRSs, including
sourcing, selling and servicing mortgage loans, will be subject
to federal and state corporate income tax. We may retain any
after-tax income generated by our TRSs, and, as a result, may
increase our consolidated equity capital and thereby grow our
business through retained earnings. We may, however, dividend
all or a portion of our after-tax TRS earnings to our
stockholders, subject to REIT qualifying limitations. See
Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences of Our
Status as a REIT in this prospectus.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Holdings
Our current portfolio strategy, which is subject to change at
any time without advance notice to our stockholders and which we
expect may change from time to time, is to use our equity
capital and borrowed funds to invest in mortgage-backed
securities resulting from the securitization of loans we
originate, thereby producing net interest income. Accordingly,
we expect net interest income from our securities to be the
largest component of our earnings in the future. We believe that
the cost advantage we
1
obtain from self-originating loans and holding such loans in
securitized form in the REIT or our QRS is primarily the result
of two economic factors. First, through self-origination, we
avoid the intermediation costs associated with purchasing
mortgage assets in the capital markets. Second, the REIT or our
QRS is able to acquire loan applications from our TRSs, rather
than purchase closed loans, at a price substantially less than
the purchase price of a closed loan. We expect that our strategy
and the use of borrowings to leverage the mortgage-backed
securities we hold will produce an attractive return for our
stockholders. As of September 30, 2004, we held
approximately $7.3 billion of mortgage-backed securities
and $398.7 million of mortgage loans awaiting
securitization, substantially all of which were backed by or
were ARM loans. Of these mortgage-backed securities,
approximately 41% were backed by loans we originated and
approximately 59% were mortgage-backed securities purchased in
the capital markets. During the remainder of 2004 and throughout
2005, we expect the percentage of securities we hold that are
backed by self-originated loans to increase until this type of
security constitutes substantially all of our portfolio.
We seek to avoid many of the risks typically associated with
companies that purchase mortgage-backed securities in the
capital markets. For example, we attempt to closely match the
duration of our liabilities and hedges with the duration of our
mortgage-backed securities holdings. We also structure our
liabilities to mitigate potential negative effects of changes in
the relationship between short-term and longer-term interest
rates. A substantial portion of the securities we hold are
either obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or are rated AAA
by Standard & Poors. Finally, substantially all
of our securities are backed by ARM loans. Because we are
focused on holding ARM loans rather than fixed-rate loans, we
believe we will be less adversely affected by prepayments due to
falling interest rates or a reduction in our net interest income
due to rising interest rates.
We generally borrow a substantial portion of the funds required
to invest in our mortgage-backed securities, and will seek to
maintain an overall debt-to-equity ratio ranging from 10:1 to
12:1. The liabilities we use to fund our portfolio of
mortgage-backed securities are primarily repurchase agreements
with maturities ranging from one to twelve months. We use
interest rate swaps to extend the duration of our liabilities to
attempt to match the duration of our assets. We use repurchase
agreements with laddered maturities to reduce the risk of a
disruption in the repurchase market. We also believe we are less
susceptible to a disruption in the repurchase market because we
hold primarily Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities and
securities rated AAA by Standard & Poors, which
have typically been eligible for repurchase market financing
even when repurchase financing was not available for other
classes of mortgage assets.
Under our current business strategy, we expect to maximize the
operational and tax benefits provided by our REIT structure. Our
TRSs accept and process loan applications. Loan applications
that meet the requirements of the REIT, which typically consist
of ARMs and hybrid ARMs, are then sold by our TRSs to our QRS,
while loans that do not meet these requirements are closed and
sold to third-party purchasers. The associated servicing rights
of all loans originated by our QRS are retained by our TRSs. We
generate net interest income from our portfolio of mortgage
loans and mortgage-backed securities, which is the difference
between (i) the interest income we receive from mortgage
loans and mortgage-backed securities we hold and (ii) the
interest we pay, plus certain administrative costs.
Origination Business
Our loan origination business originates primarily first
mortgages on one-to-four family dwellings through our retail and
wholesale loan origination channels, each of which accounted for
approximately half of our total loan originations during the
third quarter of 2004. We seek to utilize a combination of
skilled loan officers, state of the art technology, a broad and
fairly priced product line and a high level of customer service
to successfully compete in the marketplace. Once a consumer
applies for a loan, our mortgage banking operation processes and
underwrites the consumers application and we fund the
consumers loan by drawing on a warehouse line of credit.
The loan is then typically either securitized and the resulting
securities held by us as a long-term investment or sold by us
for a profit.
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Our loan origination business has rapidly grown its market share
and scale. The aggregate principal amount of our total loan
originations has grown from $12.2 billion in 2002 to
$21.7 billion in 2003. We believe our growth has made our
mortgage banking operation more profitable and more effective at
serving our customers. Specifically, growth in originations has
lowered the per-loan cost of our centralized support operations
and, consequently, our overall per-loan cost of origination. Our
growth has also given us a relatively large presence in the
secondary mortgage market, and, as a result, has improved our
ability to execute loan sales to third-party purchasers. In
addition, our size has enabled us to negotiate better terms with
warehouse lenders and credit enhancers such as Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac. Finally, our size has made it possible for us to
profitably enter businesses ancillary to mortgage lending, such
as mortgage reinsurance, title brokerage and vendor management.
We currently conduct lending through more than 300 loan
production offices located in 40 states across the United
States, through mortgage brokers and through our Internet call
center, which serves customers located in all 50 states. In
the third quarter of 2004, our retail activities, which are
conducted through our community loan production offices and
Internet call center, accounted for approximately 51% of our
loan originations, while mortgage brokers accounted for
approximately 49% of our originations. We offer a broad array of
mortgage products, but primarily make high-credit-quality loans;
more than 54% of our originations are eligible for Fannie Mae,
Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae programs, while most of the balance of
our loans consists of jumbo loans for borrowers with high FICO
credit scores, typically 680 or above. In the third quarter of
2004, approximately 56% of our loan originations carried
adjustable interest rates or hybrid interest rates, while
approximately 44% carried fixed interest rates.
AHM Holdings has grown its loan origination franchise
substantially since becoming a public company in October of
1999. In 2003, the aggregate principal amount of our loan
originations was approximately $21.7 billion, compared to
$12.2 billion in 2002, $7.8 billion in 2001 and
$3.0 billion in 2000. Our growth has resulted principally
from growing our network of loan production offices by
acquisitions and internally growing loan production offices so
acquired. We have increased our number of loan production
offices by acquiring small to mid-sized mortgage businesses. AHM
Holdings has completed seven such acquisitions since December of
1999. In each acquisition, we have generally retained and grown
the acquired companys loan production offices while
substantially eliminating their centralized support operations
and associated costs. These acquisitions have significantly
increased our origination capability. Our strategy is to
continue to opportunistically seek acquisitions to grow our loan
origination business.
Growth in AHM Holdings business with mortgage brokers has
resulted from adding additional branches and account executives
in our mortgage broker channel and increasing the depth of our
mortgage broker support capabilities.
Servicing Business
Our servicing business services the loans that back our
portfolio of self-originated mortgage-backed securities. It also
services loans owned by others, which are typically loans that
we or our predecessors originated and sold. As of
September 30, 2004, our TRSs serviced approximately 87,704
loans with an aggregate principal amount of approximately
$13.6 billion. The average annual servicing fee on our
servicing portfolio as of September 30, 2004 was 0.354% of
the principal amount of each loan we service for others. Our
servicing business collects mortgage payments, administers tax
and insurance escrows, seeks to mitigate losses on defaulted
loans and responds to borrower inquiries. Our servicing
capabilities have received the Select Servicer
rating from Standard & Poors.
We expect our servicing business to grow as we increase our
portfolio of self-originated mortgage-backed securities. Our
servicing business enables us to retain an ongoing business
relationship with our borrowers, which we believe makes it more
likely that we will earn those borrowers business when
they need a new loan or wish to refinance an existing loan. We
believe that our servicing capability also enables us to sell
loans to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae on more
advantageous terms than if we did not service our originations.
3
Competitive Advantages
We believe that we have several competitive advantages compared
to other mortgage REITs. These competitive advantages include
the following:
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We believe that our net origination costs through
self-origination typically have been lower than the price at
which traditional mortgage REITs purchase similar mortgage loans
on the open market. We believe that this lower cost allows us to
earn a higher yield than mortgage REITs that primarily purchase
assets in the capital markets. |
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Because we believe we can earn a higher yield than mortgage
REITs that primarily purchase their assets in the capital
markets, we can afford to sacrifice a portion of this yield to
reduce (i) our interest rate risk, by limiting our
portfolio to ARMs and attempting to match-fund our liabilities
and hedges with our assets and (ii) our credit risk, by
focusing on highly rated assets. |
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We believe that we have a competitive advantage over other
mortgage REITs that self-originate mortgage-backed securities
because we typically originate a larger volume of loans than
those companies and, consequently, can select the types of loans
we would like to retain as long-term assets
specifically, high-credit-quality ARM loans. |
We believe that other competitive advantages of our mortgage
banking business include the following:
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We expect that the net interest income generated by our
portfolio of mortgage-backed securities will become the most
substantial component of our revenue, thereby reducing the
volatility generally experienced by mortgage banking companies
that sell all or a majority of their loan products and do not
maintain a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities. |
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Our origination and servicing businesses are countercyclical.
During periods of falling interest rates, the results of
originations are expected to be strong, while our servicing
business is expected to experience losses. Conversely, during
periods of rising interest rates, the results from originations
are expected to diminish, while net income from servicing is
expected to increase. Despite this counterbalancing effect of
our servicing business, during a period of rising interest
rates, we expect the impact of the rising interest rates to
reduce the profitability of our business, since we do not expect
the diminished results of originations to be fully offset by
increases in net income from our servicing business. |
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We have the scale and skills that support a robust set of
capabilities in the areas of sales support and marketing,
technology, product development and training. These capabilities
enhance the effectiveness of our loan officers and account
executives in the marketplace and enable us to better serve our
customers. |
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We offer our customers a broad array of products through our
substantial retail branch network, wholesale mortgage broker
network and Internet presence. We believe reaching customers
through multiple channels with balanced and multi-faceted
products enhances the stability of our origination business and
reduces its vulnerability to changes in the mortgage market. Our
retail channel allows us to maintain a direct relationship with
our customers that we believe fosters customer loyalty for
future business. |
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As a result of our loan servicing business, we maintain a
relationship with a large number of our customers and,
consequently, are more likely to earn those customers
business when they need a new loan or when they wish to
refinance existing loans. In addition, through our loan
servicing business, we are able to maintain control over our
collection and default mitigation processes and better manage
the credit performance of borrowers. |
4
Company History
AHM Investment was incorporated in July 2003 under the laws of
the State of Maryland. AHM Investment was formed in order to
combine the net assets of Apex with the mortgage origination and
servicing businesses of AHM Holdings. In December 2003, AHM
Investment became the parent company of AHM Holdings through an
internal reorganization and acquired Apex by merger. In
connection with these transactions, our common stock was
exchanged for the outstanding shares of common stock of AHM
Holdings and Apex. Our strategy in combining the net assets of
Apex with the origination and servicing businesses of AHM
Holdings was to realize the benefits of holding a portfolio of
self-originated mortgage-backed securities as well as certain
other competitive advantages, described above.
Prior to our conversion into a REIT, our business strategy was
to sell substantially all of the loans that we originated, and
the largest component of our net income was generated by the
gain on sale of such loans. Our historical financial results
prior to 2004 reflect this discontinued strategy of selling
virtually all of the loans that we originated. Since our REIT
conversion, our business strategy is to hold a portion of the
mortgage-backed securities resulting from the securitization of
ARM loans we originate, and, consequently, we believe that the
largest component of our net income in the future will be net
interest income generated by our holdings. While we expect that
holding our originations in securitized form will be beneficial
to our financial results, we cannot assure you that our new
business strategy will be successful.
5
Summary of the Securities Offered by This Prospectus
We may offer any of the following securities from time to time:
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common stock; |
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preferred stock; |
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debt securities; and |
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warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock. |
When we use the term securities in this prospectus,
we mean any of the securities we may offer with this prospectus,
unless we say otherwise. The total dollar amount of all
securities that we may issue will not exceed $761,875,000. This
prospectus, including the following summary of the securities
that may be issued, describes the general terms that may apply
to the securities. The specific terms of any particular
securities that we may offer will be described in a separate
prospectus supplement.
We may offer shares of our common stock, which is currently
traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
AHM. See Description of Capital Stock
beginning on page 28 of this prospectus.
We may offer our preferred stock in one or more series. For any
particular series we offer, the applicable prospectus supplement
will describe the specific designation; the aggregate number of
shares offered; the rate and periods, or the manner of
calculating the rate and periods, for dividends, if any; the
stated value and liquidation preference amount, if any; the
voting rights, if any; the terms on which the series will be
convertible into or exchangeable for other securities or
property, if any; the redemption terms, if any; and any other
specific terms that apply to that series of preferred stock. See
Description of Capital Stock beginning on
page 28 of this prospectus.
We may offer debt securities at various times in one or more
series. The debt securities will be our direct unsecured general
obligations and may include debentures, notes, bonds and/or
other evidences of indebtedness. The terms of any debt
securities that we offer will be set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement. See Description of Debt
Securities beginning on page 34 of this prospectus.
We may offer warrants to purchase our common stock or preferred
stock. For any particular warrants we offer, the applicable
prospectus supplement will describe the underlying security; the
expiration date; the exercise price or the manner of determining
the exercise price; the amount and kind, or the manner of
determining the amount and kind, of security to be delivered by
us upon exercise; and any other specific terms. We may issue the
warrants under warrant agreements between us and one or more
warrant agents. See Description of Warrants
beginning on page 44 of this prospectus.
If any securities are to be listed or quoted on a securities
exchange or quotation system, the applicable prospectus
supplement will state such information.
6
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risks described below
before making an investment decision with respect to our
securities. Our results of operations, financial condition and
business prospects could be harmed by any of these risks. This
prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this
prospectus also contain forward-looking statements that involve
risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ
materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks
faced by us described below and elsewhere in this prospectus and
in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of
these or other risks, and you may lose all or part of your
investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
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We have a limited operating history with respect to our
portfolio strategy, which limits your ability to evaluate a key
component of our business strategy and our growth prospects and
increases your investment risk; we are dependent on the
securitization markets. |
Historically, our business has consisted primarily of the
origination and sale of mortgage loans. We currently intend to
retain a substantial portion of the loans that we originate on a
long-term basis, in the form of mortgage-backed securities
secured by these loans. Under our current business strategy, we
must securitize a portion of the loans we originate to produce
mortgage-backed securities. Our ability to complete
securitizations will depend upon a number of factors, including
conditions in the securities markets generally and conditions in
the mortgage-backed securities market. A disruption in the
securitization market or a change in the markets demand
for our securities may have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations, financial condition and business
prospects. In addition, poor performance of our previously
securitized loans could limit our ability to access the
securitization market. If we are unable to securitize our loans
efficiently, then our revenues for the duration of our
investment in those loans would decline, which would lower our
earnings for the time the loans remain in our portfolio. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to complete loan
securitizations on favorable terms, or at all.
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An interruption or reduction in the securitization market
would harm our financial position. |
We are dependent on the securitization market for the sale of
our loans because we securitize loans directly. The
securitization market is dependent upon a number of factors,
including general economic conditions, conditions in the
securities market generally and conditions in the asset-backed
securities market specifically. In addition, poor performance of
our previously securitized loans could harm our access to the
securitization market. Accordingly, a decline in the
securitization market or a change in the markets demand
for our loans could harm our results of operations, financial
condition and business prospects.
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Our results from holding mortgage-backed securities may be
harmed by changes in the level of interest rates, changes to the
difference between short- and longer-term interest rates,
changes to the difference between interest rates for
mortgage-backed securities compared to other debt instruments,
and an absence of or reduction in the availability, at favorable
terms, of repurchase financing and other liquidity sources
typically utilized by mortgage REITs. |
The value of, and return from, the mortgage-backed securities we
hold will be affected by changes in the marketplace for
mortgage-backed securities and debt securities in general, as
well as high prepayment speeds, and may be volatile. The impact
of changes in the marketplace for mortgage-backed securities and
debt securities on our results will be magnified because our
mortgage-backed securities holdings will be highly leveraged.
Additionally, much of the financing we use to hold our
mortgage-backed securities is cancelable by our lenders on short
notice. If our lenders cease to provide financing to us on
favorable terms, we would be forced to liquidate some or all of
our mortgage-backed securities, possibly at a substantial loss.
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Our business requires a significant amount of cash, and if
it is not available, our business and financial performance will
be significantly harmed. |
We require substantial cash to fund our loan originations, to
pay our loan origination expenses, to hold our loans pending
securitization or sale and to fund our portfolio of
mortgage-backed securities. We also need cash to meet our
working capital, REIT dividend distribution requirements and
other needs. Cash could be required to meet margin calls under
the terms of our borrowings in the event that there is a decline
in the market value of our loans that collateralize our debt,
the terms of our debt become less attractive or for other
reasons.
In addition, if our income as calculated for federal income tax
purposes exceeds our cash flow from operations, we could be
forced to borrow or raise capital on unfavorable terms in order
to make the distributions to avoid federal income tax and
maintain our REIT status.
We expect that our primary sources of cash will consist of:
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our repurchase facilities, warehouse lines of credit, mortgage
servicing credit facilities and a commercial paper program; |
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the net interest income we earn on our mortgage-backed
securities holdings; |
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the income we earn from originating and selling mortgage
loans; and |
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the income we earn from servicing mortgage loans. |
Pending sale or securitization of a pool of mortgage loans, we
will originate mortgage loans that we finance through borrowings
from our warehouse lines of credit and commercial paper program.
It is possible that our warehouse lenders could experience
changes in their ability to advance funds to us, independent of
our performance or the performance of our loans. In addition, if
the regulatory capital requirements imposed on our lenders
change, our lenders may be required to increase significantly
the cost of the lines of credit that they provide to us.
As of September 30, 2004, we financed $547.6 million
of loans through five warehouse lines of credit. Each of these
facilities is cancelable by the lender for cause at any time. As
of November 4, 2004, the aggregate balance outstanding
under these facilities was approximately $1.3 billion. Four
of these facilities are subject to periodic renewal and one has
no expiration date. We cannot provide any assurances that we
will be able to extend these existing facilities on favorable
terms, or at all. If we are not able to renew any of these
credit facilities or arrange for new financing on terms
acceptable to us, or if we default on our covenants or are
otherwise unable to access funds under any of these facilities,
we may not be able to originate new loans or continue to fund
our operations, which would have a material adverse effect on
our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of
operations.
In connection with those loans we securitize other than through
guaranteed performance swaps and similar transactions with
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and the Federal Home
Loan Banks, we plan to provide credit enhancement for a
portion of the securities that we sell, called senior
securities, to improve the price at which we sell them.
Our current expectation is that this credit enhancement for the
senior securities will be primarily in the form of either
designating another portion of the securities we issue as
subordinate securities (on which the credit risk
from the loans is concentrated), paying for financial guaranty
insurance policies for the loans, or both. If we use financial
guaranty insurance policies, and the expense of these insurance
policies increases, the net interest income we receive will be
reduced. While we plan to use credit enhancement features in the
future, we cannot assure you that these features will be
available at costs that would allow us to achieve the desired
level of net interest income from the securitizations that we
anticipate being able to achieve.
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We may not be able to achieve our optimal leverage. |
We use leverage as a strategy to increase the return to our
investors. However, we may not be able to achieve our desired
leverage for various reasons, including, but not limited to, the
following:
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we determine that the leverage would expose us to excessive risk; |
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our lenders do not make funding available to us on acceptable
terms; or |
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our lenders require that we provide additional collateral to
cover our borrowings. |
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Our use of repurchase facilities to borrow funds may be
limited or curtailed in the event of disruptions in the
repurchase market. |
We will rely upon repurchase facilities in order to finance our
portfolio of mortgage-backed securities. Our repurchase
facilities are dependent on our counterparties ability to
resell our obligations to third-party purchasers. There have
been in the past, and in the future there may be, disruptions in
the repurchase market. If there is a disruption of the
repurchase market generally, or if one of our counterparties is
itself unable to access the repurchase market, our access to
this source of liquidity could be adversely affected.
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Our use of repurchase agreements to borrow funds may give
our lenders greater rights in the event that either we or a
lender files for bankruptcy. |
Our borrowings under repurchase agreements may qualify for
special treatment under the bankruptcy code, giving our lenders
the ability to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the
bankruptcy code and to take possession of and liquidate our
collateral under the repurchase agreements without delay in the
event that we file for bankruptcy. Furthermore, the special
treatment of repurchase agreements under the bankruptcy code may
make it difficult for us to recover our pledged assets in the
event that a lender files for bankruptcy. Thus, the use of
repurchase agreements exposes our pledged assets to risk in the
event of a bankruptcy filing by either a lender or us.
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Our efforts to match fund our mortgage-backed securities
with our borrowings may not be effective to protect against
losses due to movements in interest rates. |
The interest rates on our borrowings generally adjust more
frequently than the interest rates on our ARM mortgage-backed
securities. Accordingly, in a period of rising interest rates,
we could experience a decrease in net income or a net loss
because the interest rates on our borrowings adjust faster than
the interest rates on our ARM mortgage-backed securities.
Although we attempt to limit our exposure to changing interest
rates by matching as closely as possible the duration of our
liabilities and hedges with the duration of our mortgage loan
holdings, our liabilities, hedges and assets could react
differently than we expect in response to changes in interest
rates, which would cause us to suffer significant losses.
Matched funding is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve, and
there can be no assurances that our efforts to match fund will
protect us against losses.
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Our credit facilities contain covenants that restrict our
operations and any default under our credit facilities would
have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition. |
Our existing warehouse and repurchase facilities and commercial
paper program contain extensive restrictions and covenants and
require us to maintain or satisfy specified financial ratios and
tests, including maintenance of asset quality and portfolio
performance tests. Failure to meet or satisfy any of these
covenants, financial ratios or financial tests could result in
an event of default under these agreements. These agreements are
typically recourse loans that are secured by specific mortgage
loans pledged under those agreements. The agreements also
contain cross-default provisions, so that if an event of default
occurs under any agreement, the lenders could elect to declare
all amounts outstanding under all of our agreements to be
immediately due and payable, enforce their interests against
collateral pledged under the agreements and, in certain
circumstances, restrict our ability to make additional
borrowings.
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Our warehouse and repurchase facilities contain additional
restrictions and covenants that may:
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restrict the ability of our TRSs to make distributions to us; |
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restrict our ability to make certain investments or
acquisitions; and |
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restrict our ability to engage in certain mergers or
consolidations. |
These restrictions may interfere with our ability to obtain
financing or to engage in other business activities, which may
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, liquidity and results of operations.
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Our credit facilities are subject to margin calls based on
the lenders opinion of the value of our loan collateral.
An unanticipated large margin call could harm our
liquidity. |
The amount of financing we receive under our credit facilities
depends in large part on the lenders valuation of the
mortgage loans that secure the financings. Each such facility
provides the lender the right, under certain circumstances, to
reevaluate the loan collateral that secures our outstanding
borrowings at any time. In the event the lender determines that
the value of the loan collateral has decreased, it has the right
to initiate a margin call. A margin call would require us to
provide the lender with additional collateral or to repay a
portion of the outstanding borrowings. Any such margin call
could harm our liquidity, results of operations, financial
condition and business prospects.
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If warehouse lenders and securitization underwriters face
exposure stemming from legal violations committed by the
companies to whom they provide financing or underwriting
services, this could increase our borrowing costs and harm the
market for whole loans and mortgage-backed securities. |
In June 2003, a California jury found a warehouse lender and
securitization underwriter liable in part for fraud on consumers
committed by a lender to whom it provided financing and
underwriting services. The jury found that the investment bank
was aware of the fraud and substantially assisted the lender in
perpetrating the fraud by providing financing and underwriting
services that allowed the lender to continue to operate, and
held the bank liable for 10% of the plaintiffs damages.
This is the first case we know of in which an investment bank
was held partly responsible for violations committed by the
banks mortgage lender customer. If other courts or
regulators adopt this theory, investment banks may face
increased litigation as they are named as defendants in lawsuits
and regulatory actions against the mortgage companies with which
they do business. Some investment banks may exit the business,
charge more for warehouse lending or reduce the prices they pay
for whole loans in order to build in the costs of this potential
litigation. This could, in turn, harm our results of operations,
financial condition and business prospects.
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If the prepayment rates for our mortgage loans are higher
than expected, our results of operations may be significantly
harmed. |
The rate and timing of unscheduled payments and collections of
principal on our loans is impossible to predict accurately and
will be affected by a variety of factors including, without
limitation, the level of prevailing interest rates, the
availability of lender credit and other economic, demographic,
geographic, tax and legal factors. In general, however, if
prevailing interest rates fall significantly below the interest
rate on a loan, the borrower is more likely to prepay the then
higher-rate loan than if prevailing rates remain at or above the
interest rate on the loan. Unscheduled principal prepayments
could adversely affect our results of operations to the extent
we are unable to reinvest the funds we receive at an equivalent
or higher yield rate, if at all. In addition, a large amount of
prepayments, especially prepayments on loans with interest rates
that are high relative to the rest of the asset pool, will
likely decrease the net interest income we receive.
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We may suffer credit losses with respect to, and be
required to repurchase, loans that we originate and sell,
regardless of credit enhancements that we purchase. |
Although we typically purchase credit enhancements from Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac with respect to the agency-eligible ARM
loans that we originate and sell, we may nevertheless suffer
credit losses with respect to these loans if we do not originate
the loans correctly. We also may be required to repurchase the
loans under these circumstances. In addition, we may suffer
credit losses on non-agency eligible securities to the extent
that they do not have, or have only limited, credit
enhancements. Credit enhancements will not protect us from such
credit losses or repurchase obligations.
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Our hedging strategy may adversely affect our borrowing
cost and expose us to other risks. |
From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with
respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging
activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps
and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and
forward contracts. Currently, we intend to primarily use term
reverse repurchase agreements and interest rate swap agreements
to manage the interest rate risk of our portfolio of
adjustable-rate mortgages. However, our actual hedging decisions
will be determined in light of the facts and circumstances
existing at the time and may differ from our currently
anticipated hedging strategy. Developing an effective strategy
for dealing with movements in interest rates is complex and no
strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with
such fluctuations. There can be no assurance that our hedging
activities will effectively hedge against adverse interest rate
movement.
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The results from our mortgage origination business will be
harmed by rising interest rates. |
Since 2001, a majority of AHM Holdings mortgage
originations were to customers refinancing an existing loan to
obtain a lower interest rate. Rising interest rates have
substantially reduced the number of potential customers that can
achieve a lower interest rate from refinancing, and to a lesser
extent the number of potential customers that can afford to buy
homes, and consequently are substantially reducing the amount of
loans originated by our loan origination business and the
revenue therefrom. In addition, rising interest rates are likely
to reduce the margins achieved by our loan origination business.
While rising interest rates generally will have a beneficial
impact on our mortgage servicing business, the negative impact
from rising interest rates on our mortgage origination business
generally has been greater than the offsetting beneficial
impact, and consequently, in a period of rising interest rates,
our earnings are projected to decline.
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The results from our mortgage servicing business will be
harmed by falling interest rates. |
AHM Holdings historically has suffered losses from its mortgage
servicing business. If interest rates remain low enough to cause
a large number of borrowers whose loans are being serviced by
our servicing business to refinance, we will experience high
amortization and possibly continued impairment of our servicing
assets, and would likely experience a loss from our mortgage
servicing business.
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An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of
our loan inventory and commitments and our hedging strategy may
not protect us from interest rate risk and may lead to
losses. |
The value of our loan inventory will be based, in part, on
market interest rates. Accordingly, we may experience losses on
loan sales if interest rates change rapidly or unexpectedly. If
interest rates rise after we fix a price for a loan or
commitment but before we close or sell such loan, the value of
the loan will decrease. If the amount we receive from selling
the loan is less than our cost of originating the loan, we may
incur net losses, and our business and operating results could
be harmed. While we will use hedging and other strategies to
minimize our exposure to interest rate risks, no hedging or
other strategy can completely protect us. In addition, the
nature and timing of hedging transactions may influence the
effectiveness of these strategies. Poorly designed strategies or
improperly executed transactions could actually increase our
risk and losses. In addition, hedging strategies involve
transaction and other costs. We
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cannot assure you that our hedging strategy and the hedges that
we make will adequately offset the risks of interest rate
volatility or that our hedges will not result in losses.
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We may fail to generate expected returns on our
mortgage-related assets because of interest rate caps associated
with adjustable-rate mortgages. |
Adjustable-rate mortgage assets are typically subject to
periodic and lifetime interest rate caps and floors, which limit
the amount by which the interest yield of an adjustable-rate
mortgage asset may change during any given period. However, our
borrowing costs will not be subject to similar restrictions.
Hence, in a period of rising interest rates, interest rate costs
on our borrowings could increase without limitation by caps,
while the interest-rate yields on our adjustable-rate mortgage
assets would generally be limited by caps. This could result in
the receipt of less cash income on our adjustable-rate mortgage
assets than needed in order to pay the interest cost on our
related borrowings. These factors could lower our net interest
income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest
rates, which would negatively impact our financial condition,
cash flows and results of operations.
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We are subject to losses due to fraudulent and negligent
acts on the part of loan applicants, mortgage brokers, other
vendors and our employees. |
When we originate mortgage loans, we rely heavily upon
information supplied by third parties, including the information
contained in the loan application, property appraisal, title
information and employment and income documentation. If any of
this information is intentionally or negligently misrepresented
and such misrepresentation is not detected prior to loan
funding, the value of the loan may be significantly lower than
expected. Whether a misrepresentation is made by the loan
applicant, the mortgage broker, another third party or one of
our employees, we generally bear the risk of loss associated
with the misrepresentation. A loan subject to a material
misrepresentation is typically unsaleable or subject to
repurchase if it is sold prior to detection of the
misrepresentation, the persons and entities involved are often
difficult to locate and it is often difficult to collect any
monetary losses that we have suffered from the misrepresentation.
We have controls and processes designed to help us identify
misrepresented information in our loan origination operations.
We cannot assure you, however, that we have detected or will
detect all misrepresented information in our loan originations.
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A material difference between the assumptions used in the
determination of the value of our residual interests and our
actual experience could harm our financial position. |
As of September 30, 2004, the value on our balance sheet of
our residual interests from securitization transactions was
$77.1 million. The value of these residuals is a function
of the delinquency, loss, prepayment speed and discount rate
assumptions we use. It is extremely difficult to validate the
assumptions we use in valuing our residual interests. In the
future, if our actual experience differs materially from these
assumptions, our cash flow, financial condition, results of
operations and business prospects could be harmed.
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We depend upon distributions from our operating
subsidiaries to fund our operations and may be subordinate to
the rights of their existing and future creditors. |
We conduct substantially all of our operations through our
subsidiaries. Without independent means of generating operating
revenue, we depend on distributions and other payments from the
subsidiaries to make distributions to our stockholders. Our
subsidiaries must first satisfy their cash needs, which may
include salaries of our executive officers, insurance,
professional fees and service of indebtedness that may be
outstanding at various times before making distributions.
Financial covenants under future credit agreements, or
provisions of the laws of Maryland, where we and our QRS are
organized, or Delaware or New York, where our other operating
subsidiaries are organized, may limit our subsidiaries
ability to make sufficient dividend, distribution or other
payments to permit us to make distributions to stockholders.
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By virtue of our holding company status, our 9.75% Series A
Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, or Series A
Preferred Stock, and 9.25% Series B Cumulative Redeemable
Preferred Stock, or Series B Preferred Stock, is
structurally junior in right of payment to all existing and
future liabilities of our subsidiaries. The inability of our
operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us could have a
material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial
condition and business.
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Our financial results fluctuate as a result of seasonality
and other factors, including the demand for mortgage loans,
which makes it difficult to predict our future
performance. |
Our business is generally subject to seasonal trends. These
trends reflect the general pattern of resales of homes, which
typically peak during the spring and summer seasons. AHM
Holdings quarterly results have fluctuated in the past and
are expected to fluctuate in the future, reflecting the
seasonality of the industry. Further, if the sale of a loan is
postponed, the recognition of income from the sale is also
postponed. If such a delay causes us to recognize income in the
next quarter, our results of operations for the previous quarter
could be harmed. Unanticipated delays could also increase our
exposure to interest rate fluctuations by lengthening the period
during which our variable rate borrowings under credit
facilities are outstanding. If our results of operations do not
meet the expectations of our stockholders and securities
analysts, then the price of our securities may be harmed.
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We may not be able to manage our growth efficiently, which
may harm our results and may, in turn, harm the market price of
our securities and our ability to distribute dividends. |
Over the last several years, AHM Holdings experienced
significant growth in its business activities and in the number
of its employees. We will seek continued growth through both
acquisitions and internal growth. AHM Holdings growth has
required, and our growth will continue to require, increased
investment in management and professionals, personnel, financial
and management systems and controls and facilities, which could
cause our operating margins to decline from historical levels,
especially in the absence of revenue growth.
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We face risks in connection with any completed or
potential acquisition, which could have a material adverse
impact on our growth or our operations. |
AHM Holdings has completed several acquisitions over the past
few years, and we from time to time will continue to consider
additional strategic acquisitions of mortgage lenders and other
mortgage banking- and finance-related companies. Upon completion
of an acquisition, we are faced with the challenges of
integrating the operations, services, products, personnel and
systems of acquired companies into our business, identifying and
eliminating duplicated efforts and systems and incorporating
different corporate strategies, addressing unanticipated legal
liabilities and other contingencies, all of which divert
managements attention from ongoing business operations.
Any acquisition we make may also result in potentially dilutive
issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of additional
debt and the amortization of expenses related to goodwill and
other intangible assets. We cannot assure you that we will be
successful in integrating any acquired business effectively into
the operations of our business. In addition, there is
substantial competition for acquisition opportunities in the
mortgage industry. This competition could result in an increase
in the price of, and a decrease in the number of, attractive
acquisition candidates. As a result, we may not be able to
successfully acquire attractive candidates on terms we deem
acceptable. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to overcome
the risks associated with acquisitions or that such risks will
not adversely affect our growth and results of operations.
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We face intense competition that could harm our market
share and our revenues. |
We face intense competition from commercial banks, savings and
loan associations and other finance and mortgage banking
companies, as well as from Internet-based lending companies and
other lenders participating on the Internet. Entry barriers in
the mortgage industry are relatively low and increased
competition is likely. As we seek to expand our business, we
will face a greater number of competitors, many of whom will be
well-established in the markets we seek to penetrate. Many of
our competitors are
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much larger than we are, have better name recognition than we do
and have far greater financial and other resources than we do.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively compete
against them or any future competitors.
In addition, competition may lower the rates we are able to
charge borrowers, thereby potentially lowering the amount of
income on future loan sales and sales of servicing rights.
Increased competition also may reduce the volume of our loan
originations and loan sales. We cannot assure you that we will
be able to compete successfully in this evolving market.
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The success and growth of our business will depend on our
ability to adapt to technological changes. |
Our mortgage origination business is currently dependent on our
ability to effectively interface with our customers and
efficiently process loan applications and closings. The
origination process is becoming more dependent on technology
advancement, such as the ability to process applications over
the Internet, accept electronic signatures, provide process
status updates instantly and other customer expected
conveniences. As these requirements increase in the future, we
will have to remain competitive with new technology and such
advances may require significant capital expenditures.
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An interruption in or breach of our information systems
may result in lost business. |
We rely heavily upon communications and information systems to
conduct our business. Any failure or interruption or breach in
security of our information systems or the third-party
information systems on which we rely could cause underwriting or
other delays and could result in fewer loan applications being
received, slower processing of applications and reduced
efficiency in loan servicing. We are required to comply with
significant federal and state regulations with respect to the
handling of customer information, and a failure, interruption or
breach of our information systems could result in regulatory
action and litigation against us. We cannot assure you that such
failures or interruptions will not occur or if they do occur
that they will be adequately addressed by us or the third
parties on which we rely. The occurrence of any failures or
interruptions could harm our results of operations, financial
condition and business prospects.
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We face intense competition for personnel that could harm
our business and in turn negatively affect the market price of
our securities and our ability to distribute dividends. |
Generally, our business is dependent on the highly skilled, and
often highly specialized, individuals we employ. Our failure to
recruit and retain qualified employees, including employees
qualified to manage a portfolio of structured products or
mortgage-backed securities, could harm our future operating
results and may, in turn, negatively affect the market price of
our securities and our ability to pay dividends.
Specifically, we depend on our loan originators to generate
customers by, among other things, developing relationships with
consumers, real estate agents and brokers, builders,
corporations and others, which we believe leads to repeat and
referral business. Accordingly, we must be able to attract,
motivate and retain skilled loan originators. In addition, our
growth strategy contemplates hiring additional loan originators.
The market for such persons is highly competitive and
historically has experienced a high rate of turnover.
Competition for qualified loan originators may lead to increased
costs to hire and retain them. We cannot guarantee that we will
be able to attract or retain qualified loan originators. If we
cannot attract or retain a sufficient number of skilled loan
originators, or even if we can retain them but at higher costs,
our business and results of operations could be harmed.
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The conduct of the independent brokers through whom we
originate our wholesale loans could subject us to fines or other
penalties. |
The mortgage brokers through whom we originate wholesale loans
have parallel and separate legal obligations to which they are
subject. While these laws may not explicitly hold the
originating lenders responsible for the legal violations of
mortgage brokers, federal and state agencies increasingly have
sought to impose such liability. Recently, for example, the
United States Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC,
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entered into a settlement agreement with a mortgage lender where
the FTC characterized a broker that had placed all of its loan
production with a single lender as the agent of the
lender; the FTC imposed a fine on the lender in part because, as
principal, the lender was legally responsible for
the mortgage brokers unfair and deceptive acts and
practices. The United States Department of Justice in the past
has sought to hold mortgage lenders responsible for the pricing
practices of mortgage brokers, alleging that the mortgage lender
is directly responsible for the total fees and charges paid by
the borrower under the Fair Housing Act even if the lender
neither dictated what the mortgage broker could charge nor kept
the money for its own account. We exercise little or no control
over the activities of the independent mortgage brokers from
whom we obtain our wholesale loans. Nevertheless, we may be
subject to claims for fines or other penalties based upon the
conduct of our independent mortgage brokers.
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We depend on brokers for a substantial portion of our loan
production. |
We depend, to a large extent, on brokers for our originations of
mortgage loans. Our brokers are not contractually obligated to
do business with us. Further, our competitors also have
relationships with the same brokers and actively compete with us
in our efforts to expand our broker networks. Accordingly, we
cannot assure you that we will be successful in maintaining our
existing relationships or expanding our broker networks. The
failure to do so could negatively impact the volume and pricing
of our loans, which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition, liquidity and results of
operations.
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The loss of key purchasers of our loans or a reduction in
prices paid could harm our financial condition. |
In 2003, 89% of the loans that we sold were to three large
national financial institutions, two of which compete with us
directly for retail originations. If these financial
institutions or any other significant purchaser of our loans
cease to buy our loans and equivalent purchasers cannot be found
on a timely basis, then our business and results of operations
could be harmed. Our results of operations could also be harmed
if these financial institutions or other purchasers lower the
price they pay to us or adversely change the material terms of
their loan purchases from us. The prices at which we sell our
loans vary over time. A number of factors determine the price we
receive for our loans. These factors include:
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the number of institutions that are willing to buy our loans; |
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the amount of comparable loans available for sale; |
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the levels of prepayments of, or defaults on, loans; |
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the types and volume of loans that we sell; |
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the level and volatility of interest rates; and |
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the quality of our loans. |
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We may be required to return proceeds obtained from the
sale of loans, which would negatively impact our results of
operations. |
When we sell a loan to an investor, we are required to make
representations and warranties regarding the loan, the borrower
and the property. These representations are made based in part
on our due diligence and related information provided to us by
the borrower and others. If any of these representations or
warranties is later determined not to be true, we may be
required to repurchase the loan, including principal and
interest, from the investor or indemnify the investor for any
damages or losses caused by the breach of such representation or
warranty. In connection with some non-prime loan sales, we may
be required to return a portion of the premium paid by the
investor if the loan is prepaid within the first year after its
sale. If, to any significant extent, we are required to
repurchase loans, indemnify investors or return loan premiums,
it could have a material adverse effect on our business and
results of operations.
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Changes in existing government sponsored and federal
mortgage programs could negatively affect our mortgage banking
business. |
Our ability to generate revenue through mortgage sales to
institutional investors largely depends on programs sponsored by
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae and others which facilitate
the issuance of mortgage-backed securities in the secondary
market. A portion of our business also depends on various
programs of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and
the Veterans Administration (VA). Any discontinuation of, or
significant reduction in, the operation of those programs could
have a material adverse effect on our mortgage banking business
and results of operations. Also, any significant adverse change
in the level of activity in the secondary market or the
underwriting criteria of these entities would reduce our
revenues.
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We must comply with numerous government regulations and we
are subject to changes in law that could increase our costs and
adversely affect our business. |
Our mortgage banking business is subject to the laws, rules and
regulations of various federal, state and local government
agencies regarding the origination, processing, underwriting,
sale and servicing of mortgage loans. These laws, rules and
regulations, among other things, limit the interest rates,
finance charges and other fees we may charge, require us to make
extensive disclosure, prohibit discrimination and impose
qualification and licensing obligations on us. They also impose
on us various reporting and net worth requirements. We also are
subject to inspection by these government agencies. Our mortgage
banking business is also subject to laws, rules and regulations
regarding the disclosure of non-public information about our
customers to non-affiliated third parties. Our failure to comply
with any of these requirements could lead to, among other
things, the loss of approved status, termination of contractual
rights without compensation, demands for indemnification or
mortgage loan repurchases, class action lawsuits and
administrative enforcement actions.
Regulatory and legal requirements are subject to change. If such
requirements change and become more restrictive, it would be
more difficult and expensive for us to comply and could affect
the way we conduct our business, which could adversely impact
our results of operations. While we believe we are currently in
material compliance with the laws, rules and regulations to
which we are subject, we cannot assure you that we are, or will
be, in full compliance with applicable laws, rules and
regulations. If we cannot comply with those laws or regulations,
or if new laws limit or eliminate some of the benefits of
purchasing a mortgage, our business and results of operations
may be materially adversely affected.
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As a mortgage lender, we must comply with numerous
licensing requirements, and our inability to remain in
compliance with such requirements could adversely affect our
operations and our reputation generally. |
Like other mortgage companies, we must comply with the
applicable licensing and other regulatory requirements of each
jurisdiction in which we are authorized to lend. These
requirements are quite complex and vary from jurisdiction to
jurisdiction. We monitor and regularly review our compliance
with such requirements. From time to time we are subject to
examination by regulators, and if it is determined that we are
not in compliance with the applicable requirements, we may be
fined, and our license to lend in one or more jurisdictions may
be suspended or revoked. We have in the past violated, and we
may in the future violate, certain aspects of the licensing
requirements in some jurisdictions. Although the past violations
of which we are aware have not had a material adverse effect on
our business, operations or reputation, we cannot assure you
that future or past violations of which we are not aware will
not have such an effect.
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The loss of our relationships with government agencies and
related entities would have an adverse effect on our
business. |
Our agreements with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, the FHA
and the VA afford us a number of advantages and may be canceled
by the counterparty for cause. Cancellation of one or more of
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these agreements would have a material adverse impact on our
operating results and could result in further disqualification
with other counterparties, loss of technology and other
materially adverse consequences.
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We are exposed to environmental liabilities with respect
to properties to which we take title, which could increase our
costs of doing business and adversely impact our results of
operations. |
In the course of our business, at various times, we may
foreclose and take title (for security purposes) to residential
properties and could be subject to environmental liabilities
with respect to such properties. To date, we have not been
required to perform any environmental investigation or
remediation activities, nor have we been subject to any
environmental claims relating to these activities. We cannot
assure you that this will remain the case in the future. We may
be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for
property damage, personal injury and investigation and clean up
costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental
contamination, or may be required to investigate or clean up
hazardous or toxic substances or chemical releases at a
property. The costs associated with an environmental
investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In
addition, as the owner or former owner of a contaminated site,
we may be subject to common law claims by third parties seeking
damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination
emanating from such property.
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Our Board of Directors or management may change our
operating policies and strategies without prior notice or
stockholder approval and such changes could harm our business
and results of operations and the value of our
securities. |
Our Board of Directors and, in certain cases, our management,
have the authority to modify or waive our current operating
policies and our strategies without prior notice and without
stockholder approval. We cannot predict the effect any changes
to our current operating policies and strategies would have on
our business, operating results and value of our stock and it is
possible that the effects might be adverse.
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Certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter and
bylaws could hinder, delay or prevent a change in
control. |
Certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws
could have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing
transactions that involve an actual or threatened change in
control of our company. These provisions include the following:
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Classified Board of Directors. Our Board of
Directors is divided into three classes with staggered terms of
office of three years each. The classification and staggered
terms of office of our directors make it more difficult for a
third party to gain control of our Board of Directors. At least
two annual meetings of stockholders, instead of one, generally
would be required to effect a change in a majority of our Board
of Directors. |
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Removal of Directors. Under our charter, subject
to the rights of one or more classes or series of preferred
stock to elect or remove one or more directors, a director may
be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast by our
stockholders generally in the election of directors. |
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Number of Directors, Board Vacancies, Term of
Office. We may, in the future, elect to be subject to
certain provisions of Maryland law which vest in the Board of
Directors the exclusive right to determine the number of
directors and the exclusive right, by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the remaining directors, to fill vacancies on the
Board even if the remaining directors do not constitute a
quorum. These provisions of Maryland law, which are applicable
even if other provisions of Maryland law or our charter or
bylaws provide to the contrary, also provide that any director
elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office for the remainder of
the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy
occurred, rather than the next annual meeting of stockholders as
would otherwise be the case, and until his or her successor is
elected and qualifies. |
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Stockholder Requested Special Meetings. Our bylaws
provide that our stockholders have the right to call a special
meeting only upon the written request of the stockholders
entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast by the stockholders at such meeting. |
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Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Nominations and
Proposals. Our bylaws require advance written notice for
stockholders to nominate persons for election as directors at,
or to bring other business before, any meeting of stockholders.
This bylaw provision limits the ability of stockholders to make
nominations of persons for election as directors or to introduce
other proposals unless we are notified in a timely manner prior
to the meeting. |
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Exclusive Authority of Our Board to Amend the
Bylaws. Our bylaws provide that our Board of Directors
has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision
of the bylaws or to make new bylaws. Thus, our stockholders may
not effect any changes to our bylaws. |
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Preferred Stock. Under our charter, our Board of
Directors has authority to issue preferred stock from time to
time in one or more series and to establish the terms,
preferences and rights of any such series of preferred stock,
all without approval of our stockholders. The issuance of shares
of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power of
the holders of common stock and could have the effect of
delaying or preventing a change in control or other corporate
action. |
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Duties of Directors with Respect to Unsolicited
Takeovers. Maryland law provides protection for Maryland
corporations against unsolicited takeovers by limiting, among
other things, the duties of the directors in unsolicited
takeover situations. The duties of directors of Maryland
corporations do not require them to (i) accept, recommend
or respond to any proposal by a person seeking to acquire
control of the corporation, (ii) authorize the corporation
to redeem any rights under, or modify or render inapplicable,
any stockholders rights plan, (iii) make a
determination under the Maryland Business Combination Act or the
Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act (to the extent either Act
is otherwise applicable), or (iv) act or fail to act solely
because of the effect that the act or failure to act may have on
an acquisition or potential acquisition of control of the
corporation or the amount or type of consideration that may be
offered or paid to the stockholders in an acquisition. Moreover,
under Maryland law, the act of the directors of a Maryland
corporation relating to or affecting an acquisition or potential
acquisition of control is not subject to any higher duty or
greater scrutiny than is applied to any other act of a director.
Maryland law also contains a statutory presumption that an act
of a director of a Maryland corporation satisfies the applicable
standards of conduct for directors under Maryland law. |
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Ownership Limit. In order to preserve our status
as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, our charter generally
prohibits any single stockholder, or any group of affiliated
stockholders, from beneficially owning more than (i) 6.5%
of our outstanding common stock, or more than 6.5% of our
outstanding common and preferred stock, (ii) more than 9.8%
of either the total number or the value of the total number of
outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock or
(iii) more than 9.8% of either the total number or the
value of the total number of outstanding shares of the
Series B Preferred Stock, unless and to the extent to which
our Board of Directors decides to waive or modify this ownership
limit. |
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Maryland Business Combination Act. The Maryland
Business Combination Act provides that, unless exempted, a
Maryland corporation may not engage in business combinations,
including mergers, dispositions of 10% or more of its assets,
issuances of shares of stock and other specified transactions,
with an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an
interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date
on which the interested stockholder became an interested
stockholder, and thereafter unless specified criteria are met.
An interested stockholder is generally a person owning or
controlling, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting
power of the outstanding stock of a Maryland corporation. Our
Board of Directors has adopted a resolution exempting the
company from this statute. However, our Board of Directors may
repeal or modify this resolution in the future, in which case
the provisions of the Maryland Business Combination Act will be
applicable to business combinations between us and other persons. |
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Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Maryland
law provides that control shares of a corporation
acquired in a control share acquisition shall have
no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of
two-thirds of the votes eligible to be cast on the matter under
the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. Control
shares means shares of stock that, if aggregated with all
other shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror, would
entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing
directors within one of the following ranges of the voting
power: one-tenth or more but less than one-third, one-third or
more but less than a majority or a majority or more of all
voting power. A control share acquisition means the
acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions. |
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If voting rights or control shares acquired in a control share
acquisition are not approved at a stockholders meeting,
then subject to certain conditions and limitations, the issuer
may redeem any or all of the control shares for fair value. If
voting rights of such control shares are approved at a
stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to
vote a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote, all
other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. Our bylaws
contain a provision exempting acquisitions of our shares from
the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. However, our Board
of Directors may amend our bylaws in the future to repeal or
modify this exemption, in which case any control shares of ours
acquired in a control share acquisition will be subject to the
Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act. |
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Loss of Investment Company Act exemption would adversely
affect us and negatively affect the market price of shares of
our securities and our ability to distribute dividends. |
We are not regulated as an investment company under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and we intend to
operate so as to not become regulated as an investment company
under the Investment Company Act. We intend to be
primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or
otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests
in real estate. Specifically, we intend to invest at least
55% of our assets in mortgage loans or mortgage-backed
securities that represent the entire ownership in a pool of
mortgage loans ownership and at least an additional 25% of our
assets in mortgages, mortgage-backed securities, securities of
REITs and other real estate-related assets.
If we fail to qualify for an exemption under the Investment
Company Act, we may be required to restructure our activities.
For example, if the market value of our investments in equity
securities were to increase by an amount that resulted in less
than 55% of our assets being invested in mortgage loans or
mortgage-backed securities that represent the entire ownership
in a pool of mortgage loans, we might have to sell equity
securities in order to qualify for exemption under the
Investment Company Act. In the event we must restructure our
activities, our results of operations could be adversely
affected.
Risks Relating to Our Status as a REIT
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Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to
hedge effectively. |
The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code substantially
limit our ability to hedge mortgage-backed securities and
related borrowings. Under these provisions, our annual income
from certain qualified hedges, together with any other income
not generated from qualified REIT real estate assets, must be
less than 25% of our gross income and, through 2004, we must
limit our aggregate non-qualified hedging income (together with
aggregate income we receive from certain services) to less than
5% of our annual gross income. As a result, we might in the
future be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging
techniques. Unhedged positions could leave us exposed to greater
risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would
otherwise bear.
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We may fail to qualify as a REIT and be subject to
tax. |
If we are compelled to sell qualifying REIT assets, or we have
insufficient cash flow to originate or purchase qualifying REIT
assets, we may have insufficient qualifying REIT assets, in
which case we may
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fail to qualify as a REIT. See Certain U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT in this
prospectus.
To qualify as a REIT, not more than 20% of the value of our
total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more
TRSs at the close of any calendar quarter, subject to certain
cure periods. See Certain U.S. Federal
Income Tax Consequences of Our Status as a REIT
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT Asset
Tests. We monitor the value of our investment in our TRSs
in relation to our other assets to comply with the 20% asset
test. There cannot be complete assurance that we will be
successful in that effort. In certain cases, we may need to
borrow from third parties to acquire additional qualifying REIT
assets or increase the amount and frequency of dividends from
our TRSs in order to comply with the 20% asset test. Moreover,
there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will
not disagree with our determinations of value. If the Internal
Revenue Service determines that the value of our investment in
our TRSs was more than 20% of the value of our total assets at
the close of any calendar quarter, we could lose our REIT status.
Our TRSs earn income from activities that are prohibited for
REITs and owe income taxes on the taxable income from these
activities. For example, our TRSs earn income from loan
origination and sales activities, as well as from other
origination and servicing functions, which would generally not
be qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests
applicable to REITs or might otherwise be subject to adverse tax
liability if the income were generated by a REIT.
We may, at some point in the future, borrow funds from one or
more of our TRSs. Although any such intercompany borrowings will
be structured so as to constitute indebtedness for all tax
purposes, no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue
Service will not challenge such arrangements, in which case the
borrowing may be characterized as a dividend distribution to us
by our TRS. Any such characterization may cause us to fail one
or more of the REIT requirements.
Even if we continue to qualify as a REIT, we may nevertheless be
subject to taxes (and possibly excise taxes) on undistributed
income, net income from certain prohibited transactions
(including certain transactions between us and our TRSs), and
state and local taxes. Prohibited transactions could include
transactions in which loans are sold by our QRS rather than by
our TRSs. In addition, in the event that any transactions
between us or our QRS and our TRSs are determined not to be on
an arms-length basis, we could be subject to excise taxes
on such transactions. We believe that all such transactions are
conducted on an arms-length basis, but there can be no
assurance that the Internal Revenue Service will not
successfully contest the arms-length nature of such
transactions or that we will otherwise be able to avoid
application of excise taxes or other additional taxes. Any such
taxes could affect our overall profitability and the amounts of
distributions to our stockholders.
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Our management has limited experience operating a REIT and
we cannot assure you that our managements past experience
will be sufficient to successfully manage our business as a
REIT. |
The requirements for qualifying as a REIT are highly technical
and complex. We have limited experience as a REIT and our
management has limited experience in complying with the income,
asset and other limitations imposed by the REIT provisions of
the Internal Revenue Code. The REIT provisions are complex and
the failure to comply with those provisions in a timely manner
could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT or could force us to
pay unexpected taxes and penalties. In such event, our net
income would be substantially reduced, and we could incur a
loss, which could materially harm our results of operation,
financial condition and business prospects.
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Risks Related to Our Capital Stock
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Various factors may cause the market price of our capital
stock to become volatile, which could harm our ability to access
the capital markets in the future. |
The following factors, many of which are beyond our control,
could contribute to the volatility of the price of our capital
stock:
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actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results; |
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changes in our level of dividend payments; |
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changes in the value of our mortgage holdings and related
liabilities; |
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changes in the prospects for, or results from, our mortgage
holdings, mortgage origination or mortgage servicing businesses; |
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new products or services offered by us or our subsidiaries and
our competitors; |
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our actual results being different from our earnings guidance or
other projections; |
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changes in projections of our financial results by securities
analysts; |
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general conditions or trends in the mortgage holding, mortgage
origination and mortgage servicing businesses; |
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announcements by us of significant acquisitions, strategic
relationships, investments or joint ventures; |
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negative changes in the publics perception of the
prospects for returns from holding mortgage-backed securities
and from the mortgage origination and servicing businesses,
which could depress our stock price, regardless of actual
results; |
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interest rate fluctuations or general economic conditions, such
as inflation or a recession; |
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any obstacles in continuing to qualify as a REIT, including
obstacles due to changes in law applicable to REITs; |
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additions or departures of our key personnel; and |
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issuing new securities pursuant to this offering or otherwise. |
This volatility may make it difficult for us to access the
capital markets through additional secondary offerings of our
common stock and additional preferred stock offerings,
regardless of our financial performance, and such difficulty may
preclude us from being able to take advantage of certain
business opportunities or meet our obligations, which could, in
turn, harm our results of operations, financial condition and
business prospects.
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There may be substantial sales of our common stock after
an offering, which would cause a decline in our stock
price. |
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public
market following an offering of our securities, or the
perception that such sales could occur, could have a material
adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
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The amount of our dividends may be less than
projected. |
The amount of any dividend paid by us will depend on a number of
factors, including the amount of income generated from our
mortgage holdings, the amount of income generated from our
mortgage origination and servicing businesses and the amount of
such earnings retained by our TRSs to provide for future growth.
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Our ability to pay our dividends depends upon the
availability of funds and our actual operating results. If funds
are not available or our actual operating results are below our
expectations, we may need to sell assets or borrow funds to pay
these distributions. |
Dividends or distributions on shares of our securities may
reduce the funds of our company that are legally available for
payment of future dividends on any outstanding common or
preferred stock. In addition, if we do not generate sufficient
cash flow from ongoing operations (including principal payments
and interest payments on our mortgage-backed securities) to fund
our dividends, we may need to sell mortgage-backed securities or
borrow funds by entering into repurchase agreements or otherwise
borrowing funds under our lines of credit to pay the
distributions. If we were to borrow funds on a regular basis to
make distributions in excess of operating cash flow, it is
likely that our operating results and our stock price would be
adversely affected.
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Our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of
additional shares that may cause dilution and may depress the
price of our common stock. |
Our charter permits our Board of Directors, without your
approval, to:
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authorize the issuance of additional common or preferred stock
in connection with future equity offerings, acquisitions of
securities or other assets of companies; and |
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classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred
stock and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of the
classified or reclassified shares, including the issuance of
shares of preferred stock that have preference rights over the
common stock with respect to dividends, liquidation, voting and
other matters or shares of common stock that have preference
rights over your common stock with respect to voting. |
The issuance of additional shares of our common stock could be
substantially dilutive to your shares and may depress the price
of our common stock.
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Due to an exception to the stock ownership limitations
applicable to our status as a REIT, Michael Strauss holds a
significant percentage of our outstanding securities. |
Under our charter, AHM Holdings founder, our Chief
Executive Officer and President, Michael Strauss, is exempted
from the general ownership limitation that applies to holders of
our securities in connection with maintaining our status as a
REIT and is permitted to beneficially own up to 20% of the value
of the total number of our outstanding common and preferred
shares of stock. As of September 30, 2004, Mr. Strauss
beneficially owned approximately 10.55% of our outstanding
common stock. Accordingly, Mr. Strauss has the ability to
influence any of our affairs requiring stockholder approval,
including, for example, the election and removal of directors,
amendments to our charter and approval of significant corporate
transactions.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the
securities offered by us for general corporate purposes, which
may include, among other things, working capital, investing in
mortgage-backed securities, acquisitions and capital
expenditures. We may temporarily invest funds that are not
immediately needed for these purposes in short-term marketable
securities or use them to make payments on our borrowings.
Additional information on the use of proceeds from the sale of
securities offered by this prospectus may be set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement relating to such offering.
22
RATIO INFORMATION
The ratio of earnings to fixed charges was calculated by
dividing the sum of fixed charges into the sum of earnings
before taxes and minority interests plus fixed charges and
distributed income of equity investees. Fixed charges consist of
interest expense and certain other expenses. Equity investees
are investments that we account for using the equity method of
accounting.
The table below sets forth the ratio of earnings to fixed
charges for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1999,
December 31, 2000, December 31, 2001,
December 31, 2002, December 31, 2003 and for the nine
months ended September 30, 2004.
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Nine Months Ended | |
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Years Ended December 31, | |
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1999 | |
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2000 | |
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2004 | |
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Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
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1.95 |
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1.48 |
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2.07 |
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2.95 |
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2.84 |
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1.52 |
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The ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred
stock dividends was calculated by dividing the sum of fixed
charges and preferred stock dividends into the sum of earnings
before taxes and fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of
interest expense and certain other expenses. Preferred stock
dividends represent the pre-tax earnings necessary to cover the
dividends on our preferred stock, assuming such earnings are
taxed at our consolidated effective tax rate.
The table below sets forth the ratio of earnings to combined
fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the nine months
ended September 30, 2004.
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Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock
dividends(1)
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1.51 |
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(1) |
We did not have any preferred stock outstanding prior to the
initial issuance of our Series A Preferred Stock on
July 7, 2004. |
23
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities being offered hereby from time to
time in one or more of the following methods:
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to underwriters or dealers, who may act directly or through a
syndicate represented by one or more managing underwriters; |
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through broker-dealers we have designated to act on our behalf
as agents; |
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directly to one or more purchasers; |
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through a number of direct sales or auctions performed by
utilizing the Internet or a bidding or ordering system; or |
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through a combination of any of these methods of sale or by any
other legally available means. |
We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or
more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be
changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at
prices related to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated
prices.
Each prospectus supplement will set forth the manner and terms
of an offering of securities, including:
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whether that offering is being made to underwriters or through
agents or directly; |
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the rules and procedures for any auction or bidding process, if
used; |
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the securities purchase price or initial public offering
price; and |
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the proceeds we anticipate from the sale of the securities. |
We may enter into derivative or other hedging transactions with
financial institutions. These financial institutions may in turn
engage in sales of securities to hedge their position, deliver
this prospectus in connection with some or all of those sales
and use the securities covered by this prospectus to close out
any loan of securities or short position created in connection
with those sales.
We may effect sales of securities in connection with forward
sale agreements with third parties. Any distribution of
securities pursuant to any forward sale agreement may be
effected from time to time in one or more transactions that may
take place through the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE,
including block trades or ordinary brokers transactions,
or through broker-dealers acting either as principal or agent,
or through privately negotiated transactions, or through an
underwritten public offering, or through a combination of any
such methods of sale, at market prices prevailing at the time of
sale, at prices relating to such prevailing market prices or at
negotiated or fixed prices.
We may also sell securities short using this prospectus and
deliver securities covered by this prospectus to close out any
loan of securities or such short positions, or loan or pledge
securities to financial institutions that in turn may sell the
securities using this prospectus.
We may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the
securities covered by this prospectus to support a derivative or
hedging position or other obligation and, if we default in the
performance of our obligations, the pledgees or secured parties
may offer and sell the securities from time to time pursuant to
this prospectus.
Sales Through Underwriters
If we use underwriters in the sale, such underwriters will
acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters
may resell the securities, either directly to the public or to
securities dealers, at various times in one or more
transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed
public offering price or at varying prices determined at the
time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase
the securities will be subject to certain conditions. Unless
indicated otherwise in a prospectus supplement, the
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underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities of
the series offered if any of the securities are purchased.
Any initial public offering price and any concessions allowed or
reallowed to dealers may be changed intermittently.
Sales Through Agents
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, when securities are sold through an agent, the
designated agent will agree, for the period of its appointment
as agent, to use its best efforts to sell the securities for our
account and will receive commissions from us as will be set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Securities bought in accordance with a redemption or repayment
under their terms also may be offered and sold, if so indicated
in the applicable prospectus supplement, in connection with a
remarketing by one or more firms acting as principals for their
own accounts or as agents for us. Any remarketing firm will be
identified and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and
its compensation will be described in the prospectus supplement.
Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection
with the securities remarketed by them.
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will
authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers by
certain specified institutions to purchase securities at the
public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement
pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and
delivery on a future date specified in the prospectus
supplement. These contracts will be subject only to those
conditions set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement,
and the prospectus supplement will set forth the commissions
payable for solicitation of these contracts.
Direct Sales
We may also sell offered securities directly as principal for
our own account. In this case, no underwriters or agents would
be involved.
Sales Through the Internet
We may from time to time offer securities directly to the
public, with or without the involvement of agents, underwriters
or dealers, and may utilize the Internet or another electronic
bidding or ordering system for the pricing and allocation of
such securities. Such a system may allow bidders to directly
participate, through electronic access to an auction site, by
submitting conditional offers to buy that are subject to
acceptance by us, and which may directly affect the price or
other terms at which such securities are sold.
Such a bidding or ordering system may present to each bidder, on
a real-time basis, relevant information to assist you in making
a bid, such as the clearing spread at which the offering would
be sold, based on the bids submitted, and whether a
bidders individual bids would be accepted, prorated or
rejected. Other pricing methods may also be used. Upon
completion of such an auction process, securities will be
allocated based on prices bid, terms of bid or other factors.
The final offering price at which securities would be sold and
the allocation of securities among bidders would be based in
whole or in part on the results of the Internet bidding process
or auction. Many variations of the Internet auction or pricing
and allocation systems are likely to be developed in the future,
and we may utilize such systems in connection with the sale of
securities. The specific rules of such an auction would be
distributed to potential bidders in an applicable prospectus
supplement.
If an offering is made using such a bidding or ordering system
you should review the auction rules, as described in the
prospectus supplement, for a more detailed description of such
offering procedures.
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General Information
Broker-dealers, agents or underwriters may receive compensation
in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us
and/or the purchasers of securities for whom such
broker-dealers, agents or underwriters may act as agents or to
whom they sell as principal or both (this compensation to a
particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary
commissions).
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in any
distribution of the offered securities may be deemed
underwriters within the meaning of the Securities
Act and any discounts or commissions they receive in connection
with the distribution may be deemed to be underwriting
compensation. Those underwriters and agents may be entitled,
under their agreements with us, to indemnification by us against
certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act, or to contribution by us to payments that they
may be required to make in respect of those civil liabilities.
Various of those underwriters or agents may be customers of,
engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us or our
affiliates in the ordinary course of business. We will identify
any underwriters or agents, and describe their compensation, in
a prospectus supplement.
We will file a supplement to this prospectus, if required,
pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, if we
enter into any material arrangement with a broker, dealer, agent
or underwriter for the sale of securities through a block trade,
special offering, exchange distribution or secondary
distribution or a purchase by a broker or dealer. Such
prospectus supplement will disclose:
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the name of any participating broker, dealer, agent or
underwriter; |
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the number and type of securities involved; |
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the price at which such securities were sold; |
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any securities exchanges on which such securities may be listed; |
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the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to any
such broker, dealer, agent or underwriter where
applicable; and |
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other facts material to the transaction. |
In order to facilitate the offering of certain securities under
this prospectus or an applicable prospectus supplement, certain
persons participating in the offering of those securities may
engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise
affect the price of those securities during and after the
offering of those securities. Specifically, if the applicable
prospectus supplement permits, the underwriters of those
securities may over-allot or otherwise create a short position
in those securities for their own account by selling more of
those securities than have been sold to them by us and may elect
to cover any such short position by purchasing those securities
in the open market.
In addition, the underwriters may stabilize or maintain the
price of those securities by bidding for or purchasing those
securities in the open market and may impose penalty bids, under
which selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other
broker-dealers participating in the offering are reclaimed if
securities previously distributed in the offering are
repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions or
otherwise. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize
or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above
that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. The
imposition of a penalty bid may also affect the price of
securities to the extent that it discourages resales of the
securities. No representation is made as to the magnitude or
effect of any such stabilization or other transactions. Such
transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
This prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any
applicable pricing supplement in electronic format may be made
available on the Internet sites of, or through other online
services maintained by, us and/or one or more of the agents
and/or dealers participating in an offering of securities, or by
their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may be
able to view offering terms online and, depending upon the
particular agent or dealer, prospective investors may be allowed
to place orders online.
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Other than this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement
and any applicable pricing supplement in electronic format, the
information on our or any agents or dealers website
and any information contained in any other website maintained by
any agent or dealer:
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is not part of this prospectus, the applicable prospectus
supplement and any applicable pricing supplement or the
Registration Statement of which they form a part; |
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has not been approved or endorsed by us or by any agent or
dealer in its capacity as an agent or dealer, except, in each
case, with respect to the respective website maintained by such
entity; and |
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should not be relied upon by investors. |
There can be no assurance that we will sell all or any of the
securities offered by this prospectus.
27
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following summary discusses the material terms of our
capital stock. This summary does not purport to be a complete
description of our capital stock and you should not rely on it
as if it were. We have filed complete copies of our charter,
bylaws and articles supplementary establishing and fixing the
rights and preferences of our Series A Preferred Stock and
Series B Preferred Stock with the SEC and are incorporating
the full text of those documents by reference. We encourage you
to read each of those documents in its entirety.
Our charter provides that we may issue up to
110,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of
100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value
$0.01 per share, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred
stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of September 30,
2004, there were 40,184,333 shares of our common stock,
issued and outstanding. As of December 15, 2004, there were
2,150,000 shares of our 9.75% Series A Preferred Stock
and 3,000,000 shares of our 9.25% Series B Preferred
Stock, issued and outstanding. There are currently no other
classes or series of preferred stock authorized or outstanding.
We are a Maryland corporation governed by the Maryland General
Corporation Law, which is referred to in this prospectus as the
MGCL. Under Maryland law, stockholders generally are
not responsible for a corporations debts or obligations.
Common Stock
Our charter authorizes the issuance of up to
100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value
$0.01 per share, of which 40,184,333 shares were
outstanding as of September 30, 2004. Each stockholder is
entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. There is no
cumulative voting for election of directors. Accordingly, the
holders of a majority of the shares voted can elect all of the
nominees for director. Except as otherwise provided by law,
holders of shares of our common stock vote together as a single
class. Holders of shares of our common stock have no preemptive
or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no
redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common
stock. All shares of common stock will, when issued, be fully
paid and non-assessable.
Shares of our common stock are subject to restrictions upon
their ownership and transfer that were adopted for the purpose
of enabling us to preserve our status as a REIT. For a
discussion of those restrictions, see
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
below.
Dividends. Subject to the preferences of any
series of preferred stock that may at times be outstanding, if
any, holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled
to receive dividends when, as, and if declared by our Board of
Directors out of funds legally available for dividends and, if
we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, are entitled to share ratably
in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities and payment
of accrued dividends and liquidation preferences on the
preferred stock, if any. We intend to make regular quarterly
distributions to our stockholders. In order to qualify as a REIT
for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must distribute to
our stockholders annually at least 90% of our taxable income,
excluding the retained earnings of our taxable REIT
subsidiaries. Any profits attributable to the businesses of such
taxable REIT subsidiaries will be fully subject to corporate
income tax, and after-tax net income of these subsidiaries may
be retained by the subsidiary or distributed up to us as the
parent corporation. Although we generally intend to distribute
to our stockholders each year an amount equal to 90% of our REIT
taxable income for that year, distributions paid by us will be
at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on
our actual cash flow, financial condition, capital requirements,
our desire to retain earnings of our taxable subsidiaries to
sustain future growth, the annual distribution requirement under
the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and other
factors that the Board of Directors deems relevant.
Subject to the MGCL and the rights of holders of any outstanding
preferred stock, holders of our common stock will be entitled to
share dividends equally, share for share.
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Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes the issuance of up to
10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value
$0.01 per share. As of December 15, 2004, there were
2,150,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock and
3,000,000 shares of our Series B Preferred Stock,
issued and outstanding. There are currently no other classes or
series of preferred stock authorized or outstanding. We may
issue, from time to time in one or more series, additional
preferred stock, the terms of which may be determined by our
Board of Directors, without further action by our stockholders,
in the resolution authorizing such series of preferred stock,
and may include voting rights, including the right to vote as a
series on particular matters, preferences as to dividends and
liquidation, conversion rights, redemption rights and sinking
fund provisions. Prior to the issuance of any shares of a new
series of preferred stock, we will file articles supplementary,
designating the number of shares of that series and the terms of
the stock of that series, with the State Department of
Assessments and Taxation of Maryland. Each series of preferred
stock that we issue shall constitute a separate class of stock.
The issuance of any preferred stock could adversely affect the
rights of the holders of common stock and, therefore, reduce the
value of the common stock. The ability of our Board of Directors
to issue preferred stock could discourage, delay or prevent a
takeover or other corporate action.
The description of the terms of a particular preferred stock in
the applicable prospectus supplement will not be complete. You
should refer to the applicable articles supplementary for
complete information regarding a series of preferred stock.
Shares of preferred stock are subject to the restrictions upon
their ownership and transfer contained in our charter and the
applicable articles supplementary for the purpose of enabling us
to preserve our status as a REIT. See
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
below.
The terms of any particular series of preferred stock will be
described in the prospectus supplement relating to that
particular series of preferred stock, including, where
applicable:
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the designation, stated value and liquidation preference of such
preferred stock and the number of shares offered; |
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the offering price; |
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the dividend rate or rates (or method of calculation), the date
or dates from which dividends shall accrue, and whether such
dividends shall be cumulative or noncumulative and, if
cumulative, the dates from which dividends shall commence to
cumulate; |
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any redemption or sinking fund provisions; |
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the amount that shares of such series shall be entitled to
receive in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up; |
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the terms and conditions, if any, on which shares of such series
shall be exchangeable for shares of our stock of any other class
or classes, or other series of the same class; |
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the voting rights, if any, of shares of such series in addition
to those set forth in Voting Rights
below; |
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the status as to reissuance or sale of shares of such series
redeemed, purchased or otherwise reacquired, or surrendered to
us on conversion or exchange; |
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the conditions and restrictions, if any, on the payment of
dividends or on the making of other distributions on, or the
purchase, redemption or other acquisition by us or any
subsidiary, of the common stock or of any other class of our
stock ranking junior to the shares of such series as to
dividends or upon liquidation; |
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the conditions and restrictions, if any, on the creation of
indebtedness of us or of any subsidiary, or on the issue of any
additional stock ranking on a parity with or prior to the shares
of such series as to dividends or upon liquidation; and |
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any additional dividend, liquidation, redemption, sinking or
retirement fund and other rights, preferences, privileges,
limitations and restrictions of such preferred stock. |
The preferred stock will, when issued, be fully paid and
nonassessable. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement, the shares of each series of preferred
stock will upon issuance rank senior to the common stock and on
a parity in all respects with each other outstanding series of
preferred stock. The rights of the holders of our preferred
stock will be subordinate to that of our general creditors.
Dividends. Unless otherwise specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement, before any dividends may be
declared or paid to the holders of shares of our common stock or
of any other of our capital stock ranking junior to any series
of the preferred stock as to the payment of dividends, the
holders of the preferred stock of that series will be entitled
to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors,
out of funds legally available therefor, dividends at such times
and rates as will be specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement. Such rates may be fixed or variable or both. If
variable, the formula used for determining the dividend rate for
each dividend period will be specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement. Dividends will be payable to the holders
of record as they appear on our stock transfer records on such
dates as will be fixed by the Board of Directors.
Dividends, if any, will be paid in the form of cash, shares of
our securities or other property, as may be determined by the
Board of Directors. Dividends on any series of preferred stock
may be cumulative or noncumulative, as specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement. Dividends, if cumulative, will
be cumulative from and after the date set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. If the Board of Directors
fails to declare a dividend payable on a dividend payment date
on any series of preferred stock for which dividends are
noncumulative, then the holders of the preferred stock of that
series will have no right to receive a dividend in respect of
the dividend period relating to such dividend payment date, and
we will have no obligation to pay the dividend accrued for such
period, whether or not dividends on that series are declared or
paid on any future dividend payment dates.
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred
stock will specify the conditions and restrictions, if any, on
the payment of dividends or on the making of other distributions
on, or the purchase, redemption or other acquisition by us or
any of our subsidiaries of, the common stock or of any other
class of our stock ranking junior to the shares of that series
as to dividends or upon liquidation, and any other preferences,
rights, restrictions and qualifications that are not
inconsistent with our charter.
Liquidation Preference. Unless otherwise specified
in the prospectus supplement relating to a series of preferred
stock, upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up (whether
voluntary or involuntary), the holders of preferred stock of
that series will be entitled to receive out of our assets
available for distribution to our stockholders, whether from
capital, surplus or earnings, the amount specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement for that series, together with
all dividends accrued and unpaid, before any distribution of the
assets will be made to the holders of common stock or any other
class or series of shares ranking junior to that series of
preferred stock upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and
will be entitled to no other or further distribution. If, upon
our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the assets
distributable among the holders of a series of preferred stock
of any series and any other shares of preferred stock (including
any other series of preferred stock) ranking as to any such
distribution on a parity to the given series of preferred stock
shall be insufficient to permit the payment in full to the
holders of that and such other shares and series of preferred
stock of all amounts payable to those holders, then the entire
amount of our assets thus distributable will be distributed
ratably among the holders of that and such other shares and
series of preferred stock in proportion to the respective
amounts that would be payable per share if those assets were
sufficient to permit payment in full. Neither our consolidation,
merger or other business combination with or into any other
individual, firm, corporation or other entity nor the sale,
lease, exchange or conveyance of all or any part of our
property, assets or business will be deemed to be a liquidation,
dissolution or winding up.
Redemption. If so specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement, any series of preferred stock may be
redeemable, in whole or in part, at our option or pursuant to a
retirement or sinking fund or otherwise, on terms and at the
times and the redemption prices specified in that prospectus
supplement. If
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less than all shares of the series at the time outstanding are
to be redeemed, the shares to be redeemed will be selected pro
rata or by lot, in such manner as may be prescribed by
resolution of the Board of Directors. In addition to the
foregoing, and in any event, shares of our preferred stock will
be redeemable under certain circumstances pursuant to the
restrictions and limitations on ownership contained in our
charter and designed to protect our status as a REIT.
Voting Rights. Unless otherwise determined by the
Board of Directors and indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, holders of the preferred stock of that series will
have only the voting rights as set forth in the applicable
articles supplementary.
Other. Our issuance of preferred stock may have
the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control. Our
issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of
earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of
common stock or could adversely affect the rights and powers,
including voting rights, of the holders of common stock. The
issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing
the market price of our common stock.
Certain Effects of Authorized But Unissued Stock
We have shares of common stock and preferred stock available for
future issuance without stockholder approval. We may utilize
these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes,
including future public offerings to raise additional capital,
facilitating corporate acquisitions or paying a dividend on the
capital stock.
The existence of unissued and unreserved common stock and
preferred stock may enable the Board of Directors to issue
shares to persons friendly to current management or to issue
preferred stock with terms that could render more difficult or
discourage a third party attempt to obtain control of our
company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or
otherwise, thereby protecting the continuity of our management.
In addition, if we issue preferred stock, the issuance could
adversely affect the voting power of holders of common stock and
the likelihood that such holders will receive dividend payments
and payments upon liquidation.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
For us to qualify as a REIT under the federal income tax laws,
we must meet certain requirements concerning the ownership of
our outstanding shares of capital stock. Specifically, no more
than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned,
directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals during the
last half of a calendar year. For this purpose, individuals
include natural persons, private foundations, some employee
benefit plans and trusts, and some charitable trusts. In
addition, we must have at least 100 beneficial owners of our
shares of stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year
of twelve months or during a proportionate part of a shorter
taxable year.
To ensure that we meet the stock ownership requirements, subject
to the exemptions and exceptions described below, our charter
provides for restrictions and limitations on the ownership and
transfer of our outstanding stock. Specifically, our charter
provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person shall
own more than (i) 6.5% of the number (or the value of the
total number) of outstanding shares of common stock or common
stock together with preferred stock of any class or series,
(ii) more than 9.8% of either the total number or the value
of the total number of outstanding shares of the Series A
Preferred Stock or (iii) more than 9.8% of either the total
number or the value of the total number of outstanding shares of
the Series B Preferred Stock. A separate ownership limit
may be imposed on any class or series of preferred stock, if, as
and when the terms of such class or series are established by
the Board of Directors. Our charter permits the Board to waive
with respect to any person the 6.5% ownership limit or to
establish a new, less restrictive, ownership limit, called an
excepted holder limit in the charter, for any person.
In addition, our charter provides that Michael Strauss is
excepted from the general limitations on the ownership of our
securities, described above. Instead, Mr. Strauss is
permitted to beneficially own up to 20% of the value of the
total number of outstanding shares of our common and preferred
stock.
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Our charter provides that any purported transfer of shares of
common stock or preferred stock which would:
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result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, common
stock or preferred stock in excess of the applicable ownership
limits as described above; |
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result in our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer
than 100 persons, determined without reference to any rules of
attribution; or |
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result in our company being closely held within the
meaning of the U.S. federal tax laws (or otherwise failing
to qualify as a REIT); |
will be void, or that, if notwithstanding the other provisions
of the charter, there occurs a transfer or other event which
would have any of the results described in the bullet points
above, then that number of shares of common stock or preferred
stock necessary to avoid such occurrence will be automatically
transferred to one or more trusts, effective on the day before
the purported transfer, and the person who would have otherwise
been the holder or transferee of such shares will cease to own
or will not acquire any right to such shares.
The record holder of the shares of common stock or preferred
stock that are transferred to a trust will be required to submit
the stock to us for registration in the name of the trust. We
will designate a trustee of the trust that is not affiliated
with us. The beneficiary of the trust will be one or more
charitable organizations that we select.
Shares in the trust will remain issued and outstanding and will
be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other
shares of the same class or series. The trustee will receive all
dividends and distributions on the shares and will hold those
dividends or distributions in trust for the benefit of the
beneficiary. The trustee will vote all shares in the trust. The
trustee will designate a permitted transferee of the shares,
provided that the permitted transferee purchases the shares for
valuable consideration and acquires the shares without the
acquisition resulting in a transfer to another trust.
Our charter provides that the owner of shares in the trust will
be required to repay to the trustee the amount of any dividends
or distributions received by the owner (i) that are
attributable to shares in the trust and (ii) the record
date of which was on or after the date that the shares were
transferred to the trust. The owner generally will receive from
the trustee the lesser of (a) the price per share the owner
paid for the shares in the trust, or, in the case of a gift or
devise, the market price per share on the date of the transfer,
or (b) the price per share received by the trustee from the
sale of the shares in the trust. Any amounts received by the
trustee in excess of the amounts to be paid to the owner will be
distributed to the beneficiary of the trust.
Shares in the trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale
to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser
of (a) the price per share in the transaction that created
the trust, or, in the case of a gift or devise, the market price
per share on the date of the transfer, or (b) the market
price per share on the date that we, or our designee, accept the
offer. We will have the right to accept the offer for a period
of 90 days after the later of (i) the date of the
purported transfer that resulted in the trust, or (ii) the
date we determine in good faith that a prohibited transfer has
occurred.
Our charter provides that any person who acquires or attempts to
acquire common stock or preferred stock in violation of the
restrictions set forth in our charter, or any person who owned
common stock or preferred stock that was transferred to a trust,
is required immediately to give written notice to us of that
event and to provide to us any other information that we may
request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the
transfer on our status as a REIT.
The ownership limits generally will not apply to the acquisition
of common stock or preferred stock by an underwriter that
participates in a public offering of that stock for a period of
30 days. In addition, our Board of Directors may waive
application to any person of the ownership limitations or the
restrictions on transfer set forth in the charter, or may
establish an excepted holder limit for any person.
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The foregoing restrictions will not otherwise be removed until:
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the restrictions are no longer required in order to qualify as a
REIT, and the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer
in our best interests to retain the restrictions; or |
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the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our
best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. |
All certificates representing our common or preferred stock will
bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
All persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 5%, or
any lower percentage as set forth in the federal tax laws, of
our outstanding common stock and preferred stock must, within
30 days after January 1 of each year, provide to us a
written statement or affidavit stating the name and address of
the direct or indirect owner, the number of shares owned
directly or indirectly, and a description of how the shares are
held. In addition, each direct or indirect stockholder must
provide to us any additional information that we request in
order to determine the effect, if any, of such ownership on our
status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the restrictions
on ownership and transfer set forth in our charter.
Certain Provisions Affecting Change in Control
Our charter contains certain provisions that may have the effect
of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of the
Company. For example, in order to maintain qualification as a
REIT, our charter contains restrictions on transfer of our
shares of common stock and a stock ownership limitation. See
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
above. The transfer restrictions and ownership limitation may
discourage a purchase or sale of our shares of common stock that
might result in a change in control.
In addition, our charter allows the Board of Directors to
authorize the issuance of preferred stock with terms and
conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a transaction or change in control that might involve
a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be
in their best interests.
For a description of other provisions of Maryland law and our
charter and bylaws that could have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control, see Risk
Factors Certain provisions of Maryland law and our
charter and bylaws could hinder, delay or prevent a change in
control on page 17 of this prospectus.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, 59 Maiden
Lane, New York, New York 10038 is the transfer agent and
registrar of our common stock, our Series A Preferred Stock
and our Series B Preferred Stock.
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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
This section describes certain general terms and provisions of
the debt securities to which any prospectus supplement may
relate. The particular terms of any debt securities offered by a
prospectus supplement, and the extent to which these general
terms and provisions will not apply to the particular series of
debt securities being offered, will be described in the
prospectus supplement relating to that particular series of debt
securities.
We may offer debt securities for an aggregate principal amount
of up to $761,875,000 under this prospectus. As of the date of
this prospectus, we have not issued any debt securities.
The debt securities that we may issue will constitute
debentures, notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness of
the Company, to be issued in one or more series, which may
include senior debt securities, subordinated debt securities and
senior subordinated debt securities. The particular terms of any
series of debt securities we offer, including the extent to
which the general terms set forth below may be applicable to a
particular series, will be described in a prospectus supplement
relating to such series.
Debt securities that we may issue will be issued under the
indenture between us and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas,
as trustee. This prospectus refers to Deutsche Bank Trust
Company Americas as the trustee. We have filed the form of the
indenture with the SEC as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which this prospectus is a part. If we enter into
any indenture supplement, we will file a copy of that supplement
with the SEC.
THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION IS A SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL
PROVISIONS OF THE INDENTURE. IT DOES NOT RESTATE THE INDENTURE
IN ITS ENTIRETY. THE INDENTURE IS GOVERNED BY THE TRUST
INDENTURE ACT OF 1939. THE TERMS OF THE DEBT SECURITIES INCLUDE
THOSE STATED IN THE INDENTURE AND THOSE MADE PART OF THE
INDENTURE BY REFERENCE TO THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT. The following
summaries of material provisions of the debt securities and
indenture are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by
reference to, all the provisions of the indenture applicable to
a particular series of debt securities.
Unless otherwise set forth in an indenture supplement and
described in a prospectus supplement, our subsidiaries will have
no direct obligation to pay amounts due on the debt securities.
The debt securities effectively will be subordinated to all
existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our
subsidiaries. Such indebtedness would effectively rank senior to
the debt securities. The indenture permits us and our
subsidiaries to incur substantial amounts of additional
indebtedness and other liabilities. Any rights of the Company
and our creditors, including the holders of debt securities, to
participate in the assets of any of our subsidiaries upon any
liquidation or reorganization of any such subsidiary will be
subject to the prior claims of that subsidiarys creditors,
including trade creditors, and the holders of any preferred
stock of that subsidiary.
Information You Will Find In The Prospectus Supplement
The indenture provides that we may issue debt securities from
time to time in one or more series. The indenture does not limit
the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that can be
issued thereunder. The prospectus supplement for a series of
debt securities will provide information relating to the terms
of the series of debt securities being offered, which may
include:
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the title and denominations of the debt securities of the series; |
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any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt
securities of the series; |
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the date or dates on which the principal and premium, if any,
with respect to the debt securities of the series are payable or
the method of determination thereof; |
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the interest rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) on
the debt securities of the series (if any) or the method of
determining such rate or rates; |
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the interest payment dates for the series of debt securities or
the method by which such date will be determined, the terms of
any deferral of interest and any right of ours to extend the
interest payments periods; |
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the place or places where the principal and interest on the
series of debt securities will be payable; |
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the terms and conditions upon which debt securities of the
series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option or
otherwise; |
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our obligation, if any, to redeem, purchase, or repay debt
securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or at the
option of the holders and the terms of any such redemption,
purchase, or repayment; |
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the terms, if any, upon which the debt securities of the series
may be convertible into or exchanged for other securities,
including, among other things, the initial conversion or
exchange price or rate and the conversion or exchange period; |
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if the amount of principal, premium, if any, or interest with
respect to the debt securities of the series may be determined
with reference to an index or formula, the manner in which such
amounts will be determined; |
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any changes or additions to the provisions of the indenture
dealing with defeasance, including any additional covenants that
may be subject to our covenant defeasance option securities; |
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the portion of the principal amount of debt securities of the
series which will be payable upon declaration of acceleration or
provable in bankruptcy; |
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whether we will be restricted from incurring any additional
indebtedness; |
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whether the debt securities of the series will be secured or
guaranteed and, if so, on what terms; |
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a discussion on any material or special U.S. federal income
tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; |
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any addition to or change in the events of default with respect
to the debt securities of the series and any change in the right
of the trustee or the holders to declare acceleration; |
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any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents
or registrars; |
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the applicability of, and any addition to or change in, the
covenants currently set forth in the indenture or in the terms
relating to permitted consolidations, mergers, or sales of
assets; |
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the subordination, if any, of the debt securities of the series
and terms of the subordination; and |
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any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of,
or restrictions on, the debt securities. |
Holders of debt securities may present debt securities for
exchange in the manner, at the places, and subject to the
restrictions set forth in the debt securities and the prospectus
supplement. Holders of debt securities may present debt
securities for transfer in the manner, at the places, and
subject to the restrictions set forth in the debt securities and
the prospectus supplement. We will provide these services
without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge
payable in connection therewith, but subject to the limitations
provided in the indenture and the applicable indenture
supplement. Debt securities in bearer form and the coupons, if
any, appertaining thereto will be transferable by delivery.
Senior Debt
We may issue the senior debt securities under the indenture and
any coupons that will constitute part of our senior debt. Unless
otherwise set forth in the applicable indenture supplement and
described in a prospectus supplement, the senior debt securities
will be senior unsecured obligations, ranking equally with all
of our existing and future senior unsecured debt. The senior
debt securities will be senior to all of our subordinated debt
and junior to any secured debt we may incur as to the assets
securing such debt.
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Subordinated Debt
We may issue subordinated debt securities under the indenture
and any coupons that will constitute part of our subordinated
debt. These subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and
junior in right of payment, to the extent and in the manner set
forth in the indenture and the applicable indenture supplement,
to all of our senior indebtedness. Senior
indebtedness includes our obligations and obligations
guaranteed or assumed by us for borrowed money or evidenced by
bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments, in each
case, identified by our Board of Directors as senior
indebtedness. Senior indebtedness does not include
subordinated debt securities, including senior subordinated debt
securities, or any other obligations specifically designated as
being subordinate in right of payment to senior indebtedness.
In general, the holders of all senior indebtedness are entitled
to receive payment of the full amount unpaid on senior
indebtedness before the holders of any of the subordinated debt
securities or coupons are entitled to receive a payment on
account of the principal or interest on the indebtedness
evidenced by the subordinated debt securities upon the
occurrence of certain events. These events include:
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any insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership, liquidation,
dissolution, reorganization or other similar proceedings which
concern us or a substantial part of our property; |
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except as provided in the indenture, any default on the payment
of principal, premium, if any, or interest on or other monetary
amounts due and payable on any senior indebtedness has not been
paid within the applicable grace period; |
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any other default on senior indebtedness occurs and the maturity
of such senior indebtedness is accelerated in accordance with
its terms, and unless either (a) such default shall have
been cured or waived and any such acceleration shall have been
rescinded or (b) such senior indebtedness shall have been
paid in full; and |
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the principal of, and accrued interest on, any series of the
subordinated debt securities having been declared due and
payable upon an event of default contained in the indenture. |
If this prospectus is being delivered in connection with a
series of subordinated debt securities, the accompanying
prospectus supplement or the information incorporated by
reference will set forth the approximate amount of senior
indebtedness outstanding as of the end of the most recent fiscal
quarter.
Senior Subordinated Debt
We may issue the senior subordinated debt securities under the
indenture and any coupons that will constitute part of our
senior subordinated debt. These senior subordinated debt
securities will be, to the extent and in the manner set forth in
the indenture, subordinate and junior in right of payment to all
of our senior indebtedness and senior to our other
subordinated debt. See the discussions above under
Senior Debt and
Subordinated Debt for a more detailed
explanation of our senior and subordinated indebtedness.
Interest Rate
Debt securities that bear interest will do so at a fixed rate or
a floating rate. We may sell, at a discount below the stated
principal amount, any debt securities which bear no interest or
which bear interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is
below the prevailing market rate. The relevant prospectus
supplement will describe the special U.S. federal income
tax considerations applicable to:
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any discounted debt securities; and |
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any debt securities issued at par which are treated as having
been issued at a discount for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. |
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Registered Global Securities
We may issue registered debt securities of a series in the form
of one or more fully registered global securities. We will
deposit the registered global security with a depositary or with
a nominee for a depositary identified in the prospectus
supplement relating to such series. The global security or
global securities will represent and will be in a denomination
or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate
principal amount of outstanding registered debt securities of
the series to be represented by the registered global security
or securities. Unless it is exchanged in whole or in part for
debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered
global security may not be transferred, except as a whole in
three cases:
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by the depositary for the registered global security to a
nominee of the depositary; |
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by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another
nominee of the depositary; and |
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by the depositary or any nominee to a successor of the
depositary or a nominee of the successor. |
The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt
securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary
arrangement concerning any portion of that series of debt
securities to be represented by a registered global security. We
anticipate that the following provisions will generally apply to
all depositary arrangements.
Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the
depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and
transfer system, the principal amounts of the debt securities
represented by the registered global security to the accounts of
persons that have accounts with the depositary. These persons
are referred to as participants. Any underwriters,
agents or debtors participating in the distribution of debt
securities represented by the registered global security will
designate the accounts to be credited. Only participants or
persons that hold interests through participants will be able to
beneficially own interests in a registered global security. The
depositary for a global security will maintain records of
beneficial ownership interests in a registered global security
for participants. Participants or persons that hold through
participants will maintain records of beneficial ownership
interests in a global security for persons other than
participants. These records will be the only means to transfer
beneficial ownership in a registered global security.
The laws of some states may require that specified purchasers of
securities take physical delivery of the securities in
definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those
persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in
global securities.
So long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered
owner of a registered global security, the depositary or its
nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt
securities represented by the registered global security for all
purposes under the indenture. Except as set forth below, owners
of beneficial interests in a registered global security:
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may not have the debt securities represented by a registered
global security registered in their names; |
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will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of
debt securities represented by a registered global security in
definitive form; and |
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will not be considered the owners or holders of debt securities
represented by a registered global security under the indenture. |
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a
registered global security must rely on the procedures of the
depositary for the registered global security and, if the person
is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant
through which the person owns its interests, to exercise any
rights of a holder under the indenture applicable to the
registered global security.
We understand that, under existing industry practices, if we
request any action of holders, or if an owner of a beneficial
interest in a registered global security desires to give or take
any action which a
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holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the
depositary for the registered global security would authorize
the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to
give or take the action, and the participants would authorize
beneficial owners owning through the participants to give or
take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of
beneficial owners holding through them.
Payment of Interest on and Principal of Registered Global
Securities
We will make principal, premium, if any, and interest payments
on debt securities represented by a registered global security
registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee to the
depositary or its nominee as the registered owner of the
registered global security. None of the Company, the trustee, or
any paying agent for debt securities represented by a registered
global security will have any responsibility or liability for:
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any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on
account of, beneficial ownership interests in such registered
global security; |
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maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to
beneficial ownership interests; |
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the payments to beneficial owners of the global security of
amounts paid to the depositary or its nominee; or |
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any other matter relating to the actions and practices of the
depositary, its nominee or any of its participants. |
We expect that the depositary, upon receipt of any payment of
principal, premium or interest in respect of the global
security, will immediately credit participants accounts
with payments in amounts proportionate to their beneficial
interests in the principal amount of a registered global
security as shown on the depositarys records. We also
expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial
interests in a registered global security held through
participants will be governed by standing instructions and
customary practices. This is currently the case with the
securities held for the accounts of customers registered in
street name. Such payments will be the
responsibility of participants.
Exchange of Registered Global Securities
We may issue debt securities in definitive form in exchange for
the registered global security if both of the following occur:
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the depositary for any debt securities represented by a
registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to
continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act; and |
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we do not appoint a successor depositary within 90 days. |
In addition, we may, at any time, determine not to have any of
the debt securities of a series represented by one or more
registered global securities. In this event, we will issue debt
securities of that series in definitive form in exchange for all
of the registered global security or securities representing
those debt securities.
Covenants by the Company
The indenture includes covenants by us, including, among other
things, that we will make all payments of principal and interest
at the times and places required. The supplemental indenture
with respect to each series of debt securities may contain
additional covenants, including covenants which could restrict
our right and our subsidiaries right to incur additional
indebtedness or liens and to take certain actions with respect
to their respective businesses and assets.
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Events of Default
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus
supplement, the following will be events of default under the
indenture with respect to each series of debt securities issued
under the indenture:
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failure to pay when due any interest on any debt security of
that series, continued for 30 days; |
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failure to pay when due principal of, or premium, if any, on,
any debt security of that series; |
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default in the payment of any sinking fund installment with
respect to any debt security of that series when due and payable; |
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failure to comply with the restrictive covenant prohibiting us
from engaging in certain consolidations, mergers, or transfers
of all or substantially all of our assets; |
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failure to perform any other covenant or agreement of ours under
the indenture or the supplemental indenture with respect to that
series or the debt securities of that series, continued for
60 days after written notice to us by the trustee or
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding debt securities of the series to which the covenant
or agreement relates; |
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certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings
affecting us; and |
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any other event of default specified in any supplemental
indenture under which such series of debt securities are issued. |
Except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or similar
proceedings affecting us and except as provided in the
applicable prospectus supplement, if any event of default shall
occur and be continuing with respect to any series of debt
securities under the indenture, either the trustee or the
holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of
outstanding debt securities of such series may accelerate the
maturity of all debt securities of such series. Upon certain
events of bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings
affecting us, the principal, premium, if any, and interest on
all debt securities of each series shall be immediately due and
payable.
After any such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree
based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of each affected series of debt securities may
waive all defaults with respect to such series and rescind and
annul such acceleration if all events of default, other than the
non-payment of accelerated principal, have been cured, waived or
otherwise remedied.
No holder of any debt securities will have any right to
institute any proceeding with respect to the indenture or for
any remedy under the indenture, unless such holder shall have
previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing
event of default and the holders of at least 25% in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the
relevant series shall have made written request and offered
indemnity satisfactory to the trustee to institute such
proceeding as trustee, and the trustee shall not have received
from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of
the outstanding debt securities of such series a direction
inconsistent with such request and shall have failed to
institute such proceeding within 60 days. However, such
limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of a
debt security for enforcement of payment of the principal of and
premium, if any, or interest on such debt security on or after
the respective due dates expressed in such debt security.
Supplemental Indentures
We and the trustee may, at any time and from time to time,
without notice to or consent of any holders of debt securities,
enter into one or more indentures supplemental to the indenture,
among other things:
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to add guarantees to or secure any series of debt securities; |
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to provide for the succession of another person pursuant to the
provisions of the indenture relating to consolidations, mergers
and sales of assets and the assumption by such successor of our |
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covenants, agreements, and obligations, or to otherwise comply
with the provisions of the indenture relating to consolidations,
mergers, and sales of assets; |
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to surrender any right or power conferred upon us under the
indenture or to add to our covenants further covenants,
restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the
holders of all or any series of debt securities; |
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to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision
contained in the indenture, in any supplemental indenture or in
any debt securities that may be defective or inconsistent with
any other provision contained therein; |
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to modify or amend the indenture in such a manner as to permit
the qualification of the indenture or any supplemental indenture
under the Trust Indenture Act; |
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to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to
change or eliminate any restriction on the payment of principal
or premium with respect to debt securities so long as any such
action does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of
outstanding debt securities of any series in any material
respect; |
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in the case of subordinated debt securities, to make any change
in the provisions relating to subordination that would limit or
terminate the benefits available to any holder of senior
indebtedness under such provisions (but only if such holder of
senior indebtedness consents to such a change); |
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to add to, change, or eliminate any of the provisions of the
indenture with respect to one or more series of debt securities,
so long as any such addition, change or elimination not
otherwise permitted under the indenture shall not apply to any
debt securities of any series created prior to the execution of
such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such
provision; |
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to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a
successor or separate trustee; |
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to establish the form or terms of debt securities of any
series; and |
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to make any change that does not adversely affect the interests
of the holders of outstanding debt securities. |
With the consent of the holders of at least a majority in
principal amount of debt securities of each series affected by
such supplemental indenture (voting as one class), we and the
trustee may enter into one or more supplemental indentures for
the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any
manner or eliminating any of the provisions of the indenture or
modifying in any manner the rights of the holders of debt
securities of each such series.
Notwithstanding our rights and the rights of the trustee to
enter into one or more supplemental indentures with the consent
of the holders of debt securities of the affected series as
described above, no such supplemental indenture shall, without
the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of
the affected series, among other things:
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extend the final maturity of the principal of, or any
installment of interest on, any debt securities; |
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reduce the principal amount of any debt securities or the rate
of interest on any debt securities; |
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change the currency in which any debt securities are payable; |
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release any security interest that may have been granted with
respect to such debt securities; |
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impair the right of the holders to conduct a proceeding for any
remedy available to the trustee; |
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reduce the percentage in principal amount of any series of debt
securities whose holders must consent to an amendment; |
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reduce any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt
securities or change the time at which any debt security may be
redeemed; or |
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make any change that adversely affects the relative rights of
holders of subordinated debt securities with respect to senior
debt securities. |
Satisfaction and Discharge of the Indenture; Defeasance
To the extent set forth in a supplemental indenture with respect
to any series of debt securities, we, at our election, may
discharge the indenture and the indenture shall generally cease
to be of any further effect with respect to that series of debt
securities if (a) we have delivered to the trustee for
cancellation all debt securities of that series (with certain
limited exceptions) or (b) all debt securities of that
series not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation
shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to
become due and payable within one year or are to be called for
redemption within one year, and we have deposited with the
trustee the entire amount sufficient to pay at maturity or upon
redemption all such debt securities.
In addition, we have a legal defeasance option
(pursuant to which we may terminate, with respect to the debt
securities of particular series, all of our obligations under
such debt securities and the indenture with respect to such debt
securities) and a covenant defeasance option
(pursuant to which we may terminate, with respect to the debt
securities of a particular series, our obligations with respect
to such debt securities under certain specified covenants
contained in the indenture). If we exercise our legal defeasance
option with respect to a series of debt securities, payment of
such debt securities may not be accelerated because of an event
of default. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option with
respect to a series of debt securities, payment of such debt
securities may not be accelerated because of an event of default
related to the specified covenants.
We may exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant
defeasance option with respect to the debt securities of a
series only if we irrevocably deposit in trust with the trustee
cash or U.S. government obligations (as defined in the
indenture) for the payment of principal, premium, if any, and
interest with respect to such debt securities to maturity or
redemption, as the case may be. In addition, to exercise either
of our defeasance options, we must comply with certain other
conditions, including the delivery to the trustee of an opinion
of counsel to the effect that the holders of debt securities of
such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal
income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be
subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same
manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such
defeasance had not occurred (and, in the case of legal
defeasance only, such opinion of counsel must be based on a
ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or other change in
applicable federal income tax law).
The trustee will hold in trust the cash or U.S. government
obligations deposited with it as described above and will apply
the deposited cash and the proceeds from deposited
U.S. government obligations to the payment of principal,
premium, if any, and interest with respect to the debt
securities of the defeased series. In the case of subordinated
debt securities, the money and U.S. government obligations
held in trust will not be subject to the subordination
provisions of the indenture.
Mergers, Consolidations and Certain Sales of Assets
We may not:
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consolidate with or merge into any other person or entity or
permit any other person or entity to consolidate with or merge
into us in a transaction in which we are not the surviving
entity, or |
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transfer, lease or dispose of all or substantially all of our
assets to any other person or entity, |
unless:
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the resulting, surviving or transferee entity shall be a
corporation organized and existing under the laws of the United
States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and such
resulting, |
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surviving or transferee entity shall expressly assume, by
supplemental indenture, executed and delivered in form
satisfactory to the trustee, all of our obligations under the
debt securities and the indenture; |
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immediately after giving effect to such transaction (and
treating any indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the
resulting, surviving or transferee entity as a result of such
transaction as having been incurred by such entity at the time
of such transaction), no default or event of default would occur
or be continuing; and |
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we shall have delivered to the trustee an officers
certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such
consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental
indenture (if any) comply with the indenture. |
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus
supplement, and subject to the foregoing, the indenture permits:
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a consolidation, merger, sale of assets or other similar
transaction that may adversely affect our creditworthiness or
that of a successor or combined entity; |
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a change in control; or |
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a highly leveraged transaction involving us, whether or not
involving a change in control, |
and the indenture, therefore, will not protect holders of the
debt securities from the substantial impact that any of the
transactions described above may have on the value of the debt
securities.
Governing Law
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York,
except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and
Stockholders
No director, officer, incorporator or stockholder of the
Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations
of the Company under the debt securities or the indenture or for
any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such
obligations or their creation, solely by reason of their status
as director, officer, incorporator or stockholder of the
Company. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and
releases all such liability, but only such liability. The waiver
and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the
debt securities. Nevertheless, such waiver may not be effective
to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws and it
has been the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against
public policy.
Conversion or Exchange Rights
Any debt securities offered hereby may be convertible into or
exchangeable for shares of our equity or other securities. The
terms and conditions of such conversion or exchange will be set
forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Such terms may
include, among others, the following:
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the conversion or exchange price; |
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the conversion or exchange period; |
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provisions regarding our ability or that of the holder to
convert or exchange the debt securities; |
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events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange
price; and |
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provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our
redemption of such debt securities. |
Information Concerning the Trustee
The trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of
an event of an event of default under the indenture, undertakes
to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in
the indenture.
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Upon an event of default under the indenture, the trustee must
use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise
or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this
provision, the trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of
the powers given it by the indenture at the request of any
holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable
security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities that it might incur.
The indenture contains limitations on the right of the trustee,
should it become a creditor of the Company, to obtain payment of
claims in certain cases or to realize on certain property
received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise.
The trustee may engage in other transactions; however, if it
acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties with
respect to the debt securities, it must eliminate the conflict
or resign as trustee.
Limitations on Issuance of Bearer Debt Securities
Debt securities in bearer form are subject to special
U.S. federal tax requirements and may not be offered, sold,
or delivered within the United States or its possessions or to a
U.S. person, except in certain transactions permitted by
U.S. federal tax regulations. Investors should consult the
relevant prospectus supplement in the event that bearer debt
securities are issued for special procedures and restrictions
that will apply to such an offering.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
The following description, together with any information we may
include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the
material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer
under this prospectus and the related warrant agreements and
warrant certificates. Although the terms summarized below will
apply generally to any warrants we may offer, we will describe
the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in
the applicable prospectus supplement and such terms may differ
from the terms described below.
General
We may issue, together with other securities or separately,
warrants to purchase our common stock or preferred stock. We
will issue the warrants under warrant agreements to be entered
into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent,
all as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. The
warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with
the warrants of the series being offered and will not assume any
obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any
holders or beneficial owners of warrants.
This section, along with the description in the applicable
prospectus supplement, is a summary of certain provisions of the
forms of warrant agreements and warrant certificates and is not
complete. We urge you to read any applicable warrant agreements
and warrant certificates, because those documents, and not these
descriptions, define your rights as a holder of warrants. We
will file copies of the forms of the warrant agreements and
warrant certificates as exhibits to the Registration Statement
of which this prospectus is a part or an amendment thereto or as
exhibits to a Current Report on Form 8-K.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following
terms, where applicable, of warrants in respect of which this
prospectus is being delivered:
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the title of the warrants; |
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the designation, amount and terms of the securities for which
the warrants are exercisable and the procedures and conditions
relating to the exercise of such warrants; |
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the designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with
which the warrants are to be issued and the number of warrants
issued with each such security; |
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the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
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the aggregate number of warrants; |
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any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of
securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the
exercise price of the warrants; |
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the price or prices at which the securities purchasable upon
exercise of the warrants may be purchased; |
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if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the
securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be
separately transferable; |
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if applicable, a discussion of the material U.S. federal
income tax considerations applicable to the warrants; |
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any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and
limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the
warrants; |
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants shall
commence and the date on which the right shall expire; |
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the maximum or minimum number of warrants which may be exercised
at any time; |
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whether the warrants are to be issued in registered or bearer
form; |
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whether the warrants are extendible and the period or periods of
such extendibility; and |
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any. |
Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not
have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable
upon such exercise, including the right to receive dividends, if
any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up
or to exercise voting rights, if any.
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase for
cash the amount of shares of common or preferred stock at the
exercise price as will in each case be set forth in, or be
determinable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus
supplement. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the
close of business on the expiration date set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on
the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
Warrants may be exercised as set forth in the applicable
prospectus supplement relating to the warrants offered thereby.
Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly
completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the
warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable
prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward
the purchased securities. If less than all of the warrants
represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, a new
warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.
The shares of common stock and preferred stock issued upon
exercise of any warrant will be issued subject to the
restrictions and limitations on ownership contained in our
charter and, in the case of preferred stock, the applicable
articles supplementary establishing its terms. See
Description of Capital Stock Restrictions on
Ownership and Transfer beginning on page 31 of this
prospectus.
Enforceability of Rights of Holders of Warrants
Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the
applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation
or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any
warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent
for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have
no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the
applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or
responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise,
or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may,
without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder
of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its
right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon
exercise of, that holders warrant(s).
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CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OUR
STATUS AS A REIT
The following general discussion summarizes the material
U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding our
qualification and taxation as a REIT and material
U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in
our stock. This discussion is based on interpretations of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
Code), regulations issued thereunder, and rulings
and decisions currently in effect (or in some cases proposed),
all of which are subject to change. Any such change may be
applied retroactively and may adversely affect the federal
income tax consequences described herein. This summary addresses
only investors that beneficially own shares of our stock as
capital assets. This summary does not discuss all of the tax
consequences that may be relevant to particular stockholders or
to stockholders subject to special treatment under the federal
income tax laws, such as:
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banks, thrifts, or other financial institutions or insurance
companies; |
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mutual funds, REITs, or regulated investment companies; |
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tax-exempt organizations; |
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insurance companies; |
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dealers or brokers in securities or foreign currencies; |
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traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market
method of accounting; |
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small business investment companies or S corporations; |
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retirement plans or persons holding stock in tax-deferred or
tax-advantaged accounts; |
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investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; |
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certain former citizens or residents of the United States; |
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persons subject to the alternative minimum tax; |
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persons that hold their shares as part of a hedge against
currency risk, appreciated financial position, straddle,
constructive sale or conversion transaction; or |
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holders that acquired their shares upon the exercise of stock
options or otherwise as compensation. |
In connection with an offering of our stock, Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft LLP will render an opinion that we
qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the U.S. federal income
tax laws and that our organization and current and proposed
method of operation will enable us to continue to qualify as a
REIT. Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP has reviewed
the discussion set forth below and is of the opinion that the
statements made in this discussion, to the extent such
statements summarize material U.S. federal tax consequences
of the beneficial ownership of our stock, are correct in all
material respects. Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
LLPs opinion is based on various assumptions, including
that certain factual representations and covenants made by us
are and remain accurate; moreover, the opinion is subject to
limitations, and will not be binding on the Internal Revenue
Service or any court. The Internal Revenue Service may challenge
the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP, and
such a challenge could be successful.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the
specific tax consequences to you of ownership of shares of our
stock and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically,
you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal,
state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of your stock
ownership and our REIT election, and regarding potential changes
in applicable tax laws.
Taxation as a REIT
In our initial tax return, we elected to be taxed as a REIT
under the U.S. federal income tax laws beginning with our
first taxable year ended December 31, 2003. We have been
operating in a manner
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intended to qualify us as a REIT since the beginning of our
first taxable year and we intend to continue to so operate.
Our qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend on our
ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual annual
operating results, the REIT qualification tests set forth in the
federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the
percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the
percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories,
the diversity of our stock ownership and the percentage of our
earnings that we distribute. The REIT qualification tests are
described in more detail below. While Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft LLP has reviewed those matters in
connection with the foregoing opinion, the opinion will not
require that Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP review
our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis.
Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results
of our operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy
those requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of
failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to
Qualify as a REIT below.
As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate
income tax on our net income that is currently distributed to
our stockholders. The REIT provisions generally allow a REIT to
deduct dividends paid to its stockholders. This deduction for
dividends paid substantially eliminates the double
taxation at the corporate and stockholder levels that
generally results from an investment in a corporation. However,
we will be subject to federal tax as follows:
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We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed
REIT taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains.
However, we may elect to treat as having distributed to our
stockholders certain of our capital gains upon which we have
paid taxes, in which event so much of the taxes as have been
paid by us with respect to such income would also be treated as
having been distributed to stockholders. See
Annual Distribution Requirements below. |
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Under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the
alternative minimum tax on our items of tax
preference. |
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If we have: |
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net income from the sale or other disposition of property
acquired through foreclosure, referred to as foreclosure
property, or |
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other nonqualifying income from foreclosure property, |
we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such
income.
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If we have net income from certain sales or other dispositions
of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income
will be subject to a 100% tax. |
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We will also incur a 100% excise tax on any transaction with a
TRS that is not conducted on an arms-length basis. |
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Further, we will pay tax at the highest corporate rate on the
portion of any excess inclusion income that we derive from
residual interests in a real estate mortgage investment conduit
(or REMIC) or from a TMP, as defined below, equal to
the percentage of our stock that is held by disqualified
organizations. Excess inclusion income also may include a
portion of any dividends that we receive from other REITs to the
extent that those dividends are attributable to exclusion income
derived from REMIC residual interests held by those other REITs
or from those other REITs being subject to the TMP rules. A
disqualified organization includes: |
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the United States; |
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any state or political subdivision of the United States; |
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any foreign government; |
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any international organization; |
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any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing; |
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any other tax-exempt organization, other than a farmers
cooperative described in Section 521 of the Code, that is
exempt both from income taxation and from taxation under the
unrelated business taxable income provisions of the
Code; and |
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any rural electrical or telephone cooperative. |
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If we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the
95% gross income test (as discussed below under
Requirements for Qualification as a
REIT Income Tests), but nonetheless maintain
our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements
have been met, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount
equal to: |
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the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by
which we fail the 75% gross income test or the amount by which
90% (95% beginning in 2005) of our gross income exceeds the
amount of our income qualifying for the 95% gross income test,
multiplied by |
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a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
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If we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at
least the sum of: |
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, |
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95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year (other
than capital gain income which we elect to retain and pay tax
on), and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior periods (other than
capital gains from such years which we elected to retain and pay
tax on), |
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we would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such
required distribution over the amounts actually distributed
during such year. |
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If we acquire any asset from a C corporation
(i.e., generally a corporation subject to full corporate level
tax, which includes a TRS) in a transaction in which the basis
of the asset in our hands is determined by reference to the
basis of the asset (or any other property) in the hands of the
C corporation, and we recognize gain on the disposition of
such asset during the 10-year period beginning on the date on
which such asset was acquired by us, then we will be subject to
tax at the highest regular corporate rate on the lesser of: |
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the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or
disposition, and |
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the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold
the asset at the time we acquired the asset. |
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
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(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
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(2) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by
transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of
beneficial interest; |
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(3) that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but
for the special Code provisions applicable to REITs; |
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(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an
insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Code; |
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(5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or
more persons; |
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(6) of which, during the last half of each taxable year,
not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned,
directly or indirectly through the application of certain
attribution rules, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in
the Code to include certain entities); |
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(7) that meets certain other tests described below
(including with respect to the nature of its income and
assets); and |
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(8) that has made an election to be treated as a REIT and
has not been terminated or revoked such election. |
The Code provides that conditions (1) through
(4) above must be met during the entire taxable year, and
that condition (5) must be met during at least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a
proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months.
We made an election with our initial tax return to be treated as
a REIT effective for the taxable year 2003.
We have issued sufficient shares of stock with sufficient
diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements (5) and
(6) above. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership
and transfer of our stock so that we should continue to satisfy
these requirements. The provisions of our charter restricting
the ownership and transfer of stock are described under
Description of Capital Stock in this prospectus.
To monitor our compliance with the share ownership requirements
in (5) and (6) above, we will maintain records
regarding the actual ownership of our stock. To do so, we must
demand written statements each year from our record holders of
certain percentages of our stock, including disclosure of the
actual owners of our stock (i.e., the persons required to
include in gross income our dividends). A list of those persons
failing or refusing to comply with our demand must be maintained
as part of our records. A stockholder who fails or refuses to
comply with our demand must submit a statement with its tax
return disclosing the actual ownership of the stock and certain
other information.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. A corporation that is
a QRS is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent
REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. All assets,
liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a QRS
are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income,
deduction and credit of the REIT. A QRS is a corporation, all of
the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT and that is not
a TRS. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any
QRS that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and
items of income, deduction and credit of the QRS will be treated
as our assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and
credit. Other domestic entities, such as limited liability
companies, that are wholly-owned by us, by any QRS or by any
combination of the two are also generally disregarded as
separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests.
Flow-Through Entities. We will also be deemed to
own our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership or
other entity that is treated as a partnership for tax purposes
(collectively, a flow-through entity) and to earn
our proportionate share of the flow-through entitys income
for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Thus, our
proportionate share of the assets, liabilities and items of
income of any flow-through entity in which we acquire an
interest, directly or indirectly, will be invested as our asset
and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT
qualification tests. There can be no assurance, however, that
any such flow-through entity will be organized or operated in a
manner that will enable us to continue to satisfy the REIT
requirements of the Code.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. We may jointly elect
with any subsidiary corporation, whether or not wholly-owned, to
treat the subsidiary corporation as a TRS. In addition, if a TRS
owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than
35% of the vote or value of a subsidiary corporation, that
subsidiary will also be treated as a TRS. However, an entity
will not qualify as a TRS if it directly or indirectly operates
or manages a lodging or health care facility or, generally,
provides to another person, under a franchise, license or
otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging
facility or healthcare facility is operated. The separate
existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation, unlike a
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disregarded subsidiary (as discussed above), is not disregarded
for federal income tax purposes. Instead, such an entity would
generally be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings,
which may reduce the cash flow generated by us and our
subsidiaries in the aggregate, and hence our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
We are not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or as
receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock
issued by the subsidiary is an asset in our hands, and we would
recognize as income the dividends, if any, that we receive from
the subsidiary. This treatment can affect the income and asset
test calculations that apply to us. Because we do not include
the assets and income of such subsidiary corporations in
determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, such
entities may be used by us to undertake indirectly activities
that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing
directly or through pass-through subsidiaries (for example,
activities that give rise to certain categories of income such
as management fees or foreign currency gains).
We would be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments
that we receive from, or on certain expenses deducted by, our
TRSs if the Internal Revenue Service were to assert successfully
that the economic arrangements between us and our subsidiaries
are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated
parties.
Asset Tests. In order to maintain our
qualification as a REIT, we must, each quarter, satisfy three
tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75%
of the value of our total assets (owned directly, or indirectly
through a QRS or flow-through entity) must be represented by:
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to
acquire real property and leaseholds; |
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interests in mortgages on real property; |
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stock or debt instruments purchased with the proceeds of a stock
offering or long-term (at least five years) public debt issuance
held during the one-year period following the applicable
offering or issuance; |
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cash; |
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cash items, including receivables; |
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U.S. government securities; and |
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equity interests in certain REITs and interests in REMICs.
However, if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of
assets that are qualifying real estate-related assets under the
U.S. federal income tax laws, determined as if we held such
assets, we will be treated as holding directly our proportionate
share of the assets of such REMIC. |
Second, not more than 25% of our total assets (owned directly,
or indirectly through a QRS or flowthrough entity) may consist
of stock or securities other than stock and securities that are
qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset class.
Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the
value of any one issuers securities owned directly or
indirectly by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total
assets, and we may not own directly or indirectly more than 10%
of the total voting power of the outstanding securities or more
than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of any one
issuer. For purposes of the 5% value restriction and the
restriction against ownership of more than 10% of the voting
securities of any issuer, the term securities does
not include stock in another REIT, equity or debt securities of
a QRS or TRS, or equity interests in any partnership. The term
securities, however, generally includes debt
securities issued by another REIT or a partnership, except that
certain straight debt is not treated as securities
for purposes of the 10% value test.
These three tests will not, however, apply to an investment by
us in a TRS. We, AHM Holdings, and each first-tier subsidiary of
AHM Holdings have jointly made an election to treat AHM Holdings
and each such subsidiary as a TRS. The aggregate value of our
TRS stock and securities owned by us cannot,
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in the aggregate, exceed 20% of the value of our total gross
assets (including the TRS stock and securities). We will monitor
at all times the value of our investments in our TRSs for the
purpose of ensuring compliance with the 20% asset test. There
can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply
with the 20% limitation on TRS stock and securities on an
ongoing basis so as to maintain REIT status.
In addition, the mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities
that we own are qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset
test. However, if the outstanding principal balance of a
mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property
securing the loan, a portion of such loan likely will not be a
qualifying real estate asset under the U.S. federal income
tax laws. The non-qualifying portion of that mortgage loan will
be equal to the portion of the loan amount that exceeds the
value of the associated real property. Mezzanine loans owned by
us will be treated as qualifying assets for purposes of the 75%
asset test if certain requirements are satisfied.
Stock in other REITs owned by us will be qualifying assets for
purposes of the 75% asset test. However, if a REIT in which we
own stock fails to qualify as a REIT in any year, the stock in
such REIT will not be a qualifying asset for purposes of the 75%
asset test. Instead, we would be subject to the second and third
asset tests described above with respect to our investment in
such disqualified REIT. Finally, we satisfy and will continue to
satisfy the second and third asset tests with respect to our
stock in non-REIT C corporations. To the extent that we own
debt securities issued by other REITs or C corporations
that are not secured by mortgages on real property, those debt
securities will not be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75%
asset test. Instead, we would be subject to the second and third
asset tests with respect to those debt securities. We monitor
and will continue to monitor closely the purchase, holding and
disposition of our assets in order to comply with the REIT asset
tests. In particular, we intend to limit and diversify the
ownership of our assets so that (i) not more than 25% of
the value of our assets in the aggregate fail to satisfy the 75%
asset test, (ii) not more than 5% of our assets, by value,
are issued by any single issuer (other than a TRS, a QRS or a
flow-through entity), and (iii) we do not own more than 10%
of the outstanding securities of any one issuer (other than a
TRS, a QRS or a flow-through entity), measured by voting power
or by value of such securities. If these limits would be
exceeded, we intend to take appropriate measures, including the
disposition of non-qualifying assets, to avoid exceeding such
limits.
We may securitize mortgage loans and/or mortgage-backed
securities. If we intend to sell the securities received by us
in any such securitization, and such sale would create any
substantial risk that the securities to be sold could be treated
as dealer property, which would subject us to a 100%
tax on any gain, we will engage in the securitization
transactions through one or more TRSs. In this case, the TRSs
may be subject to a 35% corporate tax, but we would not be
subject to any tax. We also may securitize such mortgage assets
through non-REMIC collateralized mortgage transactions, under
which we retain an equity interest in the mortgage-backed assets
used as collateral in the securitization transaction. These
securitizations may cause us to be subject to the taxable
mortgage pool rules.
If we should fail to satisfy any asset test at the end of a
calendar quarter, such a failure would not cause us to lose our
REIT status if:
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we satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding
calendar quarter; and |
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the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset
test requirements arose from changes in the market value of our
assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of
one or more non- qualifying assets. |
If we should fail to satisfy an asset test at the end of a
calendar quarter by reason of an acquisition of securities or
other property during the calendar quarter, we still could avoid
disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within
30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it
arose. Alternatively, if we should fail to satisfy an asset test
as a result of assets with a value that does not exceed the
lesser of 1% of the total value of our assets and $10,000,000
(the de minimis amount), we could avoid
disqualification by disposing of the assets or otherwise
satisfying the asset test within six months. Finally, if
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we fail to satisfy an asset test by reason of assets exceeding
the de minimis amount, we could avoid disqualification if
(i) we satisfy certain identification and filing
requirements, (ii) we dispose of the disqualifying assets
or otherwise satisfy the asset test within six months,
(iii) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not
willful neglect, and (iv) we pay an excise tax equal to the
greater of $50,000 and the product of (x) net income
generated by the disqualifying assets for the period beginning
on the first date of the failure and ending on the date we
dispose of the disqualifying assets or otherwise satisfy the
asset test and (y) the highest rate of corporate tax.
Income Tests. We must also satisfy two gross
income requirements each year. First, at least 75% of our gross
income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of
income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments
relating to real property or mortgages on real property or
temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of
that 75% gross income test generally includes:
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rents from real property; |
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interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property; |
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dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of,
shares in other REITs; |
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gain from the sale of real property or mortgage loans; and |
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interest or dividend income from the investment of the net
proceeds of stock offerings or certain long-term debt issuances
derived during the one-year period following the applicable
offering or issuance. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding
gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year
must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test, TRS dividends, other types of
dividends and interest, gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities, income received in 2004 from certain
hedging transactions, or any combination of the foregoing. Gross
income from fees generally is not qualifying income for purposes
of either gross income test. In addition, gross income from the
sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in
the ordinary course of business is excluded from both the
numerator and the denominator in both income tests. We monitor
the amount of non-qualifying income that our assets produce and
manage our portfolio to comply at all times with the gross
income tests. The following paragraphs discuss the specific
application of the gross income tests to the Company.
Interest Income. The term interest, as
defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally
excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person. However, interest generally
includes the following:
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an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of
receipts or sales; and |
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an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as
long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from
the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially
all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that
the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying
rents from real property if received directly by a
REIT. |
If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a
percentage of the borrowers gain upon the sale of the real
property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation
in the propertys value as of a specific date, income
attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from
the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is
qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on
interests in real property generally is qualifying income for
purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. However, if the
highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable
year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing
the loan as of the date we (or Apex or AHM Holdings, as
applicable) agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion
of the interest income from the loan will not be qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be
qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. The
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portion of the interest income that will not be qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test will be equal
to the portion of the principal amount of the loan that is not
secured by real property.
Interest derived from mezzanine loans will be treated as
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income
tests if certain requirements are satisfied.
Any amount includible in gross income by us with respect to a
regular or residual interest in a REMIC is generally treated as
interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property
for purposes of the 75% gross income test. If, however, less
than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of qualifying real
estate-related assets, we will be treated as receiving directly
our proportionate share of the income of the REMIC, which would
generally include non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75%
gross income test. In addition, if we receive interest income
with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real
property and other property and the principal amount of the loan
exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date
we purchase the mortgage loan, interest income on the loan will
be apportioned between the real property and the other property,
which apportionment would cause us to recognize income that is
not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.
Interest income received with respect to non-REMIC pay-through
bonds and pass-through debt instruments, such as collateralized
mortgage obligations, or CMOs, however, will not be qualifying
income for this purpose.
We believe that the interest, original issue discount and market
discount income that we receive from our mortgage-related assets
generally are qualifying income for purposes of both gross
income tests. However, in the event that we own loans that are
not secured by real property or interests in real property, our
interest income from those loans will be qualifying income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross
income test. In addition, the principal amount of a mortgage
loan that we own may exceed the value of the real property
securing the loan. In that case, as mentioned above, a portion
of the income from the loan will be qualifying income for
purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross
income test. It also is possible that, in some instances, the
interest income from a mortgage loan may be based in part on the
borrowers profits or net income. In that case, generally
all of the income from the loan will generally be non-qualifying
income for purposes of both gross income tests.
To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent
interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the
sale of real property securing the loan, income attributable to
the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of
the underlying real property, which generally will be qualifying
income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests
provided that the real property is not inventory or
dealer property in the hands of the borrower or us.
Dividend Income. In the event that we own stock in
other REITs, the dividends that we receive from those REITs and
our gain on the sale of the stock in those other REITs will be
qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
However, if a REIT in which we own stock fails to qualify as a
REIT in any year, our income from such REIT would be qualifying
income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the
75% gross income test. We may also own stock in non-REIT C
corporations (including TRSs). Our dividend income from stock in
those corporations will be qualifying income for purposes of the
95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test.
Rents from Real Property. To the extent that we
acquire real property or an interest therein, any rent that we
receive from the tenants of that real property will qualify as
rents from real property, which is qualifying income
for purposes of both gross income tests, only if the following
conditions are met:
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First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the
income or profits of any person, but may be based on a fixed
percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. |
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Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more
of our stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of
a tenant from whom we receive rent, other than a TRS in limited
circumstances. |
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Third, if the tenant is a TRS, at least 90% of the leased space
must be rented to persons other than our TRSs and tenants in
which we own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the
ownership |
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interests, and the rent paid by the TRS must be substantially
comparable to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for
comparable space. These rules will not apply if such rents are
received in respect of certain qualified lodging
facilities. |
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Fourth, all of the rent received under a lease of real property
will not qualify as rents from real property unless the rent
attributable to the personal property leased in connection with
the lease is no more than 15% of the total rent received under
the lease. We intend to monitor the properties held by us, by
our QRS or by any flow-through entity in which we hold an
interest to determine that rents attributable to personal
property do not exceed 15% of the total rent with respect to any
particular lease. However, there can be no assurance that the
Internal Revenue Service will not assert that the rent
attributable to personal property with respect to a particular
lease is greater than 15% of the total rent with respect to such
lease. If the Internal Revenue Service were successful, the
rental income would be non-qualifying income. |
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Fifth, we generally must not operate or manage our real property
or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through
a TRS or an independent contractor from whom we do
not derive revenue and who meets certain other requirements
provided in the applicable Treasury Regulations. To the extent
that services (other than those customarily furnished or
rendered in connection with the rental of real property) are
rendered to the tenants of the property by an independent
contractor, the cost of the services must be borne by the
independent contractor. However, we may provide services
directly to our tenants if the services are usually or
customarily rendered in connection with the rental of
space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided
for the tenants convenience. In addition, we may provide a
minimal amount of noncustomary services to the
tenants of a property, other than through an independent
contractor, as long as our actual or deemed income from the
services does not exceed 1% of our income from the related
property. To the extent one of our TRSs provides such
non-customary services to our tenants, we must pay our TRS at
least 150% of the direct cost of providing the services. |
Because properties may be controlled by third parties, the
ability to treat amounts from such property as rents from
real property will be dependent on the actions of others
and will not be within our control. In addition, we generally
may not receive rent directly or indirectly through a QRS or a
flow-through entity that is based in whole or in part on the
income or profits of any person (except by reason of being based
on a percentage of the tenants gross receipts or sales).
While we will regularly attempt to monitor such requirements, no
assurance can be given that we will not realize income directly
or indirectly through a flow-through entity that would not
qualify as rents from real property. In this case,
the income would be non-qualifying income.
Prohibited Transactions. A REIT is subject to a
100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other
disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that
the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our
assets will be held for sale to customers and that a sale of any
of our assets would not be in the ordinary course of our
business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends,
however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to
time, including those related to a particular asset.
Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will avoid owning
property that may be characterized as property that we hold
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business.
Foreclosure Property. We will be subject to tax at
the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure
property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses
directly connected with the production of that income. However,
gross income from foreclosure property will generally qualify
for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure
property is any real property, including interests in real
property, and any personal property incident to such real
property:
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that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid
on the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the
property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of
law, |
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after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of
the property or on indebtedness that the property secured; |
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for which the related loan was acquired by the REIT at a time
when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and |
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for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property
as foreclosure property. |
However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a
property where the REIT takes control of the property as a
mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain
any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property
generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the
third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT
acquired the property, or longer if an extension is granted by
the Secretary of the Treasury. This grace period terminates and
foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the
first day:
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on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its
terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for
purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received
or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered
into on or after that day that will give rise to income that
does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; |
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on which any construction takes place on the property, other
than completion of a building or any other improvement, where
more than 10% of the construction was completed before default
became imminent; or |
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which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT
acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or
business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an
independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive
or receive any income. |
We do not anticipate that we will receive any income from
property acquired through foreclosure that is not qualifying
income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but, if we do
receive this income, we intend to make an election to treat the
related property as foreclosure property.
Hedging Transactions. From time to time, we may
enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of
our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include
entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to
purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. To the
extent that we enter into an interest rate swap or cap contract,
option, futures contract, forward rate agreement or any similar
financial instrument to reduce risks with respect to interest
rates on our indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry
real estate assets, any income or gain from that
contract should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95%
gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. However,
beginning in 2005, such income (as well as income or gain from
similar hedges for currency fluctuations of such debt) will be
excluded income for purposes of calculating the REIT 95% gross
income test if certain requirements are satisfied, but will not
be excluded and will not be qualifying income for purposes of
calculating the 75% gross income test. To the extent that
we hedge with other types of financial instruments, or in other
situations, the income from those transactions is not likely to
be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the gross income
tests.
Other. Loan guarantee fees, origination fees and
income from mortgage servicing and other service contracts will
not qualify for either the 95% or 75% gross income tests if such
income constitutes fees for services rendered by us or is not
treated as interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real
property or on interests in real property for purposes of the
75% gross income test. Commitment fees generally will qualify
for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
We intend to maintain our REIT status by carefully monitoring
our income, including income from dividends, hedging
transactions, services and sales of loans and other assets to
comply with the 75% gross income test and the 95% gross income
test.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests. If we fail
to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for
any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such
year if we are entitled
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to relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief
provisions will be generally available if our failure to meet
such tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful
neglect, we satisfy certain identification and filing
requirements, and any incorrect information on the schedule was
not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It is not possible,
however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be
entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. If these
relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of
circumstances involving us, we will not qualify as a REIT. As
discussed above in Taxation as a REIT,
even where these relief provisions apply, a tax is imposed with
respect to the excess net income.
Annual Distribution Requirements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute
dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our
stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
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the sum of 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed
without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net
capital gain) and 90% of the net income (after tax), if any,
from foreclosure property; minus |
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the sum of certain items of noncash income. |
We must pay these distributions in the taxable year to which
they relate or in the following taxable year if declared before
we timely file our tax return for such year and if paid with or
before the first regular dividend payment after such
declaration. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our
net capital gain or distribute (or are treated as having
distributed) at least 95%, but less than 100%, of our REIT
taxable income as adjusted, we will be subject to tax
thereon at regular corporate tax rates.
Furthermore, if we should fail to distribute during each
calendar year at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; |
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95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year (other than
capital gain income which we elect to retain and pay tax on as
provided for below); and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior periods (other than
capital gains from such years which we elected to retain and pay
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we would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such
required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. We
intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the
annual distribution requirements.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing
differences between:
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the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible
expenses; and |
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the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in
arriving at our REIT taxable income. |
Possible examples of such timing differences include the
following:
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We may have taxable income that exceeds our economic income
because we may deduct capital losses only to the extent of our
capital gains. |
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We will recognize taxable income in advance of the related cash
flow if any of our subordinated mortgage-backed securities or
mortgage loans are deemed to have original issue discount. We
generally must accrue original issue discount based on a
constant yield method that takes into account projected
prepayments but that defers taking into account credit losses
until they are actually incurred. |
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We may be required to recognize the amount of any payment
projected to be made pursuant to a provision in a mortgage loan
that entitles us to share in the gain from the sale of, or the
appreciation in, the mortgaged property over the term of the
related loan using the constant yield method, even though we may
not receive the related cash until the maturity of the loan. |
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We may recognize taxable market discount income when we receive
the proceeds from the disposition of, or principal payments on,
loans that have a stated redemption price at maturity that is
greater than our tax basis in those loans, although such
proceeds often will be used to make nondeductible principal
payments on related borrowings. |
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We may recognize taxable income without receiving a
corresponding cash distribution if we foreclose on or make a
significant modification to a loan, to the extent that the fair
market value of the underlying property or the principal amount
of the modified loan, as applicable, exceeds our basis in the
original loan. |
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Although several types of noncash income are excluded in
determining the annual distribution requirement, we will incur
corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax with respect to those
noncash income items if we do not distribute those items on a
current basis. |
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We may recognize phantom taxable income from any residual
interests in REMICs or retained ownership interests in mortgage
loans subject to collateralized mortgage obligation debt that we
own. |
As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash flow than is
necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid
corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on undistributed
income. In such a situation, we may need to use cash reserves,
borrow funds, sell assets or issue preferred stock or additional
stock.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure
to meet the annual distribution requirements for a year by
paying deficiency dividends to stockholders in a
later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends
paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being
taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however,
we will be required to pay interest based on the amount of any
deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Alternatively, we may attempt to declare a consent dividend (a
hypothetical distribution to stockholders out of our earnings
and profits). The effect of such a consent dividend, to those
stockholders who agree to such treatment, would be that those
stockholders would be treated for federal income tax purposes as
if the amount of the consent dividend had been paid to them in
cash and they had then immediately contributed that amount back
to us as additional paid-in capital. A consent dividend would
result in a deemed taxable distribution but would also increase
the stockholders tax bases in their shares by the amount
of the taxable income recognized.
We may elect to retain rather than distribute our net long-term
capital gains. The effect of such an election is that:
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we are required to pay the tax on such retained gains at regular
corporate tax rates; |
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our stockholders will be required to include in income their
proportionate share of the portion of such retained long-term
capital gain designated by us in a notice mailed to stockholders
and will receive a credit or refund for their share of the tax
paid by us in respect of such designated amount included in
income; and |
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a stockholders basis in its stock would be increased by
the amount of the retained long-term capital gains (minus the
amount of capital gains tax paid by us) included in income by
such stockholder. |
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable
year, and certain relief provisions do not apply, we will be
subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum
tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.
Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to
qualify will not be deductible by us nor will they be required
to be made under the Code. In such event, to the extent of
current and accumulated earnings and profits, corporate
stockholders may be eligible for the dividends
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received deduction and noncorporate U.S. Holders may be
eligible for a reduced income tax rate with respect to such
dividend. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory
provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT
for the four taxable years following the year during which
disqualification occurred. It is not possible to predict whether
in all circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory
relief.
Furthermore, in the event that Apex has failed to qualify for
taxation as a REIT and certain relief provisions do not apply,
we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the
four taxable years following the year during which
disqualification occurred.
Taxable Mortgage Pool Rules
A REIT or a portion of a REIT may be classified as a
taxable mortgage pool, referred to as
TMP, under the Code if (1) substantially all of
the REITs assets (or substantially all of the assets of a
portion of the REIT, such as a QRS or other entity owned by the
REIT) consist of debt obligations (or interests therein),
(2) more than 50% of the REITs (or more than 50% of
the portion of the REITs) investments in debt obligations
are real estate mortgages (or interests therein), (3) the
REIT (or the portion of the REIT) is obligated for debts with
two or more maturities, and (4) the payments required to be
made by the REIT (or the portion of the REIT) on its debt
obligations bear a relationship to the payments received by the
REIT (or the portion of the REIT) from its assets. Under
regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, an
entity whose investments in debt obligations are less than 80%
of its total assets will qualify for a safe harbor and not be
considered a TMP. To the extent we are subject to the TMP rules,
our status as a REIT will not be impaired but a portion of the
taxable income generated by our mezzanine debt and other assets
constituting a taxable mortgage pool may, under regulations to
be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, be characterized
as excess inclusion income and allocated to our
stockholders. Any such excess inclusion income (i) will not
be allowed to be offset by the net operating losses of a
stockholder, (ii) will be subject to tax as unrelated
business taxable income, referred to as UBTI to a
tax-exempt stockholder, (iii) will result in the
application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the
maximum rate (without reduction for any otherwise applicable
income tax treaty) on any excess inclusion income allocable to
Non-U.S. Holders, and (iv) may result in the REIT
having to pay tax on excess inclusion income to the extent the
REITs shareholders are disqualified organizations. (See
Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders
and Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
below.)
Taxation of U.S. Holders
As used in this summary, a U.S. Holder is a
beneficial owner of shares that is:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States
for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
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a corporation (or other entity that is treated as a corporation
for U.S. federal tax purposes) that is created or organized
in or under the laws of the United States or any State thereof
(including the District of Columbia); |
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an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source; or |
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a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise
primary supervision over its administration, and one or more
United States persons have the authority to control all of its
substantial decisions. |
If a partnership (or other entity that is treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes) is a beneficial
owner of shares, the treatment of a partner in the partnership
will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon
the activities of the partnership. A beneficial owner of shares
that is a partnership, and partners in such a partnership,
should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal
income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the shares.
An individual may, subject to certain exceptions, be deemed to
be a resident of the United States for U.S. federal income
tax purposes by reason of being present in the United States for
at least 31 days in
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the calendar year and for an aggregate of at least 183 days
during a three-year period ending in the current calendar year
(counting for such purposes all of the days present in the
current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately
preceding year, and one-sixth of the days present in the second
preceding year).
General. As long as we qualify as a REIT,
distributions made to U.S. Holders out of current earnings
and profits that are not designated as capital gain dividends
will be taken into account by U.S. Holders as ordinary
income and will not be eligible for the dividends received
deduction for corporations. Distributions from the REIT to
noncorporate U.S. Holders may be eligible for a reduced
rate of tax to the extent of (i) the aggregate
qualified dividend income received by the REIT from
its TRSs and other non-REIT corporations, (ii) the excess
of the REITs taxable income for the preceding year over
the tax payable for that preceding year, and (iii) any
amount recognized as built-in gain on property transferred by a
C corporation to the REIT, minus the tax paid by the REIT for
this gain. However, our ordinary REIT dividends will continue to
be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income.
U.S. Holders will not incur tax on a distribution in excess
of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the
distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the
U.S. Holders shares of stock. Instead, the
distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of the
U.S. Holders shares of stock. A U.S. Holder will
recognize a distribution in excess of both our current and
accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. Holders
adjusted basis in the U.S. Holders shares of stock as
long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares
of stock have been held for one year or less. The calculation of
the amount of distributions that are applied against or exceed
adjusted tax basis is on a share-by-share basis.
For purposes of determining whether distributions are made out
of current or accumulated earnings and profits, our earnings and
profits will be allocated first to the preferred stock (pro rata
between series) and then to the common stock. We anticipate that
distributions we pay on the preferred stock will not be in
excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and
therefore that all distributions on the preferred stock will be
taxable to you.
We may recognize taxable income in excess of our economic
income. As a result, U.S. Holders at times may be required
to pay U.S. federal income tax on distributions that
economically represent a return of capital rather than a
dividend. These distributions would be offset in later years by
distributions representing economic income in excess of taxable
income that would be treated as returns of capital for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent we hold
REMIC residual interests or are subject to the TMP rules, any
excess inclusion income will not be allowed to be offset by the
net operating losses of a U.S. Holder. (See
Taxable Mortgage Pool Rules above.)
Distributions that are designated as capital gain dividends will
be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the extent that they do
not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year)
without regard to the period for which the U.S. Holder has
held its stock. Individuals are generally subject to a reduced
rate on long-term capital gains. U.S. Holders that are
corporations may, however, be required to treat up to 20% of
certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income pursuant to
Section 291(d) of the Code.
We may designate a portion of a dividend as a capital gain
dividend. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on any net
long-term capital gain, in which case U.S. Holders would
include in their income as long-term capital gain their
proportionate shares of such retained long-term capital gain to
the extent designated in a notice mailed to stockholders. In
such a case, and to such an extent, a U.S. Holder will
receive a credit or refund and a basis adjustment reflecting the
deemed distribution and deemed payment of taxes by the
U.S. Holder. To the extent that we make distributions in
excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such
distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of
capital to each U.S. Holder, reducing the adjusted basis
which such U.S. Holder has in its shares for tax purposes
by the amount of such distribution (but not below zero), with
distributions in excess of a U.S. Holders adjusted
basis in its shares taxable as capital gains. Dividends declared
by us in October, November or December of any year and payable
to a U.S. Holder of record on a specified date in any such
month shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the
U.S. Holder on December 31 of such year, so long as
the dividend is actually paid by us on or before January 31
of the following calendar year. We will notify
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stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to their
portions of the distributions attributable to that year that
constitute ordinary income, return of capital, and capital gain.
U.S. Holders may not include in their own income tax
returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for
potential offset against our future income. Taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of shares of
our stock will not be treated as passive activity income and,
therefore, U.S. Holders generally will not be able to apply
any passive activity losses (including losses from certain types
of limited partnerships in which the U.S. Holder is a
limited partner) against such income. In addition, taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of shares of
our stock generally will be treated as investment income for
purposes of the investment interest limitations.
A noncorporate U.S. Holder may elect to treat capital gain
dividends, capital gains from the disposition of stock and
income designated as qualified dividend income as investment
income for purposes of the investment interest limitation, in
which case the applicable gains will be taxed at ordinary income
tax rates.
Sale or Exchange of Shares of Stock. Upon a sale
or other disposition of shares, a U.S. Holder will
generally recognize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to
the difference between the amount realized and the
U.S. Holders adjusted basis in such shares, which
gain or loss will be long-term if such shares have been held for
more than one year. To the extent of any long-term capital gain
dividends received by a U.S. Holder, any loss on the sale
or other disposition of shares held by such U.S. Holder for
six months or less will generally be treated as a long-term
capital loss.
Redemption of Shares of Stock. If we redeem all or
a portion of the stock, under section 302 of the Code, the
redemption will be treated as a dividend, generally taxable at
ordinary income tax rates (to the extent of our current and
accumulated earnings and profits), unless the redemption
satisfies one or more of the tests set forth in
section 302(b) of the Code that enable the redemption to be
treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed stock. A
redemption will satisfy these tests if it: (i) is
substantially disproportionate with respect to the
U.S. Holder; (ii) results in a complete
termination of the U.S. Holders interest in all
classes of our stock; or (iii) is not essentially
equivalent to a dividend; all within the meaning of
section 302(b) of the Code. In determining whether any of
these tests have been met, shares considered to be owned by a
U.S. Holder by reason of certain constructive ownership
rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares actually owned,
must generally be taken into account. Because the determination
as to whether any of the alternative tests of
section 302(b) of the Code is satisfied with respect to any
particular U.S. Holder will depend upon the facts and
circumstances as of the time the determination is made,
prospective investors are advised to consult their tax advisors
to determine their tax treatment.
If a redemption of stock is treated as a distribution that is
taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution would be
measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any
property the U.S. Holder receives. The
U.S. Holders adjusted tax basis in the redeemed stock
would, in that case, be transferred to any other stock of ours
that the U.S. Holder owns. If, however, the
U.S. Holder has no other stock of ours, this basis may,
under certain circumstances, be transferred to a related person,
or it may be lost entirely. Under certain proposed regulations,
any tax basis of a redeemed U.S. Holder would be recognized
as a loss by such U.S. Holder upon the occurrence of
certain subsequent events. There can be no assurance that these
proposed Treasury Regulations will be adopted, or that they will
be adopted in their current form.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Holders
Distributions by us to a U.S. Holder that is a tax-exempt
entity generally will not constitute UBTI, so long as the
tax-exempt entity has not financed the acquisition of its shares
with acquisition indebtedness within the meaning of
the Code and the shares are not otherwise used in an unrelated
trade or business of the tax-exempt entity.
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However, a portion of the dividends paid by us may be treated as
UBTI to certain domestic private pension trusts that hold more
than 10% of our stock (a 10% qualified trust) if
(i) at least one 10% qualified trust owns more than 25% of
the value of our stock or (ii) one or more 10% qualified
trusts own in the aggregate more than 50% of the value of our
stock, and we are therefore treated as a pension-held
REIT. We believe that we are not, and do not expect to
become, a pension-held REIT.
To the extent we hold REMIC residual interests or are subject to
the TMP rules, any excess inclusion income will be subject to
tax as UBTI to a tax-exempt stockholder. (See
Taxable Mortgage Pool Rules above.)
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders
As used in this summary, the term
Non-U.S. Holder means a beneficial owner of our
stock that is not a U.S. Holder.
Ordinary Dividends. The portion of dividends or
redemptions treated as dividends (as discussed in
Taxation of U.S. Holders
Redemption of Shares of Stock) received by
Non-U.S. Holders payable out of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits which are not attributable to our capital
gains and which are not effectively connected with a
U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder and
which are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us
of a United States real property interest (as
defined below) will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at
the rate of 30% (which may be reduced by treaty). In general,
Non-U.S. Holders will not be considered engaged in a
U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their
ownership of our stock. In cases where the dividend income from
a Non-U.S. Holders investment in our stock is (or is
treated as) effectively connected with the
Non-U.S. Holders conduct of a trade or business in
the United States, the Non-U.S. Holder generally will be
subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates, in
the same manner as U.S. Holders are taxed with respect to
such dividends (and may also be subject to a branch profits tax
in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign
corporation).
To the extent we hold REMIC residual interests or are subject to
the TMP rules, any excess inclusion income will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate
(without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax
treaty) on any excess inclusion income allocable to
Non-U.S. Holders. (See Taxable Mortgage
Pool Rules above.)
Non-Dividend Distributions. Unless our stock
constitutes a United States real property interest
(as defined below) or our stock is effectively connected with
the conduct by a Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in
the United States, distributions by us that are not dividends
will not be subject to U.S. income or withholding tax. If
it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made
whether or not such distribution will be a dividend, the
distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate
applicable to dividends. However, the Non-U.S. Holder may
seek a refund of such amounts from the Internal Revenue Service
if it is subsequently determined that such distribution was, in
fact, not a dividend and if the proper forms are filed with the
Internal Revenue Service by the Non-U.S. Holder on a timely
basis. If our stock constitutes a United States real property
interest, such distribution will be subject to withholding tax
and may be subject to taxation, as described below.
Capital Gain Dividends. To the extent a
distribution made by us to a Non-U.S. Holder is
attributable to gains from dispositions of United States real
property interests that are owned by us directly or indirectly
through a flow-through entity, the distribution will be
considered effectively connected with a trade or business in the
United States of the Non-U.S. Holder and subject to
U.S. income tax at the rate applicable to
U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether
such distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend.
Beginning in 2005, if (i) the capital gain dividend is
received by a Non-U.S. Holder with respect to a class of
stock that is regularly traded on an established securities
market located in the United States (such as the NYSE), and
(ii) the Non-U.S. Holder does not own more than 5% of
that class of stock at any time during the taxable year in which
the capital gain dividend is received, the distribution will be
treated in the same manner as an ordinary income dividend,
subject to applicable withholding tax as described above.
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The term United States real property interests
includes interests (other than solely as a creditor) in real
property and in corporations at least 50% of whose assets
consist of United States real property interests. A United
States real property interest does not include
mortgage-backed securities and does not include mortgage loans
unless the holder of the loan has a right to share in the
appreciation in value of or the income generated by the
underlying property. In addition, we will be required to
withhold tax on the amount of dividends to the extent such
dividends are attributable to gains from dispositions of United
States real property interests. Distributions attributable to
gains from dispositions of United States real property interests
may also be subject to a branch profits tax in the hands of a
foreign corporate stockholder that is not entitled to treaty
exemption.
Disposition of Stock of the Company. If we are
treated as a United States real property holding
corporation a Non-U.S. Holder potentially could be
subject to tax (enforced by withholding) upon a sale of shares
of our stock. We generally will be a United States real property
holding corporation if at least 50% of the fair market value of
our assets has consisted of United States real property
interests at any time during the five-year period ending on the
date of the Non-U.S. Holders disposition of shares of
our stock. Because United States real property interests do not
include mortgage-backed securities or mortgage loans without
appreciation rights, we do not expect to be a United States real
property holding corporation. Moreover, even if we were a United
States real property holding corporation, a Non-U.S. Holder
generally will not be subject to tax upon a sale of shares of
our stock as long as at all times foreign persons hold, directly
or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our shares. There can
be no assurance that this test will be met. Finally, a
Non-U.S. Holder that owns, actually or constructively, 5%
or less of the shares of our stock at all times during a
specified testing period also will not incur tax so long as the
shares of our stock are regularly traded on an
established securities market. Because our stock is, and is
expected to continue to be, regularly traded on the New York
Stock Exchange, we do not expect that a Non-U.S. Holder
will be subject to tax on gain on the sale of our stock unless
it owns more than 5% of our stock. If gain on the sale of shares
of our stock is taxable, a Non-U.S. Holder would be taxed
on that gain in the same manner as U.S. Holders, subject to
applicable alternative minimum tax, a special alternative
minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and
the possible application of the 30% branch profits tax in the
case of Non-U.S. Holders that are corporations.
Furthermore, a Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to tax on
gain from the sale of our stock if:
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the gain is effectively connected with the
Non-U.S. Holders trade or business in the United
States, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject
to the same treatment as U.S. Holders with respect to such
gain and Non-U.S. Holders that are corporations may be
subject to an additional 30% branch profits tax; or |
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the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual who
was present in the United States for 183 days or more
during the taxable year and has a tax home in the
United States, in which case the Non-U.S. Holder will incur
a 30% tax on his or her capital gains. |
Estate Tax. Shares of our stock owned or treated
as owned by an individual who is a Non-U.S. Holder at the
time of death will be includible in the individuals gross
estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an
applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise. Such
individuals estate may be subject to U.S. federal
estate tax on the property includible in the estate for
U.S. federal estate tax purposes.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S. Holders. We will report to the
U.S. Holders and the Internal Revenue Service the amount of
distributions paid during each calendar year and the amount of
tax withheld, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a
U.S. Holder may be subject to backup withholding with
respect to distributions paid unless such holder (i) is a
corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and,
when required, demonstrates this fact, or (ii) provides a
taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of
exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with
applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A
U.S. Holder that does not provide us with its correct
taxpayer identification number
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may also be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue
Service. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be
creditable against the U.S. Holders income tax
liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion
of capital gain distributions to any U.S. Holders who fail
to certify their non-foreign status to us. See
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders above.
Non-U.S. Holders. We must report annually to
the Internal Revenue Service and to each Non-U.S. Holder
the amount of dividends (including any capital gain dividends)
paid to, and the tax withheld with respect to, such
Non-U.S. Holder. These reporting requirements apply
regardless of whether withholding was reduced or eliminated by
an applicable tax treaty. Copies of these returns may also be
made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or
agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the
Non-U.S. Holder resides.
U.S. backup withholding (which generally is imposed on
certain payments to persons that fail to furnish the information
required under the U.S. information reporting requirements)
and information reporting generally will not apply to dividends
(including any capital gain dividends) paid on our stock to a
Non-U.S. Holder at an address outside the United States.
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our stock to
or through a U.S. office of a broker will be subject to
information reporting and backup withholding unless the owner,
under penalties of perjury, certifies, among other things, its
status as a Non-U.S. Holder, or otherwise establishes an
exemption. The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of
stock to or through a non-U.S. office of a
non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup
withholding and information reporting.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts
withheld under the backup withholding rules will be refunded or
credited against the Non-U.S. Holders
U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the
required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue
Service.
Foreign, State and Local Tax Consequences
We and our stockholders may be subject to foreign, state or
local taxation in various foreign, state or local jurisdictions,
including those in which we or they transact business or reside.
The foreign, state and local tax treatment of us and our
stockholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax
consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective
stockholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the
effect of foreign, state and local tax laws on an investment in
our stock.
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting Tax
Consequences. Prospective investors should recognize
that the present federal income tax treatment of an investment
in the Company may be modified by legislative, judicial or
administrative action at any time, and that any such action may
affect investments and commitments previously made. The rules
dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review
by persons involved in the legislative process and by the
Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department,
resulting in revisions and revised interpretations of the Code,
regulations, and established concepts.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the securities offered
hereby will be passed upon for us by Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft LLP, New York, New York. Certain
legal matters relating to Maryland law, including the validity
of the common stock and preferred stock to be offered hereby,
will be passed upon for us by Ballard Spahr Andrews &
Ingersoll, LLP, Baltimore, Maryland.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this
prospectus by reference from the Companys Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, have
been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report,
which is incorporated herein by reference, and have been so
incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon
their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
63
9,000,000 Shares
American Home Mortgage
Investment Corp.
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
August , 2005
Sole Book-Runner
Citigroup
Lehman Brothers
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company
Incorporated
Flagstone Securities
Ryan Beck & Co.