(Mark One) |
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[ X ] |
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 |
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OR |
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[ ] |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from _____________ to _______________ |
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Commission File Number: 001-07434 |
Aflac Incorporated |
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(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) |
GEORGIA |
58-1167100 |
|
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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1932 Wynnton Road, Columbus, Georgia |
31999 |
|
(Address of principal executive offices) |
(ZIP Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 706.323.3431
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Common Stock, $.10 Par Value |
New York Stock Exchange |
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Pacific Exchange |
|||||
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Tokyo Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. þ Yes ¨ No |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ¨ Yes þ No |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No |
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ¨ Yes þ No |
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2005, was $21,269,772,147. |
Documents Incorporated By Reference
Certain information contained in the Notice and Proxy Statement for the Company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 1, 2006, is incorporated by reference into Part III hereof. |
i
PART I
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). This report includes certain forward-looking information that is based on current expectations and is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. For details on forward-looking information, see Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A), Part II, Item 7, of this report.
Aflac Incorporated qualifies as a large accelerated filer within the meaning of Exchange Act Rule 12b-2. Our Internet address is aflac.com. We make available, free of charge on our Web site, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments thereto as soon as reasonably practicable after those forms have been electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
General Description
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) was incorporated in 1973 under the laws of the state of Georgia. Aflac Incorporated is a general business holding company and acts as a management company, overseeing the operations of its subsidiaries by providing management services and making capital available. Its principal business is supplemental health and life insurance, which is marketed and administered through its subsidiary, American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac), which operates in the United States (Aflac U.S.) and as a branch in Japan (Aflac Japan). Most of Aflac's policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents. Our insurance operations in the United States and our branch in Japan service the two markets for our insurance business.
We believe Aflac is the world's leading writer of individually issued policies marketed at worksites. We continue to diversify our product offerings in both Japan and the United States. Aflac Japan sells cancer plans, care plans, general medical expense plans, medical/sickness riders, a living benefit life plan, ordinary life insurance plans and annuities. Aflac U.S. sells cancer plans and various types of health insurance, including accident/disability, fixed-benefit dental, personal sickness and hospital indemnity, vision care, hospital intensive care, long-term care, ordinary life, and short-term disability plans.
We are authorized to conduct insurance business in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, several U.S. territories and Japan. Aflac Japan accounted for 74% of the Company's total revenues in 2005, 75% in 2004 and 74% in 2003. The percentage of total assets attributable to Aflac Japan was 82% at December 31, 2005, compared with 80% a year ago.
Results of Operations
For information on our results of operations and financial information by segment, see MD&A.
I-1
Foreign Currency Translation
Aflac Japan's premiums and most of its investment income are received in yen. Claims and expenses are paid in yen, and we primarily purchase yen-denominated assets to support yen-denominated policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial statement items are translated into dollars for financial reporting purposes. We translate Aflac Japan's yen-denominated income statement into dollars using an average exchange rate for the reporting period, and we translate its yen-denominated balance sheet using the exchange rate at the end of the period. However, it is important to distinguish between translating and converting foreign currency. Except for a limited number of transactions, we do not actually convert yen into dollars.
Due to the relative size of Aflac Japan, where our functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant effect on our reported results. In years when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported. Consequently, yen weakening has the effect of suppressing current year results in relation to the comparable prior year, while yen strengthening has the effect of magnifying current year results in relation to the comparable prior year. As a result, we view foreign currency translation as a financial reporting issue for Aflac and not an economic event to our Company or shareholders. Because changes in exchange rates distort the growth rates of our operations, management evaluates Aflac's financial performance excluding the impact of foreign currency translation.
The yen/dollar exchange rate as of December 31, 2005, was 118.07, compared with 104.21 as of December 31, 2004. Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rates were 109.88 in 2005, 108.26 in 2004, and 115.95 in 2003. We report currency translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive income and the realized currency exchange gains and losses resulting from transactions in earnings. In 2005, the effect of currency translation decreased total assets by $5.7 billion, decreased total liabilities by $5.6 billion and decreased net earnings by $16 million.
For further information regarding the effect of currency fluctuations on our business, see MD&A in Part II, Item 7A and Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.
Insurance Premiums
The growth of earned premiums is directly affected by the change in premiums in force and by the change in weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rates. Consolidated earned premiums were $12.0 billion in 2005, $11.3 billion in 2004, and $9.9 billion in 2003. For additional information on the composition of earned premiums by segment, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table sets forth the changes in annualized premiums in force for Aflac's insurance business for the years ended December 31.
I-2
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Annualized premiums in force, beginning of year |
$ |
12,604 |
$ |
11,446 |
$ |
9,634 |
||||
|
New sales, including conversions |
2,426 |
2,319 |
2,175 |
||||||
|
Change in unprocessed new sales |
(67 |
) |
(106 |
) |
(95 |
) |
|||
|
Premiums lapsed and surrendered |
(1,483 |
) |
(1,398 |
) |
(1,272 |
) |
|||
|
Other |
58 |
86 |
127 |
||||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(1,123 |
) |
257 |
877 |
|||||
Annualized premiums in force, end of year |
$ |
12,415 |
$ |
12,604 |
$ |
11,446 |
||||
|
Insurance - Japan
We translate Aflac Japan's annualized premiums in force into dollars at the respective end-of-period exchange rates. Changes in annualized premiums in force are translated at weighted-average exchange rates. The following table presents the changes in annualized premiums in force for Aflac Japan for the years ended December 31.
In Dollars |
In Yen |
|||||||||||||||
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
Annualized premiums in force, |
||||||||||||||||
beginning of year |
$ |
9,230 |
$ |
8,403 |
$ |
6,960 |
962 |
900 |
834 |
|||||||
|
New sales, including conversions |
1,167 |
1,133 |
1,047 |
129 |
123 |
121 |
|||||||||
|
Change in unprocessed new sales |
(67 |
) |
(106 |
) |
(95 |
) |
(8 |
) |
(11 |
) |
(10 |
) |
|||
|
Premiums lapsed and surrendered |
(470 |
) |
(469 |
) |
(453 |
) |
(52 |
) |
(51 |
) |
(53 |
) |
|||
|
Other |
(32 |
) |
12 |
67 |
(3 |
) |
1 |
8 |
|||||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(1,123 |
) |
257 |
877 |
- |
- |
- |
||||||||
Annualized premiums in force, |
||||||||||||||||
end of year |
$ |
8,705 |
$ |
9,230 |
$ |
8,403 |
1,028 |
962 |
900 |
|||||||
Following several years of slight declines, our persistency improved in both 2005 and 2004. Total new annualized premium sales in yen were: 128.8 billion yen in 2005, up 5.1%; 122.5 billion yen in 2004, up 1.1%; and 121.2 billion yen in 2003, up 11.9%. The increases in annualized premiums in force in yen of 6.8% both in 2005 and 2004, and 7.9% in 2003 reflect the high persistency of Aflac Japan's business and the sales of new policies. For further information regarding the Japanese economy and its effect on our operations, see the Aflac Japan section of MD&A.
I-3
Insurance - U.S.
The following table sets forth the changes in annualized premiums in force for Aflac U.S. for the years ended December 31.
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Annualized premiums in force, beginning of year |
$ |
3,374 |
$ |
3,043 |
$ |
2,674 |
||||
|
New sales, including conversions |
1,259 |
1,186 |
1,128 |
||||||
|
Premiums lapsed |
(1,012 |
) |
(929 |
) |
(819 |
) |
|||
|
Other |
90 |
74 |
60 |
||||||
Annualized premiums in force, end of year |
$ |
3,711 |
$ |
3,374 |
$ |
3,043 |
||||
Annualized premiums in force grew 10.0% in 2005, 10.9% in 2004 and 13.8% in 2003. Total new annualized premium sales increased 6.1% in 2005, 5.1% in 2004, and 5.4% in 2003.
Insurance Products - Japan
Aflac Japan's insurance products are designed to help consumers pay for medical and nonmedical costs that are not reimbursed under Japan's national health insurance system. Changes in Japan's economy and an aging population have put increasing pressure on Japan's national health care system, with more and more costs being shifted to Japanese consumers. As a result, consumers have become increasingly interested in insurance products that help them manage those costs. Aflac Japan has responded to this interest by enhancing existing products and developing new products.
Aflac Japan's stand-alone medical product, EVER, offers a basic level of hospitalization coverage with the most affordable premium in the industry. We introduced two new versions of EVER in 2005: EVER Half and EVER Bonus. EVER Half is a whole-life medical policy with benefits similar to the original EVER product. With EVER Half, premiums are cut in half when the policyholder reaches age 60 or 65. EVER Bonus has all of the same features of EVER Half, but also provides a bonus payment every 10 years unless the hospitalization benefit was paid for 10 or more consecutive days. In addition, EVER Bonus provides a death benefit and a cash surrender value. We began offering EVER Half and EVER Bonus in early 2005. We continue to believe that the medical category will be an important part of our product portfolio.
The cancer life insurance plans we offer in Japan provide a fixed daily benefit for hospitalization and outpatient services related to cancer and a lump-sum benefit upon initial diagnosis of internal cancer. The plans differ from the Aflac U.S. cancer plans in that the Japanese policies may also provide death benefits and cash surrender values. Our Rider MAX product provides accident and medical/sickness benefits as a rider to our cancer life policy. In 2005, we introduced a new cancer insurance product. This new product incorporates a wellness benefit, while also increasing the daily outpatient benefit to the same level as the hospitalization benefit.
I-4
The life products that we offer in Japan provide death benefits and cash surrender values. These products are available as stand-alone policies and riders. We also developed a new product called WAYS, which we introduced in early 2006. WAYS is a life insurance policy that allows policyholders to convert a portion of their life insurance to medical, nursing care, or fixed annuity benefits at a predetermined age. We also offer traditional fixed-income annuities and care policies.
For additional information on Aflac Japan's products and composition of sales, see the Aflac Japan section of MD&A.
Insurance Products - U.S.
We design our U.S. insurance products to provide supplemental coverage for people who already have major medical or primary insurance coverage. The policies are portable and pay regardless of other insurance. Our health insurance plans are guaranteed-renewable for the lifetime of the policyholder (to age 70 for short-term disability policies). We cannot cancel guaranteed-renewable coverage, but we can increase premium rates on existing policies on a uniform, nondiscriminatory basis by class of policy in response to adverse experience. Any premium rate increases are subject to state regulatory approval. We have had minimal rate increase activity in the last five years.
Aflac U.S. offers an accident and disability policy to protect against losses resulting from accidents. The accident portion of the policy includes lump-sum benefits for accidental death, dismemberment, and specific injuries as well as fixed benefits for hospital confinement. Optional disability riders are also available. Short-term disability policies provide disability benefits with a variety of elimination period/benefit period options. The longest such benefit period offered is two years. In 2003 and 2004, we introduced revised versions of our accident and disability products in the United States.
Our U.S. cancer plans are designed to provide insurance benefits for medical and nonmedical costs that are generally not reimbursed by major medical insurance. In 2003 and 2004, we also introduced a revised version of our cancer product. Benefits include a first-occurrence benefit that pays an initial amount when internal cancer is first diagnosed; a fixed amount for each day an insured is hospitalized for cancer treatment; fixed amounts for radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery; and a wellness benefit applicable toward certain diagnostic tests.
Our hospital indemnity products provide fixed daily benefits for hospitalization due to accident or sickness. In 2005, we introduced a new version of our hospital indemnity plan, including a plan that is compatible with Health Savings Accounts (HSAs). Indemnity benefits for inpatient and outpatient surgeries, as well as various other diagnostic expenses, are also available. Our sickness indemnity plan provides a fixed daily benefit for hospitalization due to sickness and fixed amounts for physician services for accident or sickness.
We also offer a series of fixed-benefit dental policies, providing various levels of benefits for dental procedures, including checkups and cleanings. Plan features include a renewal guarantee, no deductible and no network restrictions.
I-5
Vision Now, which we began offering mid-2005, is different from most other vision insurance offerings. It provides benefits for serious eye health conditions that require surgery or other forms of treatment, as well as benefits for the loss of sight. Vision Now also includes coverage for corrective materials and exam benefits.
Aflac U.S. offers term and whole-life policies sold through payroll deduction at the worksite and various term and whole-life policies on a direct basis. We also offer other health insurance products including qualified and non-qualified long-term care plans, a hospital intensive care policy, and a specified health event policy.
For additional information on Aflac's U.S. products and composition of sales, see the Aflac U.S. section of MD&A.
Distribution - Japan
We sell our products through two primary distribution channels: affiliated corporate agencies and individual agencies. Affiliated corporate agencies are formed when companies establish subsidiary businesses to sell insurance products to their employees, suppliers and customers. These agencies help us reach employees at large worksites, including 91% of the companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Reflecting changed employment patterns, Aflac's sales growth through large affiliated corporate agencies has slowed for several years. However, we still consider the corporate channel to be an important part of our distribution system and the best means for reaching workers at large employers. Affiliated corporate agencies contributed 35% of total new annualized premium sales in 2005, compared with 36% in 2004 and 37% in 2003.
We also sell our products through independent corporate agencies and individual agencies that are not affiliated with large companies. These individual agencies give us better access to workers at the vast number of small businesses in Japan. Agents' activities are primarily limited to insurance sales, with customer service support provided by our main office in Tokyo and 97 offices throughout Japan. Individual agencies contributed 57% of total new annualized premium sales in both 2005 and 2004, and 53% in 2003.
As of December 31, 2005, there were approximately 17,960 agencies in Japan with more than 81,700 licensed agents, compared with approximately 16,410 agencies and 71,400 licensed agents a year ago. We believe that new agencies will continue to be attracted to Aflac Japan's high commissions, superior products, customer service and brand image.
We have also been utilizing our marketing alliance with Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Dai-ichi Life) to improve our reach in Japan. Dai-ichi Life sold 277,700 of our cancer life policies in 2005, compared with 244,400 policies in 2004 and 305,600 policies in 2003. Contributions to total new annualized premium sales were 8% in 2005, 7% in 2004 and 10% in 2003. We believe the decline in cancer life policy sales through Dai-ichi Life during 2004 was attributable to Dai-ichi Life's increased focus on the sale of its own products during that year.
I-6
Distribution - U.S.
Our U.S. sales force comprises independent sales associates who are licensed to sell accident and health insurance. Many are also licensed to sell life insurance. Most associates' efforts are directed toward selling supplemental health insurance at the worksite. Associates' activities are principally limited to sales. Administrative personnel in Georgia, New York, and Nebraska handle policyholder service functions, including issuance of policies, premium collection, payment notices and claims. Associates are paid commissions based on first- and renewal-year premiums from their sales of insurance products. State, regional and district sales coordinators are also independent associates and are compensated by override commissions and production bonuses.
We have concentrated on marketing our products at the worksite. This method offers policies to individuals through common media such as employment, trade and other associations. This manner of marketing is distinct from the group insurance sales approach, as our primary method of enrollment results from the individual insured being directly contacted by the sales associate. Policies are individually underwritten, with premiums generally paid by the employee. Additionally, Aflac policies are portable, meaning that individuals may retain their full insurance coverage upon separation from employment or such affiliation, generally at the same premium. A major portion of premiums on such sales are collected through payroll deduction or other forms of centralized billings. Worksite marketing enables a sales associate to reach a greater number of prospective policyholders and lowers distribution costs, compared with individually marketed business.
The average number of U.S. associates actively producing business on a monthly basis during 2005 was 17,300, compared with 17,500 in 2004 and 17,200 in 2003.
During the past three years, we have taken several steps to enhance our distribution system. Expanding our sales management infrastructure and training and recruiting initiatives have been our primary focus. During 2005, training emerged as an area of intense focus.
We continued to implement LEASE, which stands for Larger Earnings by Acquiring Smaller Employers, and we are merging it with our New Associate Training Cycle. This training cycle combines classroom instruction, e-learning from Aflac University, and field training. We are working with our state coordinator teams to ensure that training initiatives are consistent. Consistency builds competence and confidence, both of which are vital to the success and retention of our sales associates.
In July, we introduced the Coordinator in Training (CIT) program nationwide. We designed this program to help sales associates develop the necessary leadership skills to succeed as a district sales coordinator, which is the first level of Aflac sales management. The goal of the CIT program is to build a pool of well-trained sales managers. Nearly 2,000 sales associates participated in the CIT program in 2005, and 64 of our 95 state operations had adopted the CIT program at year-end.
In 2005, Aflac U.S. collected premiums were $3.2 billion, 7.8% of which was collected in Texas, 7.1% in Florida and 6.6% in California. Collected premiums in all other states were individually less than 5% of Aflac U.S. premiums.
I-7
Competition - Japan
In 1974, Aflac became the second non-Japanese life insurance company to gain direct access to the Japanese insurance market by obtaining an operating license. Through 1981, we were the only Company in Japan authorized to sell a cancer life insurance policy. In January 2001, Japan's insurance market was deregulated, and we experienced an increase in the number of companies selling products that compete with our policies. However, based on our growth of annualized premiums in force, agencies, and customer accounts, we do not believe that our market position has been significantly impacted by increased competition as a result of deregulation. Furthermore, we believe the continued development and maintenance of operating efficiencies will allow us to offer affordable products that provide an excellent value to consumers.
Aflac has had substantial success selling cancer life policies in Japan, with 14 million cancer life policies in force as of December 31, 2005. We believe we will remain a leading provider of cancer life insurance coverage in Japan, principally due to our experience in the market, low-cost operations, unique marketing system (see Distribution - Japan above) and product expertise developed in the United States.
We have also experienced substantial success selling medical insurance in Japan. Other companies are now recognizing the opportunities we have seen in the market for medical insurance. As a result, many new products have surfaced from competitors. However, we believe our product stands out as a tremendous value to consumers. Aflac Japan continued to be the number one seller of medical insurance in the life insurance industry in terms of policy sales throughout the year.
Competition - U.S.
Approximately 2,000 life insurance companies are licensed in the United States. We compete against several insurers on a national basis plus other insurers regionally. We believe that our policies and premium rates as well as the commissions paid to our sales agents are competitive with those offered by other companies providing similar types of insurance. However, we believe that our U.S. business is distinct from our competitors because of our product focus, distribution system, and name awareness. For many of the other companies that sell supplemental insurance, it represents a secondary business. For us, it is our primary business, which allows us to focus on exploring new product opportunities while also enhancing our existing products. By doing so, we believe we offer the best value in the market. We also believe that our growing distribution system of independent sales associates expands our business opportunities, while our advertising campaigns have increased our name awareness and branding efforts.
I-8
Private insurers and voluntary and cooperative plans, such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield, provide insurance for meeting hospitalization and medical expenses. Much of this insurance is sold on a group basis. The federal and state governments also pay substantial costs of medical treatment through various programs. Such major medical insurance generally covers a substantial amount of the medical expenses incurred by an insured as a result of accident and disability, cancer or other major illnesses. Aflac's policies are designed to provide coverage that supplements major medical insurance and may also be used to defray nonmedical expenses. Thus, we do not compete directly with major medical insurers. However, the scope of major medical coverage offered by other insurers does represent a potential limitation on the market for our products. Accordingly, expansion of coverage by other insurers or governmental programs could adversely affect our business opportunities. Conversely, any reduction of coverage, such as increased deductibles and copayments, by other insurers or governmental programs could favorably affect our business opportunities.
Investments and Investment Results
The following table presents the composition of investment securities as of December 31.
|
Aflac Japan |
Aflac U.S. |
||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Securities available for sale, at fair value: |
||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
$ |
21,907 |
$ |
23,485 |
$ |
6,134 |
* |
$ |
5,681 |
||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
3,888 |
3,580 |
482 |
439 |
|||||||||
|
Equity securities |
61 |
47 |
23 |
30 |
|||||||||
|
Total available for sale |
25,856 |
27,112 |
6,639 |
6,150 |
|||||||||
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost: |
||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
10,849 |
10,064 |
18 |
16 |
|||||||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
4,172 |
4,759 |
- |
- |
|||||||||
|
Total held to maturity |
15,021 |
14,823 |
18 |
16 |
|||||||||
|
Total investment securities |
$ |
40,877 |
$ |
41,935 |
$ |
6,657 |
$ |
6,166 |
|||||
*Excludes investment-grade fixed-maturity securities held by the Parent Company of $100 in 2005; the Parent Company had no investment securities as of December 31, 2004. |
Net investment income was $2.1 billion in 2005, $2.0 billion in 2004 and $1.8 billion in 2003. Growth of net investment income during the last three years has been impacted by low available investment yields for new money in both Japan and the United States. In particular, Japan's life insurance industry has contended with low investment yields for a number of years. Based on financial results determined in accordance with Japan's Financial Services Agency (FSA) requirements for the fiscal year ended March 31, Aflac Japan had the highest portfolio yield among all of Japan's life insurers with assets in excess of 2 trillion yen in each year of the last three years.
We use specific criteria to judge the credit quality of both existing and prospective investments. Furthermore, we use several methods to monitor these criteria, including credit rating services and internal credit analysis. All of Aflac's securities have ratings from either a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or the Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).
I-9
For information on the composition of our investment portfolio and investment results, see the Investments and Cash section in MD&A and Notes 3 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Investments - Japan
The following table presents the composition of total investments and cash for Aflac Japan ($39.5 billion in 2005 and $40.1 billion in 2004) as of December 31.
Composition of Securities by Sector |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||||
Debt securities, at amortized cost: |
||||||||
|
Government and guaranteed |
22.2 |
% |
21.5 |
% |
|||
|
Municipalities |
.1 |
.1 |
|||||
|
Public utilities |
7.6 |
9.6 |
|||||
|
Banks/financial institutions |
43.3 |
39.7 |
|||||
Sovereign and supranational |
8.9 |
9.3 |
||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |
.4 |
.5 |
||||||
Other corporate |
16.1 |
17.7 |
||||||
|
Total debt securities |
98.6 |
98.4 |
|||||
Equity securities |
.1 |
.1 |
||||||
Other long-term investments |
.1 |
.1 |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
1.2 |
1.4 |
||||||
|
Total investments and cash |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||
Yen-denominated debt securities accounted for 93% of Aflac Japan's total debt securities at both December 31, 2005, and 2004.
Funds available for investment include cash flows from operations, which includes investment income, and funds generated from bond swaps, maturities and redemptions. Aflac Japan purchased debt security investments totaling approximately 828.1 billion yen in 2005 (approximately $7.8 billion), 514.3 billion yen in 2004 (approximately $5.1 billion) and 505.7 billion yen in 2003 (approximately $4.4 billion). Equity security purchases were immaterial during the three-year period ended December 31, 2005. The following table presents the composition of debt security purchases for the years ended December 31.
Composition of Purchases by Sector |
|||||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||
Debt security purchases, at cost: |
|||||||||||
|
Government and guaranteed |
43.9 |
% |
30.0 |
% |
18.8 |
% |
||||
|
Municipalities |
- |
- |
.2 |
|||||||
|
Public utilities |
2.3 |
8.0 |
8.5 |
|||||||
|
Banks/financial institutions |
46.8 |
50.0 |
24.3 |
|||||||
Sovereign and supranational |
.2 |
6.7 |
16.3 |
||||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |
.4 |
.6 |
.7 |
||||||||
Other corporate |
6.4 |
4.7 |
31.2 |
||||||||
|
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
||||
I-10
The distributions by credit rating of Aflac Japan's purchases of debt securities for the years ended December 31, based on acquisition cost, were as follows:
Composition of Purchases by Credit Rating |
|||||||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||
AAA |
1.7 |
% |
6.9 |
% |
2.5 |
% |
|||||||
AA |
50.1 |
47.7 |
20.6 |
||||||||||
A |
43.6 |
30.8 |
31.6 |
||||||||||
BBB |
4.6 |
14.6 |
45.3 |
||||||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||||||
The distributions of debt securities owned by Aflac Japan by credit rating were as follows:
Composition by Credit Rating |
|||||||||||||
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
Amortized |
Fair |
||||||||||
Cost |
Value |
Cost |
Value |
||||||||||
AAA |
2.9 |
% |
2.9 |
% |
2.9 |
% |
3.0 |
% |
|||||
AA |
37.0 |
38.6 |
36.0 |
38.0 |
|||||||||
A |
37.0 |
36.6 |
33.6 |
33.3 |
|||||||||
BBB |
21.0 |
20.3 |
25.8 |
24.3 |
|||||||||
BB or lower |
2.1 |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
|||||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||||
Investments - U.S.
The following table presents the composition of total investments and cash for Aflac U.S. ($6.5 billion in 2005 and $8.5 billion in 2004) as of December 31.
Composition of Securities by Sector |
||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||||
Debt securities, at amortized cost: |
||||||||
|
Government |
4.3 |
% |
2.0 |
% |
|||
|
Municipalities |
.4 |
.3 |
|||||
|
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |
2.6 |
1.7 |
|||||
|
Public utilities |
9.8 |
7.5 |
|||||
|
Sovereign and supranational |
3.7 |
1.6 |
|||||
|
Banks/financial institutions |
41.6 |
29.8 |
|||||
Other corporate |
31.7 |
22.1 |
||||||
|
Total debt securities |
94.1 |
65.0 |
|||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
5.9 |
35.0 |
||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
||||
|
The decrease in cash and cash equivalents was due to the return of cash collateral ($2.6 billion) associated with the higher level of loaned securities at December 31, 2004.
I-11
Funds available for investment include cash flows from operations, which includes investment income, and funds generated from bond swaps, maturities and redemptions. Purchases of investments by Aflac U.S. were approximately $1.2 billion in 2005, $1.1 billion in 2004 and $1.8 billion in 2003. Equity security purchases were immaterial during the three-year period ended December 31, 2005. The following table presents the composition of debt security purchases for the years ended December 31.
Composition of Purchases by Sector |
|||||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||
Debt security purchases, at cost: |
|||||||||||
|
Government and guaranteed |
14.1 |
% |
9.2 |
% |
3.9 |
% |
||||
|
Municipalities |
.1 |
.1 |
1.4 |
|||||||
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |
9.9 |
9.9 |
10.3 |
||||||||
|
Public utilities |
3.9 |
8.0 |
9.3 |
|||||||
Sovereign and supranational |
2.4 |
.3 |
4.1 |
||||||||
|
Banks/financial institutions |
36.0 |
45.8 |
38.7 |
|||||||
Other corporate |
33.6 |
26.7 |
32.3 |
||||||||
|
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
||||
In 2003, we directed more funds to the corporate fixed-maturity security market due to the low yields available on U.S. government and government agency securities.
The distributions by credit rating of Aflac's U.S. purchases of debt securities for the years ended December 31, based on acquisition cost, were as follows:
Composition of Purchases by Credit Rating |
|||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
AAA |
33.8 |
% |
19.1 |
% |
25.4 |
% |
|||
AA |
17.4 |
12.2 |
12.0 |
||||||
A |
37.4 |
63.0 |
34.5 |
||||||
BBB |
11.4 |
5.7 |
28.1 |
||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||
The distributions of debt securities owned by Aflac U.S. by credit rating were as follows:
Composition by Credit Rating |
|||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
Amortized |
Fair |
||||||||||||||
Cost |
Value |
Cost |
Value |
||||||||||||||
AAA |
11.0 |
% |
10.0 |
% |
8.0 |
% |
7.2 |
% |
|||||||||
AA |
12.4 |
12.5 |
8.9 |
9.0 |
|||||||||||||
A |
50.6 |
51.7 |
54.8 |
54.9 |
|||||||||||||
BBB |
22.2 |
22.5 |
26.2 |
26.8 |
|||||||||||||
BB or lower |
3.8 |
3.3 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
|||||||||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||||||||
I-12
Regulation - Japan
The FSA maintains a solvency standard, which is used by regulators in Japan to monitor the financial strength of insurance companies. Aflac Japan's solvency margin continues to significantly exceed regulatory minimums. The FSA may not allow remittance of earnings if it would cause Aflac Japan to lack sufficient financial strength for the protection of policyholders. We do not expect these requirements to adversely affect the funds available for remittances of earnings and payments of allocated expenses and management fees.
A portion of Aflac Japan's annual earnings, as determined on a Japanese statutory accounting basis, can be remitted (repatriated) each year to Aflac U.S. after complying with solvency margin provisions and satisfying various conditions imposed by Japan's regulatory authorities for protecting policyholders. Payments are also made from Aflac Japan to the Parent Company for management fees and to Aflac U.S. for allocated expenses. Repatriated profits represent a portion of the after-tax earnings reported to the FSA on a March 31 fiscal year basis. Japanese regulatory basis earnings are determined using accounting principles that differ materially from GAAP. Under Japanese statutory accounting practices, policy acquisition costs are charged off immediately; deferred income tax liabilities are recognized on a different basis; policy benefit and claim reserving methods and assumptions are different; the carrying value of securities transferred to held to maturity is different; policyholder protection fund obligations are not accrued; and premium income is recognized on a cash basis.
Aflac Japan files annual reports and financial statements for the Japanese insurance operations based on a March 31 year end, prepared in accordance with Japanese regulatory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the FSA. Also, financial and other affairs of Aflac Japan are subject to examination by the FSA. Reconciliations of the net assets of the Japan branch on a GAAP basis to net assets determined on a Japanese regulatory accounting basis as of December 31 were as follows:
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
Net assets on GAAP basis |
$ |
5,472 |
$ |
5,358 |
|||
Elimination of deferred policy acquisition costs |
(3,624 |
) |
(3,812 |
) |
|||
Adjustment to income tax liabilities |
1,501 |
1,462 |
|||||
Adjustment to policy liabilities |
139 |
463 |
|||||
Adjustment of unrealized gains and other adjustments |
|||||||
|
to carrying value of debt securities |
(518 |
) |
(530 |
) |
||
Elimination of policyholder protection fund liability |
203 |
254 |
|||||
Reduction in premiums receivable |
(96 |
) |
(112 |
) |
|||
Other, net |
(290 |
) |
(206 |
) |
|||
|
Net assets on Japanese regulatory accounting basis |
$ |
2,787 |
$ |
2,877 |
||
The Japanese insurance industry has a policyholder protection fund that provides funds for the policyholders of insolvent insurers. For additional information regarding the policyholder protection fund, see the Policyholder Protection Fund section of MD&A and Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
I-13
Our branch in Japan is also subject to regulation and supervision in the United States as described below. For additional information regarding Aflac Japan's operations and regulations, see the Aflac Japan section of MD&A and Notes 2 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Regulation - U.S.
The Parent Company and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations in the United States as an insurance holding company system. Such regulations generally provide that transactions between companies within the holding company system must be fair and equitable. In addition, transfers of assets among such affiliated companies, certain dividend payments from insurance subsidiaries, and material transactions between companies within the system are subject to prior notice to, or approval by, state regulatory authorities.
Like all U.S. insurance companies, Aflac is subject to regulation and supervision in the jurisdictions in which they do business. In general, the insurance laws of the various jurisdictions establish supervisory agencies with broad administrative powers relating to, among other things:
Additionally, the NAIC is constantly reviewing regulatory matters and recommending changes and revisions for adoption by state legislators and insurance departments.
The NAIC uses a risk-based capital formula relating to insurance risk, business risk, asset risk and interest rate risk to facilitate identification by insurance regulators of inadequately capitalized insurance companies based upon the types and mixtures of risks inherent in the insurer's operations. The formulas for determining the amount of risk-based capital specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of the Company's regulatory total adjusted capital to its authorized control level risk-based capital as defined by the NAIC. Companies below specific trigger points or ratios are classified within certain levels, each of which requires specified corrective action. The levels are Company action, regulatory action, authorized control, and mandatory control. Aflac's NAIC risk-based capital ratio remains high and reflects a very strong capital and surplus position.
I-14
For further information concerning Aflac U.S. operations, regulation and dividend restrictions, see the Aflac U.S. section of MD&A and Notes 2 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
NAME |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION (*) |
AGE |
||
Daniel P. Amos |
Chairman, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac since May 2001; |
54 |
||
|
Chief Executive Officer, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac; President, Aflac; President, Aflac Incorporated, until May 2001; Director, Southern Company, Atlanta, GA; Director, Synovus Financial Corp., Columbus, GA |
|||
Paul S. Amos II |
Executive Vice President, Aflac U.S. Operations, since |
30 |
||
January 2005; State Sales Coordinator from November 2002 until December 2004 |
||||
Kriss Cloninger III |
President, Aflac Incorporated, since May 2001; Executive |
58 |
||
|
Vice President, Aflac Incorporated, until May 2001; Chief Financial Officer, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac; Executive Vice President, Aflac; Treasurer, Aflac Incorporated; Director, Tupperware Brands Corporation, Orlando, FL; Director, TSYS, Columbus, GA |
|||
Kermitt L. Cox |
Senior Vice President, Corporate Actuary, Aflac |
62 |
||
|
||||
Rebecca C. Davis |
Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, |
55 |
||
Aflac, since October 2004; Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, Aflac, until October 2004 |
||||
Kenneth S. Janke Jr. |
Senior Vice President, Investor Relations, Aflac |
47 |
||
|
Incorporated |
|||
Akitoshi Kan |
President, Aflac Japan, since April 2005; Chairman, |
58 |
||
|
Aflac International, Inc.; Chief Operating Officer, Aflac Japan, since January 2005; Executive Vice President, Director of U.S. Internal Operations, Aflac, from January 2000 until December 2004 |
|||
Ronald E. Kirkland |
Senior Vice President, Director of Sales, Aflac, since |
61 |
||
January 2005; Vice President, West Territory Director, Aflac, from October 2004 until January 2005; State Sales Coordinator, Missouri, until October 2004 |
||||
I-15
Charles D. Lake II |
Vice Chairman, Aflac Japan, since April 2005; President, |
44 |
||
Aflac Japan, from January 2003 until March 2005; Deputy President, Aflac Japan, from July 2001 until December 2002; Senior Vice President, Aflac Japan, General Counsel, Legal and Compliance from January 2001 until June 2001; Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Aflac International, Inc., until June 2001 |
||||
Joey M. Loudermilk |
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and |
52 |
||
|
Corporate Secretary, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac; Director, Legal and Governmental Relations, Aflac |
|||
Hidefumi Matsui |
Chairman, Aflac Japan, since January 2003; President, |
61 |
||
Aflac Japan, until December 2002 |
||||
Ralph A. Rogers Jr. |
Senior Vice President, Financial Services, Aflac |
57 |
||
Incorporated and Aflac; Chief Accounting Officer, Aflac Incorporated and Aflac, since January 2002; Treasurer, Aflac, since March 2002 |
||||
Joseph W. Smith Jr. |
Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer, |
52 |
||
|
Aflac |
|||
Atsushi Yagai |
Executive Vice President, Director of Marketing and |
42 |
||
Sales, Aflac Japan, since January 2004; First Senior Vice President; Director of Marketing and Sales, Aflac Japan, from January 2002 until January 2004; Senior Vice President; Director of Marketing and Sales, Aflac Japan, from September 2001 until December 2001; President and Representative Director, Barilla Japan, until August 2001 |
||||
Hiroshi Yamauchi |
First Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative |
54 |
||
Officer, Aflac Japan, since January 2005; First Senior Vice President, Director of Internal Operations, Aflac Japan, from January 2003 until January 2005; First Senior Vice President, Director of Administrative and Customer Service Division, Aflac Japan, from January 2002 until January 2003; Vice President, General Manager of Policy Maintenance Department, Aflac Japan, until January 2002 |
||||
(*) Unless specifically noted, the respective executive officer has held the occupation(s) set forth in the table for at least the last five years. Each executive officer is appointed annually by the board of directors and serves until his or her successor is chosen and qualified, or until his or her death, resignation or removal. |
Employees
Aflac Japan had 3,101 employees as of December 31, 2005. Aflac U.S. had 3,869 employees as of December 31, 2005. We consider our employee relations to be excellent.
I-16
Other Operations
Our other operations include the Parent Company and a printing subsidiary. These operations had 293 employees as of December 31, 2005. We consider our relations with these employees to be excellent. For additional information on our other operations, see the Other Operations section of MD&A.
Risk Factors
We face a wide range of risks, and our continued success depends on our ability to identify, prioritize and appropriately manage our enterprise risk exposures. Readers should carefully consider each of the following risks and all of the other information set forth in this Form 10-K. These risks and other factors may affect forward-looking statements, including those in this document or made by the Company elsewhere, such as in earnings release webcasts, investor conference presentations or press releases. The risks and uncertainties described herein may not be the only ones facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, it could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We operate in an industry that is subject to ongoing changes.
We operate in a competitive environment and in an industry that is subject to ongoing changes from market pressures brought about by customer demands, legislative reform and marketing practices. These factors require us to anticipate market trends and make changes to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors. We also face the potential of competition from existing or new companies that have not historically been in the supplemental health insurance industry. Failure to anticipate market trends and/or to differentiate our products and services can affect our ability to retain or grow profitable lines of business.
Our concentration of business in Japan poses risks to our operations.
Our operations in Japan accounted for 74%, 75% and 74% of our total revenues for 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and 82% and 80% of our total assets at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. As a result, continued weakness in Japan's economy could adversely affect our business. A weak economy in Japan since the early 1990s resulted in a challenging marketing environment for Aflac Japan, with declining available investment yields for new investments and decreased consumer confidence. Although the Japanese economy has recently shown signs of improvement, the time required for it to fully recover remains uncertain.
I-17
Japanese currency translation risk could adversely impact operating results.
Due to the size of Aflac Japan, where our functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant effect on our reported financial position and results of operations. In periods when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported.
Aflac Japan's premiums and most of its investment income are received in yen. Claims and expenses are paid in yen, and we primarily purchase yen-denominated assets to support yen-denominated policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial statement items are translated into dollars for financial reporting purposes. However, it is important to distinguish between translating and converting foreign currency. Except for a limited number of transactions, we do not actually convert yen into dollars. As a result, we view foreign currency translation as a financial reporting issue for Aflac and not an economic event to our Company or shareholders.
General market conditions affect investments and investment income.
We have substantial investment portfolios that support our policy liabilities. Low levels of interest rates on investments, such as those experienced in the United States and Japan during recent years, have negatively impacted the level of investment income earned by the Company. Slower investment income growth will occur if this lower interest rate environment should continue.
Financial market conditions can also affect our realized and unrealized investment gains or losses. During periods of rising interest rates, the fair values of our investments will decline. Conversely, during periods of falling interest rates, the fair values of our investments will rise. Should significant amounts of unrealized gains/losses occur because of changes in market yields, we would not expect to realize significant gains or losses due to our ability and intent to hold the securities to maturity. See the Investments and Cash section of MD&A for more information.
Availability of longer-term yen-denominated investments could adversely affect our profits.
We attempt to match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. At December 31, 2005, the average duration of Aflac Japan's policy liabilities was approximately 13 years, and the average duration of its yen-denominated debt securities was approximately 12 years due to the limited availability of acceptable yen-denominated long-duration securities. When our debt securities mature, there is a risk that the proceeds will be reinvested at a yield below that of the interest required for the accretion of policy liabilities. If this occurs, Aflac Japan's business would be adversely affected.
I-18
Concentration of our investment portfolios in any particular sector of the economy may have an adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.
The concentration of our investment portfolios in any particular industry, group of related industries or geographic sector could have an adverse effect on our investment portfolios and, consequently, on our results of operations and financial position. Events or developments that have a negative impact on any particular industry, group of related industries or geographic sector may have a greater adverse effect on the investment portfolios to the extent that the portfolios are concentrated rather than diversified.
If future policy benefits, claims or expenses exceed those anticipated in establishing premiums and reserves, our financial results would be adversely affected.
We establish and carry, as a liability, reserves based on estimates of how much will be required to pay for future benefits and claims. We calculate these reserves using various assumptions and estimates, including premiums we will receive over the assumed life of the policy, the timing of the events covered by the insurance policy, the amount of benefits or claims to be paid and the investment returns on the assets we purchase with a portion of our net cash flow from operations. These assumptions and estimates are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, we cannot determine with precision the ultimate amounts that we will pay for, or the timing of payment of, actual benefits and claims or whether the assets supporting the policy liabilities will grow to the level we assume prior to payment of benefits or claims. If our actual experience is different from our assumptions or estimates, our reserves may prove inadequate. As a result, we would incur a charge to earnings in the period in which we determine such a shortfall exists. This estimation process is a critical accounting policy for the Company. For additional information, see the Critical Accounting Policies section of MD&A.
Our operating subsidiaries provide cash flow to the Parent Company.
Aflac Incorporated is a holding company and has no direct operations or no significant assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries. Because we conduct our operations through our operating subsidiaries, we depend on those entities for dividends and other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet our financial obligations. In addition, there is no assurance that the earnings from, or other available assets of, our operating subsidiaries will be sufficient to make distributions to us to enable us to operate.
I-19
Extensive regulation can impact profitability and growth.
Aflac's insurance subsidiaries are subject to complex laws and regulations that are administered and enforced by a number of governmental authorities, including state insurance regulators, the SEC, the NAIC, the FSA, the U.S. Department of Justice, state attorneys general, and the Internal Revenue Service, each of which exercises a degree of interpretive latitude. Consequently, we are subject to the risk that compliance with any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal or regulatory issue may not result in compliance with another regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of the same issue, particularly when compliance is judged in hindsight. There is also a risk that any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of a legal or regulatory issue may change over time to our detriment. In addition, changes in the overall legal or regulatory environment may, even absent any particular regulator's or enforcement authority's interpretation of an issue changing, cause us to change our views regarding the actions we need to take from a legal or regulatory risk management perspective, thus necessitating changes to our practices that may, in some cases, limit our ability to grow or otherwise negatively impact the profitability of our business.
The primary purpose of insurance company regulation supervision is the protection of insurance policyholders, rather than investors. The extent of regulation varies, but generally is governed by state statutes in the United States and by the Financial Services Agency and the Ministry of Finance in Japan. These systems of supervision and regulation cover, among other things:
I-20
Sales of our products and services are dependent on our ability to attract, retain and support a network of qualified sales associates.
Our sales could be adversely affected if our sales networks deteriorate or if we do not adequately provide support, training and education for our existing network. Competition exists for sales associates with demonstrated ability. We compete with other insurers and financial institutions primarily on the basis of our products, compensation, support services and financial rating. Our inability to attract and retain qualified sales associates could have a material adverse effect on sales and our results of operations and financial condition. Our sales associates are independent contractors and may sell products of our competitors. If our competitors offer products that are more attractive than ours, or pay higher commissions than we do, these sales associates may concentrate their efforts on selling our competitors' products instead of ours.
Success of our business depends in part on effective information technology systems and on continuing to develop and implement improvements in technology; certain significant multi-year strategic information technology projects are currently in process.
Our business depends in large part on our technology systems for interacting with employers, policyholders and sales associates, and our business strategy involves providing customers with easy-to-use products to meet their needs. Some of our information technology systems and software are older, legacy-type systems that are less efficient and require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain or upgrade to current standards (including adequate business continuity procedures). We are currently developing new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving industry and regulatory standards, and customer demands. Our success is dependent in large part on maintaining the effectiveness of existing systems and on implementing improvements and continuing to develop and enhance information systems that support our business processes in a cost-efficient manner.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the FASB or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of generally accepted accounting principles in both the United States and Japan, which are periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB. It is possible that future changes we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our results and financial condition.
I-21
Any decrease in our financial strength ratings may have an adverse effect on our competitive position.
Financial strength ratings are important factors in establishing the competitive position of insurance companies and generally have an effect on an insurance company's business. On an ongoing basis, rating agencies review the financial performance and condition of insurers and could downgrade or change the outlook on an insurer's ratings due to, for example, a change in an insurer's statutory capital; a change in a rating agency's determination of the amount of risk-adjusted capital required to maintain a particular rating; an increase in the perceived risk of an insurer's investment portfolio; a reduced confidence in management or other considerations that may or may not be under the insurer's control. Because all of our ratings are subject to continuous review, the retention of these ratings cannot be assured. A multiple level downgrade in any of these ratings could have a material adverse effect on our sales, our competitiveness, and the marketability of our product offerings impacting our liquidity, operating results and financial condition. See the Rating Agencies section of MD&A for additional information.
We face risks related to litigation.
We are a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. Some of this litigation is pending in states where large punitive damages bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by plaintiffs have been awarded against other companies, including insurers, in recent years. Although the final results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, litigation could adversely affect us because of the costs of defending these cases, costs of settlement or judgments against us or because of changes in our operations that could result from litigation.
Managing key executive succession is critical to our success.
We would be adversely affected if we fail to adequately plan for succession of our senior management and other key executives. While we have succession plans and employment arrangements with certain key executives, these do not guarantee that the services of these executives will be available to us.
We also face other risks that could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition, which include:
I-22
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
Not applicable.
Aflac owns land and buildings (approximately 870,000 square feet) that comprise two primary campuses located in Columbus, Georgia. These campuses include buildings that serve as our worldwide headquarters and house administrative support functions for our U.S. operations. Aflac also leases administrative office space in Georgia, New York, and Nebraska.
In Tokyo, Japan, Aflac owns an administrative office building and a training facility. Aflac also leases additional office space in Tokyo along with regional offices located throughout the country.
We are a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. Some of this litigation is pending in states where large punitive damages bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by plaintiffs have been awarded against other companies, including insurers, in recent years. Although the final results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
There were no matters submitted to the security holders for a vote during the quarter ended December 31, 2005.
I-23
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES. |
Market Information
Aflac Incorporated's common stock is principally traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AFL. Our stock is also listed on the Pacific Exchange and the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The quarterly high and low market prices for the Company's common stock, as reported on the principal exchange market for the two years ended December 31, were as follows:
Quarterly Common Stock Prices |
|||||||||
2005 |
High |
Low |
|||||||
|
4th Quarter |
$ |
49.65 |
$ |
44.38 |
||||
|
3rd Quarter |
46.33 |
42.72 |
||||||
|
2nd Quarter |
44.15 |
35.50 |
||||||
|
1st Quarter |
40.42 |
36.86 |
||||||
|
2004 |
High |
Low |
||||||
|
4th Quarter |
$ |
40.74 |
$ |
33.85 |
||||
|
3rd Quarter |
41.97 |
37.00 |
||||||
|
2nd Quarter |
42.60 |
38.73 |
||||||
1st Quarter |
41.50 |
34.62 |
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Holders
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
Number of common |
||||||
shares outstanding |
498,893,553 |
503,607,777 |
||||
Approximate number of registered |
||||||
common shareholders |
80,808 |
78,167 |
||||
II-1
Dividends
|
2005 |
2004 |
|||||
|
|||||||
4th Quarter |
$ |
.11 |
$ |
.095 |
|||
3rd Quarter |
.11 |
.095 |
|||||
2nd Quarter |
.11 |
.095 |
|||||
1st Quarter |
.11 |
.095 |
|||||
We expect comparable dividends to continue to be paid in future periods. For information concerning dividend restrictions, see the Capital Resources and Liquidity section of the MD&A and Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented in this report.
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans
Pursuant to General Instruction G to Form 10-K, this information is incorporated by reference from the Company's 2006 Notice and Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about March 17, 2006.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the fourth quarter of 2005, we repurchased shares of Aflac stock as follows:
|
(c) Total |
(d) Maximum |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number |
Number of |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
of Shares |
Shares that |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Purchased |
May Yet Be |
||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Total |
as Part of |
Purchased |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Number of |
(b) Average |
Announced |
Under the |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Shares |
Price Paid |
Plans or |
Plans or |
||||||||||||||||||
Period |
Purchased |
Per Share |
Programs |
Programs |
||||||||||||||||||
October 1 - October 31 |
200,000 |
$ |
47.89 |
200,000 |
19,127,463 |
|||||||||||||||||
November 1 - November 30 |
2,218,300 |
48.32 |
2,218,300 |
16,909,163 |
||||||||||||||||||
December 1 - December 31 |
- |
- |
- |
16,909,163 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Total |
2,418,300 |
$ |
48.28 |
2,418,300 |
16,909,163 |
||||||||||||||||
The remaining 16,909,163 shares relate to a repurchase authorization approved by the board and announced in February 2004. |
II-2
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA. |
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries |
|||||||||||||||||
Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
(In millions, except for share and |
|||||||||||||||||
per-share amounts) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||||
Revenues: |
|||||||||||||||||
Premiums, principally |
|||||||||||||||||
supplemental health |
|||||||||||||||||
|
insurance |
$ |
11,990 |
$ |
11,302 |
$ |
9,921 |
$ |
8,595 |
$ |
8,061 |
||||||
|
Net investment income |
2,071 |
1,957 |
1,787 |
1,614 |
1,550 |
|||||||||||
Realized investment gains |
|||||||||||||||||
|
(losses) |
262 |
(12 |
) |
(301 |
) |
(14 |
) |
(31 |
) |
|||||||
|
Other income |
40 |
34 |
40 |
62 |
18 |
|||||||||||
|
Total revenues |
14,363 |
13,281 |
11,447 |
10,257 |
9,598 |
|||||||||||
Benefits and expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Benefits and claims |
8,890 |
8,482 |
7,529 |
6,589 |
6,303 |
|||||||||||
|
Expenses |
3,247 |
3,026 |
2,720 |
2,445 |
2,248 |
|||||||||||
|
Total benefits and expenses |
12,137 |
11,508 |
10,249 |
9,034 |
8,551 |
|||||||||||
Pretax earnings |
2,226 |
1,773 |
1,198 |
1,223 |
1,047 |
||||||||||||
Income taxes |
743 |
507 |
430 |
438 |
393 |
||||||||||||
|
Net earnings |
$ |
1,483 |
(1) |
$ |
1,266 |
(2) |
$ |
768 |
$ |
785 |
(3) |
$ |
654 |
|||
Share and Per-Share Amounts |
|||||||||||||||||
Net earnings (basic) |
$ |
2.96 |
(1) |
$ |
2.49 |
(2) |
$ |
1.50 |
$ |
1.52 |
(3) |
$ |
1.25 |
||||
Net earnings (diluted) |
2.92 |
(1) |
2.45 |
(2) |
1.47 |
1.49 |
(3) |
1.22 |
|||||||||
Cash dividends |
.44 |
.38 |
.30 |
.23 |
.193 |
||||||||||||
Common shares used for |
|||||||||||||||||
basic EPS (In thousands) |
500,939 |
507,333 |
513,220 |
517,541 |
525,098 |
||||||||||||
Common shares used for |
|||||||||||||||||
diluted EPS (In thousands) |
507,704 |
516,421 |
522,138 |
528,326 |
537,383 |
||||||||||||
Supplemental Data |
|||||||||||||||||
Yen/dollar exchange rate at |
|||||||||||||||||
year-end (yen) |
118.07 |
104.21 |
107.13 |
119.90 |
131.95 |
||||||||||||
Weighted-average yen/dollar |
|||||||||||||||||
exchange rate (yen) |
109.88 |
108.26 |
115.95 |
125.15 |
121.54 |
||||||||||||
Prior-year amounts have been adjusted for adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2005. |
|||||||||||||||||
(1) |
Includes a benefit of $34 ($.07 per basic and diluted share) for the release of a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets in 2005 |
||||||||||||||||
(2) |
Includes a benefit of $128 ($.25 per basic and diluted share) for the release of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and a benefit of $3 ($.01 per basic and diluted share) for the Japan pension obligation transfer in 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
(3) |
Includes a charge of $26 ($.05 per basic and diluted share) for the policyholder protection fund in 2002 in Japan |
(continued)
II-3
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries |
|||||||||||||||||
December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||||
Assets: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Investments and cash |
$ |
48,989 |
$ |
51,955 |
$ |
44,050 |
$ |
39,147 |
$ |
32,792 |
||||||
|
Other |
7,372 |
7,371 |
6,914 |
5,911 |
5,068 |
|||||||||||
|
Total assets |
$ |
56,361 |
$ |
59,326 |
$ |
50,964 |
$ |
45,058 |
$ |
37,860 |
||||||
Liabilities and shareholders' equity: |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Policy liabilities |
$ |
42,329 |
$ |
43,556 |
$ |
39,240 |
$ |
32,726 |
$ |
27,592 |
||||||
|
Notes payable |
1,395 |
1,429 |
1,409 |
1,312 |
1,207 |
|||||||||||
|
Income taxes |
2,577 |
2,445 |
2,187 |
2,362 |
2,090 |
|||||||||||
|
Other liabilities |
2,133 |
4,320 |
1,480 |
2,262 |
1,545 |
|||||||||||
|
Shareholders' equity |
7,927 |
7,576 |
6,648 |
6,396 |
5,426 |
|||||||||||
|
Total liabilities and |
||||||||||||||||
shareholders' equity |
$ |
56,361 |
$ |
59,326 |
$ |
50,964 |
$ |
45,058 |
$ |
37,860 |
|||||||
Prior-year amounts have been adjusted for adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2005. |
II-4
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. |
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" to encourage companies to provide prospective information, so long as those informational statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. We desire to take advantage of these provisions. This report contains cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected herein, and in any other statements made by Company officials in communications with the financial community and contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Forward-looking statements are not based on historical information and relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Furthermore, forward-looking information is subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. In particular, statements containing words such as "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "goal," "objective," "may," "should," "estimate," "intends," "projects," "will," "assumes," "potential," "target," or similar words as well as specific projections of future results, generally qualify as forward-looking. Aflac undertakes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements.
We caution readers that the following factors, in addition to other factors mentioned from time to time could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements:
II-5
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) and its subsidiaries (the Company) primarily sell supplemental health and life insurance in the United States and Japan. The Company's insurance business is marketed and administered through American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac), which operates in the United States (Aflac U.S.) and as a branch in Japan (Aflac Japan). Most of Aflac's policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents. Our insurance operations in the United States and our branch in Japan service the two markets for our insurance business.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to inform the reader about matters affecting the financial condition and results of operations of Aflac Incorporated and its subsidiaries for the three-year period ended December 31, 2005. As a result, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements and notes. Prior-year results have been adjusted to reflect adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised), Share-Based Payment, on January 1, 2005. For additional information, see Notes 1 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
This MD&A is divided into four primary sections. In the first section, we discuss our critical accounting estimates. We then follow with a discussion of the results of our operations on a consolidated basis and by segment. The third section presents an analysis of our financial condition as well as a discussion of market risks of financial instruments. We conclude by addressing the availability of capital and the sources and uses of cash in the Capital Resources and Liquidity section.
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates based on currently available information when recording transactions resulting from business operations. The estimates that we deem to be most critical to an understanding of Aflac's results of operations and financial condition are those related to investments, deferred policy acquisition costs and policy liabilities. The preparation and evaluation of these critical accounting estimates involve the use of various assumptions developed from management's analyses and judgments. The application of these critical accounting estimates determines the values at which 95% of our assets and 83% of our liabilities are reported and thus have a direct effect on net earnings and shareholders' equity. Subsequent experience or use of other assumptions could produce significantly different results.
II-6
Investments
Investments in debt and equity securities include both publicly issued and privately issued securities. For privately issued securities, we receive pricing data from external sources that take into account each security's credit quality and liquidity characteristics. We also routinely review our investments that have experienced declines in fair value to determine if the decline is other than temporary. These reviews are performed with consideration of the facts and circumstances of an issuer in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 59, Accounting for Non-Current Marketable Equity Securities; SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities; and related guidance. The identification of distressed investments, the determination of fair value if not publicly traded, and the assessment of whether a decline is other than temporary involve significant management judgment and require evaluation of factors, including but not limited to:
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Policy Liabilities
Aflac's products are generally long-duration fixed-benefit indemnity contracts. As such, our products are accounted for under the requirements of SFAS No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises. We make estimates of certain factors that affect the profitability of our business in order to match expected policy benefits and expenses with expected policy premiums. These assumptions include persistency, morbidity, mortality, investment yields and expenses. If actual results mirror the assumptions used in establishing policy liabilities and the deferral and amortization of acquisition costs, profits will emerge as a level percentage of earned premiums. However, because actual results will vary from the assumptions, profits as a percentage of earned premiums will vary from year to year.
We measure the adequacy of our policy reserves and recoverability of deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC) annually by performing gross premium valuations on our business. Our testing indicates that our insurance liabilities are adequate and that our DAC is recoverable.
II-7
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Under the requirements of SFAS No. 60, certain costs of acquiring new business are deferred and amortized over the policy's premium payment period in proportion to anticipated premium income. Future amortization of DAC is based upon our estimates of persistency, interest, and future premium revenue at time of policy issuance. However, the unamortized balance of DAC reflects actual persistency. As presented in the following table, the ratio of unamortized DAC to annualized premiums in force has been relatively stable for Aflac U.S. and Aflac Japan over the last three years.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost Ratios |
|||||||||||||
Aflac Japan |
Aflac U.S. |
||||||||||||
(In Yen) |
(In Dollars) |
||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs |
427,894 |
397,261 |
368,535 |
1,966 |
1,783 |
1,604 |
|||||||
Annualized premiums in force |
1,027,762 |
961,895 |
900,251 |
3,711 |
3,374 |
3,043 |
|||||||
Deferred policy acquisition costs as |
|||||||||||||
a percentage of annualized |
|||||||||||||
premiums in force |
41.6 |
% |
41.3 |
% |
40.9 |
% |
53.0 |
% |
52.8 |
% |
52.7 |
% |
|
Policy Liabilities
Our policy liabilities, which are determined in accordance with SFAS No. 60 and Actuarial Standards of Practice, include two primary components: future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, which accounted for 89% and 6% of total policy liabilities as of December 31, 2005, respectively.
Future policy benefits provide for claims that will occur in the future and are generally calculated as the present value of future expected benefits to be incurred less the present value of future expected net benefit premiums. We calculate future policy benefits based on assumptions of morbidity, mortality, persistency and interest. These assumptions are established at the time a policy is issued. The assumptions used in the calculations are closely related to those used in developing the gross premiums for a policy. As required by GAAP, we also include a provision for adverse deviation, which is intended to accommodate adverse fluctuations in actual experience.
Unpaid policy claims include those claims that have been incurred and are in the process of payment as well as an estimate of those claims that have been incurred but have not yet been reported to us. We compute unpaid policy claims on an undiscounted basis using statistical analyses of historical claims payments, adjusted for current trends and changed conditions. Assumptions underlying the estimate of unpaid policy claims are updated regularly and incorporate our historical experience as well as other data that provides information regarding our outstanding liability.
Claims incurred under Aflac's policies are generally reported and paid in a relatively short time frame. They are sensitive to frequency and severity of claims. They are not, however, subject to medical cost inflation because benefits are based on a fixed indemnity. Our claims experience is primarily related to the demographics of our policyholders.
II-8
In computing the estimate of unpaid policy claims, we consider many factors, including the benefits and amounts available under the policy, the volume and demographics of the policies exposed to claims, and internal business practices, such as incurred date assignment and current claim administrative practices. We monitor these conditions closely and make adjustments to the liability as actual experience emerges. Claim levels are generally stable from period to period; however, fluctuations in claim levels may occur. In calculating the unpaid policy claim liability, we do not calculate a range of estimates. However, if current period claims were to change by 1%, we would expect the unpaid policy claim liability to change by approximately $19 million.
The following table provides details of policy liabilities by segment and in total as of December 31.
Policy Liabilities |
|||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||||
U.S. segment: |
|||||||||||
Future policy benefits |
$ |
3,780 |
$ |
3,354 |
|||||||
Unpaid policy claims |
848 |
708 |
|||||||||
Other policy liabilities |
143 |
136 |
|||||||||
Total U.S. policy liabilities |
$ |
4,771 |
$ |
4,198 |
|||||||
Japan segment: |
|||||||||||
Future policy benefits |
$ |
34,071 |
$ |
36,005 |
|||||||
Unpaid policy claims |
1,657 |
1,646 |
|||||||||
Other policy liabilities |
1,828 |
1,705 |
|||||||||
Total Japan policy liabilities |
$ |
37,556 |
$ |
39,356 |
|||||||
Consolidated: |
|||||||||||
Future policy benefits |
$ |
37,853 |
$ |
39,360 |
|||||||
Unpaid policy claims |
2,504 |
2,355 |
|||||||||
Other policy liabilities |
1,972 |
1,841 |
|||||||||
Total consolidated policy liabilities |
$ |
42,329 |
$ |
43,556 |
|||||||
New Accounting Pronouncements
During the last three years, various accounting standard-setting bodies have been active in soliciting comments and issuing statements, interpretations and exposure drafts on issues, including equity-based compensation, pensions, variable interest entities, special purpose entities, derivatives, intangible assets and business combinations.
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R). This standard amends SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and supercedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related implementation guidance. SFAS 123R focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions, such as granting stock options. It requires that companies use a fair value method to value share-based awards and recognize the related compensation expense in net earnings. We adopted SFAS 123R January 1, 2005, using the modified-retrospective application method. As a result, prior-year results have been adjusted to reflect the expensing of share-based awards. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
II-9
In November 2005, the FASB issued Staff Position Number FAS 115-1, The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments (FSP 115-1). FSP 115-1 addresses the determination as to when an investment is considered impaired, whether that impairment is other than temporary, and the measurement of an impairment loss. It also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of an other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses that have not been recognized as other-than-temporary impairments. The guidance in FSP 115-1 amends FASB Statement No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, and was effective January 1, 2006. We do not expect the adoption of this staff position to have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
In September 2005, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the AICPA issued Statement of Position (SOP) 05-1, Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts (SOP 05-1). SOP 05-1 provides accounting guidance on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in SFAS No. 97, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments. SOP 05-1 is effective for internal replacements occurring in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with earlier adoption encouraged. Retrospective application of this SOP to previously issued financial statements is not permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this SOP on our accounting for internal replacements.
For additional information on new accounting pronouncements and the impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table is a presentation of items impacting net earnings and net earnings per diluted share for the years ended December 31.
Items Impacting Net Earnings |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
In Millions |
Per Diluted Share |
|||||||||||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ |
1,483 |
$ |
1,266 |
$ |
768 |
$ |
2.92 |
$ |
2.45 |
$ |
1.47 |
|||||||
Items impacting net earnings, net of tax: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Realized investment gains (losses) |
167 |
(5 |
) |
(191 |
) |
.33 |
(.01 |
) |
(.37 |
) |
|||||||||
Impact from SFAS 133 |
(10 |
) |
(13 |
) |
(3 |
) |
(.02 |
) |
(.03 |
) |
- |
||||||||
Release of valuation allowance |
|||||||||||||||||||
on deferred tax assets |
34 |
128 |
- |
.07 |
.25 |
- |
|||||||||||||
Japanese pension obligation transfer |
- |
3 |
- |
- |
.01 |
- |
|||||||||||||
II-10
Realized Investment Gains and Losses
Our investment strategy is to invest in fixed-income securities in order to provide a reliable stream of investment income, which is one of the drivers of the Company's profitability. We do not purchase securities with the intent of generating capital gains or losses. However, investment gains and losses may be realized as a result of changes in the financial markets and the creditworthiness of specific issuers. The realization of investment gains and losses is independent of the underwriting and administration of our insurance products, which are the principal drivers of our profitability.
In 2005, we realized pretax gains of $262 million (after-tax, $167 million, or $.33 per diluted share). The significant realized investment gains in 2005 primarily resulted from the execution of bond swaps in the third and fourth quarters that took advantage of tax loss carryforwards. These bond swaps also improved overall portfolio credit quality and investment income.
During the third quarter of 2004, we received an issuer's offer to redeem certain available-for-sale yen-denominated debt securities held by the Company. We accepted the issuer's offer of $205 million and recorded a pretax loss of $23 million. This investment loss and other investment gains and losses in the normal course of business decreased 2004 pretax earnings by $12 million (after-tax, $5 million, or $.01 per diluted share).
Realized investment losses in 2003 related primarily to the sale of our investment in Parmalat at a pretax loss of $257 million. We also sold our investment in Levi Strauss at a pretax loss of $38 million. These investment losses and other investment transactions in the normal course of business decreased 2003 pretax earnings by $301 million (after-tax, $191 million, or $.37 per diluted share).
Impact from SFAS 133
We entered into cross-currency swap agreements to effectively convert our dollar-denominated senior debt obligation, which matures in 2009, into a yen-denominated obligation (see Notes 4 and 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The effect of issuing fixed-rate, dollar-denominated debt and swapping it into fixed-rate, yen-denominated debt has the same economic impact on Aflac as if we had issued yen-denominated debt of a like amount. However, the accounting treatment for cross-currency swaps is different from issuing yen-denominated Samurai notes. SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS 133), requires that the change in the fair value of the interest rate component of the cross-currency swap, which does not qualify for hedge accounting, be reflected in net earnings (other income). This change in fair value is determined by relative dollar and yen interest rates and has no cash impact on our results of operations. At maturity, the swaps' fair value and their initial contract fair value will be equal, and the cumulative impact of gains and losses from the changes in fair value of the interest component will be zero. We have the ability and intent to retain the cross-currency swaps until their maturity. The impact from SFAS 133 includes the change in fair value of the interest rate component of the cross-currency swaps, which does not qualify for hedge accounting.
II-11
We have also issued yen-denominated Samurai notes. We have designated 110 billion yen of these notes as a hedge of our investment in Aflac Japan. If the value of these yen-denominated notes and the cross-currency swaps exceeds our investment in Aflac Japan, we would be required to recognize the foreign currency effect on the excess, or ineffective portion, in net earnings (other income). The ineffective portion would be included in the impact from SFAS 133. These hedges were effective during the three-year period ended December 31, 2005; therefore, there was no impact on net earnings. See Notes 1 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Nonrecurring Items
We received regulatory approval for a change in the allocation of expenses under the management fee agreement between Aflac and the Parent Company in 2005. This enabled the Parent Company to fully utilize its tax-basis, non-life operating losses and therefore release the valuation allowance on the associated deferred tax assets, resulting in a benefit of $34 million ($.07 per diluted share) in 2005.
The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 eliminated the 90% limitation on the utilization of foreign tax credits. As a result of this tax law change, we recognized a benefit of $128 million ($.25 per diluted share) in 2004 for the release of the valuation allowance associated with certain deferred tax assets. The 2005 and 2004 tax benefits are included as reductions to income tax expense in the consolidated statement of earnings.
During 2004, we concluded the process of returning the substitutional portion of Aflac Japan's pension plan to the Japanese government as allowed by the Japan Pension Insurance Law. We recognized a one-time gain (other income) as the result of this transfer to the Japanese government in the amount of $6 million (after-tax, $3 million, or $.01 per diluted share) in 2004. For additional information on the transfer, see Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Foreign Currency Translation
Aflac Japan's premiums and most of its investment income are received in yen. Claims and expenses are paid in yen, and we primarily purchase yen-denominated assets to support yen-denominated policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial statement items are translated into dollars for financial reporting purposes. We translate Aflac Japan's yen-denominated income statement into dollars using an average exchange rate for the reporting period, and we translate its yen-denominated balance sheet using the exchange rate at the end of the period. However, it is important to distinguish between translating and converting foreign currency. Except for a limited number of transactions, we do not actually convert yen into dollars.
II-12
Due to the size of Aflac Japan, where our functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant effect on our reported results. In periods when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported. Consequently, yen weakening has the effect of suppressing current year results in relation to the prior year, while yen strengthening has the effect of magnifying current year results in relation to the prior year. As a result, we view foreign currency translation as a financial reporting issue for Aflac and not an economic event to our Company or shareholders. Because changes in exchange rates distort the growth rates of our operations, management evaluates Aflac's financial performance excluding the impact of foreign currency translation.
Income Taxes
Our combined U.S. and Japanese effective income tax rate on pretax earnings was 33.4% in 2005, 28.6% in 2004 and 35.8% in 2003. Total income taxes were $743 million in 2005, compared with $507 million in 2004 and $430 million in 2003. The lower than normal income tax rate primarily resulted from the release of the valuation allowance for non-life losses in 2005. Our 2004 effective income tax rate and tax expense were impacted by the release of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets discussed previously. Japanese income taxes on Aflac Japan's results accounted for most of our consolidated income tax expense. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Earnings Guidance
We communicate earnings guidance in this report based on the growth in net earnings per diluted share. However, certain items that cannot be predicted or that are outside of management's control may have a significant impact on actual results. Therefore, our comparison of net earnings includes certain assumptions to reflect the limitations that are inherent in projections of net earnings. In comparing year-over-year results, we exclude the effect of realized investment gains and losses, the impact from SFAS 133 and nonrecurring items. We also assume no impact from foreign currency translation on the Aflac Japan segment and the Parent Company's yen-denominated interest expense for a given year in relation to the prior year.
Subject to the preceding assumptions, our objective for 2005 was to achieve net earnings per diluted share of at least $2.56, an increase of 14.8%. Based on 2005 net earnings per diluted share of $2.92, adjusted for realized investment gains ($.33 per diluted share), the impact from SFAS 133 (a loss of $.02 per diluted share), the release of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (a gain of $.07 per diluted share) and foreign currency translation (a loss of $.02 per diluted share), we met our objective for the year.
Our objective for 2006 is to achieve net earnings per diluted share of at least $2.92, an increase of 15.0% over 2005 using the preceding assumptions. If we achieve this objective, the following table shows the likely results for 2006 net earnings per diluted share, including the impact of foreign currency translation using various yen/dollar exchange rate scenarios.
II-13
2006 Net Earnings Per Share (EPS) Scenarios* |
||||||||||||
Weighted-Average |
||||||||||||
Yen/Dollar |
Net Earnings Per |
% Growth |
Yen Impact |
|||||||||
Exchange Rate |
Diluted Share |
Over 2005 |
on EPS |
|||||||||
100.00 |
$ |
3.06 |
20.5 |
% |
.14 |
|||||||
105.00 |
2.99 |
17.7 |
.07 |
|||||||||
109.88 |
** |
2.92 |
15.0 |
- |
||||||||
115.00 |
2.86 |
12.6 |
(.06 |
) |
||||||||
120.00 |
2.80 |
10.2 |
(.12 |
) |
||||||||
* |
Excludes realized investment gains/losses, impact from SFAS 133 and nonrecurring items in 2006 and 2005; and assumes no impact from currency translation in 2006 |
|||||||||||
** |
Actual 2005 weighted-average exchange rate |
Our objective for 2007 had been to increase net earnings per diluted share by 13% to 16%, on the basis described above. However, based on the development of our business, we now expect net earnings per diluted share to increase by 15% to 16%, on the basis described above.
INSURANCE OPERATIONS
Aflac's insurance business consists of two segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. Aflac Japan, which operates as a branch of Aflac, is the principal contributor to consolidated earnings. GAAP financial reporting requires that a company report financial and descriptive information about operating segments in its annual financial statements. Furthermore, we are required to report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain revenue and expense items, and segment assets. We measure and evaluate our insurance segments' financial performance using operating earnings on a pretax basis. We define segment operating earnings as the profits we derive from our operations before realized investment gains and losses, the impact from SFAS 133, and nonrecurring items. We believe that an analysis of segment pretax operating earnings is vitally important to an understanding of the underlying profitability drivers and trends of our insurance business. Furthermore, because a significant portion of our business is conducted in Japan, we believe it is equally important to understand the impact of translating Japanese yen into U.S. dollars.
We evaluate our sales efforts using new annualized premium sales, an industry operating measure. Total new annualized premium sales, which include new sales and the incremental increase in premiums due to conversions, represent the premiums that we would collect over a 12-month period, assuming the policies remain in force. Premium income, or earned premiums, is a financial performance measure that reflects collected or due premiums that have been earned ratably on policies in force during the reporting period.
II-14
AFLAC JAPAN SEGMENT
Aflac Japan Pretax Operating Earnings
Changes in Aflac Japan's pretax operating earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency, and investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac Japan.
Aflac Japan Summary of Operating Results |
|||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
Premium income |
$ |
8,745 |
$ |
8,368 |
$ |
7,326 |
|||||||
Net investment income |
1,635 |
1,557 |
1,421 |
||||||||||
Other income |
31 |
18 |
18 |
||||||||||
Total operating revenues |
10,411 |
9,943 |
8,765 |
||||||||||
Benefits and claims |
6,898 |
6,679 |
5,943 |
||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
284 |
274 |
255 |
||||||||||
Insurance commissions |
892 |
881 |
812 |
||||||||||
Insurance and other expenses |
822 |
730 |
633 |
||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
1,998 |
1,885 |
1,700 |
||||||||||
Total benefits and expenses |
8,896 |
8,564 |
7,643 |
||||||||||
Pretax operating earnings* |
$ |
1,515 |
$ |
1,379 |
$ |
1,122 |
|||||||
Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate |
109.88 |
108.26 |
115.95 |
||||||||||
|
In Dollars |
In Yen |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage changes over previous year: |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Premium income |
4.5 |
% |
14.2 |
% |
15.0 |
% |
6.3 |
% |
6.7 |
% |
6.4 |
% |
|||||||||||
|
Net investment income |
5.0 |
9.6 |
11.3 |
7.0 |
2.3 |
3.1 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Total operating revenues |
4.7 |
13.4 |
14.6 |
6.6 |
6.0 |
6.1 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Pretax operating earnings* |
9.9 |
22.9 |
23.0 |
11.5 |
14.7 |
10.9 |
|||||||||||||||||
Ratios to total revenues, in dollars: |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||
Benefits and claims |
66.2 |
% |
67.2 |
% |
67.8 |
% |
|
Operating expenses: |
|||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
2.7 |
2.8 |
2.9 |
||||
Insurance commissions |
8.6 |
8.9 |
9.3 |
||||
Insurance and other expenses |
8.0 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
||||
Total operating expenses |
19.3 |
18.9 |
19.4 |
||||
Pretax operating earnings* |
14.5 |
13.9 |
12.8 |
||||
*See Page II-14 for our definition of segment operating earnings. |
II-15
The percentage increases in premium income reflect the growth of premiums in force. The increases in annualized premiums in force in yen of 6.8% in 2005, 6.8% in 2004, and 7.9% in 2003, reflect the high persistency of Aflac Japan's business and the sales of new policies. Annualized premiums in force at December 31, 2005, were 1.03 trillion yen, compared with 961.9 billion yen in 2004, and 900.3 billion yen in 2003. Annualized premiums in force, translated into dollars at respective year-end exchange rates, were $8.7 billion in 2005, $9.2 billion in 2004, and $8.4 billion in 2003.
The benefit ratio has declined over the past several years, reflecting the impact of newer products with lower loss ratios. We have also experienced favorable claim trends in our major product lines. We expect the benefit ratio to continue to decline in future years primarily reflecting the shift to newer products and riders. However, this decline is partially offset by the effects of low investment yields, which affect our profit margin by reducing the spread between investment yields and required interest on policy reserves (see table and discussion on
Page II-26). The operating expense ratio increased in 2005 as a result of additional advertising expenditures and the write-off of previously capitalized systems development costs. We expect the operating expense ratio to be relatively stable in 2006 as we continue our investment in systems development. Due to improvement in the benefit ratio, the pretax operating profit margin expanded to 14.5% in 2005. We expect a modest expansion in the profit margin in 2006 and 2007.Aflac Japan maintains a portfolio of dollar-denominated and reverse-dual currency securities (yen-denominated debt securities with dollar coupon payments). Dollar-denominated investment income from these assets accounted for approximately 32% of Aflac Japan's investment income in 2005, compared with 30% in 2004 and 29% in 2003. In years when the yen strengthens in relation to the dollar, translating Aflac Japan's dollar-denominated investment income into yen lowers growth rates for net investment income, total operating revenues, and pretax operating earnings in yen terms. In years when the yen weakens, translating dollar-denominated investment income into yen magnifies growth rates for net investment income, total operating revenues, and pretax operating earnings in yen terms. The following table illustrates the effect of translating Aflac Japan's dollar-denominated investment income and related items by comparing certain segment results with those that would have been reported had yen/dollar exchange rates remained unchanged from the prior year.
Aflac Japan Percentage Changes Over Prior Year |
|||||||||||||||
(Yen Operating Results) |
|||||||||||||||
Including Foreign |
Excluding Foreign |
||||||||||||||
Currency Changes |
Currency Changes** |
||||||||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
Net investment income |
7.0 |
% |
2.3 |
% |
3.1 |
% |
6.3 |
% |
4.5 |
% |
5.5 |
% |
|||
Total operating revenues |
6.6 |
6.0 |
6.1 |
6.4 |
6.3 |
6.5 |
|||||||||
Pretax operating earnings* |
11.5 |
14.7 |
10.9 |
10.8 |
15.3 |
13.8 |
|||||||||
* |
See Page II-14 for our definition of segment operating earnings. |
||||||||||||||
** |
Amounts excluding foreign currency changes on dollar-denominated items were determined using the same yen/dollar exchange rate for the current year as each respective prior year. |
II-16
Aflac Japan Sales
For 2005, sales increased 5.1% in yen, which was in line with our objective of 5% to 10% growth for the year. We saw strong sales results in our stand-alone medical product category and from cancer life sales through Dai-ichi Mutual Life. However, as expected, sales continued to be affected by sharp declines in Rider MAX sales. The following table presents Aflac Japan's total new annualized premium sales for the years ended December 31.
|
In Dollars |
In Yen |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Total new annualized premium sales |
$ |
1,167 |
$ |
1,133 |
$ |
1,047 |
128.8 |
122.5 |
121.2 |
||||||||||||||||
Increase over prior year |
3.0 |
% |
8.2 |
% |
20.8 |
% |
5.1 |
% |
1.1 |
% |
11.9 |
% |
|||||||||||||
Aflac Japan's sales mix has been shifting during the last few years. The following table details the contributions to total new annualized premium sales by major product for the years ended December 31.
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||
Medical policies |
37 |
% |
31 |
% |
28 |
% |
|||||
Rider MAX |
11 |
20 |
27 |
||||||||
Cancer life |
26 |
23 |
27 |
||||||||
Ordinary life |
18 |
19 |
13 |
||||||||
Other |
8 |
7 |
5 |
||||||||
Total |
100 |
% |
100 |
% |
100 |
% |
|||||
Our medical products, which include our EVER product line, sustained strong sales growth in 2005. With continued cost pressure on Japan's health care system, we expect demand for medical products will continue to rise in the future and we remain encouraged about the outlook for the medical insurance market. Although that market is very competitive, Aflac Japan retains the distinction of being the number one seller of stand-alone medical insurance in Japan. We believe that our number one status provides us with a distinct advantage in the marketplace. As a result, we continue to believe that the medical category will be an important part of our product portfolio.
As we have disclosed previously, we expect Rider MAX conversions and sales to continue to decline in future periods. Conversion activity accounted for approximately 17% of total Rider MAX sales in 2005, compared with 25% in 2004 and 24% in 2003. For policy conversions, new annualized premium sales include only the incremental annualized premium amount over the original term policy. We expect that conversions will continue to decline in future periods.
Cancer life sales benefited from a new product introduction in 2005, as well as our program that converted payroll policies to a direct-billing mode. Our cancer life policies are also marketed by Dai-ichi Mutual Life. In 2005, Dai-ichi Life's sales of our cancer life product increased to 277,700 policies, compared with 244,400 in 2004 and 305,600 in 2003. Dai-ichi Life sales of our cancer life policies accounted for 8% of total new annualized premium sales in 2005, compared with 7% in 2004 and 10% in 2003.
II-17
For 2006, we expect to generate solid sales growth from our medical products. However, we anticipate that lower Rider MAX sales and weaker conversions will continue to restrain sales growth. As a result, our objective for 2006 is to increase total new annualized premium sales in yen by 5% to 8%.
We continued to focus on the growth of our distribution system in Japan. During 2005, the number of licensed sales associates rose 14.6% to approximately 81,700, compared with 71,400 at December 31, 2004. The growth of licensed sales associates resulted primarily from individual agency recruitment. In 2005, we recruited 4,388 agencies, compared with our goal of 4,400 agencies. We believe that new agencies and sales associates will continue to be attracted to Aflac Japan's high commissions, superior products, customer service and brand image. Furthermore, we believe that these new agencies and associates will enable us to further expand our reach in the Japanese market.
Aflac Japan Investments
Growth of investment income in yen is affected by available cash flow from operations, yields on new investments, and the effect of yen/dollar exchange rates on dollar-denominated investment income. Aflac Japan has invested in privately issued securities to secure higher yields than Japanese government or other corporate bonds would have provided, while still adhering to prudent standards for credit quality. All of our privately issued securities are rated investment grade at the time of purchase. These securities are generally issued with standard documentation for medium-term note programs and have appropriate covenants.
The following table compares the results of Aflac Japan's investment activities.
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
New money yield - yen only |
2.95 |
% |
2.94 |
% |
3.20 |
% |
|
New money yield - blended |
3.19 |
3.13 |
3.61 |
||||
Return on average invested assets, net |
|||||||
of investment expenses |
4.14 |
4.26 |
4.45 |
||||
Portfolio yield, including dollar-denominated |
|||||||
investments, end of year |
4.22 |
% |
4.35 |
% |
4.54 |
% |
|
See Investments and Cash on
Page II-27 for additional information.Japanese Economy
Recent events indicate that Japan's economy has begun to recover. The Bank of Japan's January 2006 Monthly Report of Recent Economic & Financial Developments indicates continued increases in exports, an upward trend in industrial production, and continued increases in capital expenditures and household income. The same report also expressed the Bank of Japan's opinion that the economy is expected to continue a steady recovery trend. This opinion is based on expectations of increases in domestic private demand and exports, while issues such as excess corporate debt are dissipating. Nevertheless, the time required for a full economic recovery remains uncertain.
II-18
Japan's system of compulsory public health care insurance provides medical coverage to every Japanese citizen. These public medical expenditures are covered by a combination of premiums paid by insureds and their employers, taxes, and copayments from the people who receive medical service. However, given Japan's aging population, the resources available to these publicly funded social insurance programs have come under increasing pressure and as a result, copayments have been rising and affecting more people. In 2003, copayments were raised from 20% to 30% and additional reforms are being considered for 2006 and 2008. We believe the trend of higher copayments will lead more consumers to purchase supplemental insurance plans. Many insurance companies have recognized the opportunities for selling supplemental insurance in Japan and have launched new products in recent years. However, we believe our favorable cost structure compared with other insurers makes us a very effective competitor. In addition, we believe our brand, customer service, and financial strength also benefit our market position.
II-19
AFLAC U.S. SEGMENT
Aflac U.S. Pretax Operating Earnings
Changes in Aflac U.S. pretax operating earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency and investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac U.S.
Aflac U.S. Summary of Operating Results |
|||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
Premium income |
$ |
3,245 |
$ |
2,935 |
$ |
2,594 |
|||||||
Net investment income |
421 |
396 |
362 |
||||||||||
Other income |
10 |
9 |
9 |
||||||||||
|
Total operating revenues |
3,676 |
3,340 |
2,965 |
|||||||||
Benefits and claims |
1,991 |
1,803 |
1,585 |
||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
258 |
245 |
209 |
||||||||||
Insurance commissions |
410 |
371 |
334 |
||||||||||
Insurance and other expenses |
492 |
424 |
392 |
||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
1,160 |
1,040 |
935 |
||||||||||
|
Total benefits and expenses |
3,151 |
2,843 |
2,520 |
|||||||||
|
Pretax operating earnings* |
$ |
525 |
$ |
497 |
$ |
445 |
||||||
Percentage changes over previous year: |
|||||||||||||
|
Premium income |
10.6 |
% |
13.1 |
% |
16.8 |
% |
||||||
|
Net investment income |
6.5 |
9.4 |
9.3 |
|||||||||
|
Total operating revenues |
10.0 |
12.6 |
15.8 |
|||||||||
|
Pretax operating earnings* |
5.6 |
11.7 |
12.9 |
|||||||||
Ratios to total revenues: |
|||||||||||||
|
Benefits and claims |
54.2 |
% |
54.0 |
% |
53.5 |
% |
||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
7.0 |
7.3 |
7.1 |
||||||||||
Insurance commissions |
11.2 |
11.1 |
11.3 |
||||||||||
Insurance and other expenses |
13.3 |
12.7 |
13.1 |
||||||||||
|
Total operating expenses |
31.5 |
31.1 |
31.5 |
|||||||||
|
Pretax operating earnings* |
14.3 |
14.9 |
15.0 |
|||||||||
*See Page II-14 for our definition of segment operating earnings. |
The percentage increases in premium income reflect the growth of premiums in force. The increases in annualized premiums in force of 10.0% in 2005, 10.9% in 2004, and 13.8% in 2003 were favorably affected by increased sales at the worksite primarily through cafeteria plans and a slight improvement in the persistency of several products. Annualized premiums in force at December 31 were $3.7 billion in 2005, $3.4 billion in 2004, and $3.0 billion in 2003.
II-20
The benefit ratio has increased slightly over the past several years, primarily due to the impact of declining investment yields on the growth of our investment income. As a percentage of premium income, the benefit ratio has been fairly stable at 61.3% in 2005, 61.4% in 2004 and 61.1% in 2003. We expect the benefit ratio to decline slightly in future periods due to favorable claim cost trends. We also expect the operating expense ratio, excluding discretionary promotional expenses, to remain relatively stable. The pretax operating profit margin is expected to improve modestly in 2006.
Overall, the financial effect from hurricanes in 2005 was not material. In early September, we announced that we were allowing a 90-day grace period for premium payments in the hurricane-affected areas as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Additionally, the insurance departments in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama have mandated various grace periods for the affected areas, some of which extended into early 2006. In 2005, we saw a modest increase in policy terminations in the areas impacted by the hurricanes. However, these additional terminations did not have a material impact on our financial results.
Aflac U.S. Sales
We were pleased with the sales results of Aflac U.S. For 2005, sales increased 6.1%, which met our objective of 3% to 8% growth for the year. Our accident/disability and cancer expense products were again the primary contributors to sales. The following table presents Aflac's U.S. total new annualized premium sales for the years ended December 31.
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||||
Total new annualized premium sales |
$ |
1,259 |
$ |
1,186 |
$ |
1,128 |
|||||||||
Increase over prior year |
6.1 |
% |
5.1 |
% |
5.4 |
% |
|||||||||
Our objective for 2006 is to increase total new annualized premium sales by 8% to 12%.
One aspect of our growth strategy is the continued enhancement of our product line. Based on consumer feedback, we revised our dental product in November 2004. We also introduced Vision Now, an innovative vision care product, in July 2005. The following table details the contributions to total new annualized premium sales by major product category for the years ended December 31.
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||||
Accident/disability coverage |
51 |
% |
52 |
% |
51 |
% |
||||||||
Cancer expense insurance |
19 |
20 |
20 |
|||||||||||
Hospital indemnity products |
11 |
11 |
11 |
|||||||||||
Fixed-benefit dental coverage |
8 |
7 |
7 |
|||||||||||
Other |
11 |
10 |
11 |
|||||||||||
Total |
100 |
% |
100 |
% |
100 |
% |
||||||||
We recruited more than 24,200 new associates during 2005, which was 8% higher than 2004 and in line with our expectation of a 5% to 10% increase for the year. Aflac U.S. was represented by more than 63,000 licensed sales associates in 2005, or 7% higher than a year ago.
II-21
Aflac U.S. Investments
The following table compares the results of Aflac's U.S. investment activities.
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
New money yield |
6.16 |
% |
6.30 |
% |
6.52 |
% |
|
Return on average invested assets, net |
|||||||
of investment expenses |
6.54 |
6.68 |
7.36 |
||||
Portfolio yield, end of year |
7.24 |
% |
7.39 |
% |
7.56 |
% |
|
The returns on average invested assets for Aflac U.S. in 2005 and 2004 were reduced by higher-than-usual securities lending at the end of 2004. Excluding loaned securities, and the related investment income earned from our security lending program, the adjusted return was 7.12% in 2005 and 7.22% in 2004. In 2003, securities lending did not have a material effect on the return on average invested assets. See Investments and Cash on
Page II-27 for additional information.OTHER OPERATIONS
Corporate operating expenses consist primarily of personnel compensation, benefits, and facilities expenses. Corporate expenses, excluding investment income, were $56 million in 2005, $67 million in 2004 and $51 million in 2003. Investment income included in reported corporate expenses was $14 million in 2005, and $5 million in both 2004 and 2003. The increase in the 2004 corporate expenses was primarily the result of increased expenses associated with our retirement obligations.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Our financial condition has remained strong in the functional currencies of our operations during the last two years. The yen/dollar exchange rate at the end of each period is used to translate yen-denominated balance sheet items to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. The exchange rate at December 31, 2005, was 118.07 yen to one dollar, or 11.7% weaker than the December 31, 2004, exchange rate of 104.21. The weaker yen decreased reported investments and cash by $5.1 billion, total assets by $5.7 billion, and total liabilities by $5.6 billion, compared with the amounts that would have been reported for 2005 if the exchange rate had remained unchanged from December 31, 2004.
Market Risks of Financial Instruments
Because we invest in fixed-income securities, our financial instruments are exposed primarily to two types of market risks: currency risk and interest rate risk.
II-22
Currency Risk
The functional currency of Aflac Japan's insurance operation is the Japanese yen. All of Aflac Japan's premiums, claims and commissions are received or paid in yen, as are most of its investment income and other expenses. Furthermore, most of Aflac Japan's investments, cash and liabilities are yen-denominated. When yen-denominated securities mature or are sold, the proceeds are generally reinvested in yen-denominated securities. Aflac Japan holds these yen-denominated assets to fund its yen-denominated policy obligations. In addition, Aflac Incorporated has yen-denominated notes payable and cross-currency swaps related to its dollar-denominated senior notes.
Although we generally do not convert yen into dollars, we do translate financial statement amounts from yen into dollars for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, reported amounts are affected by foreign currency fluctuations. We report unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income.
On a consolidated basis, we attempt to minimize the exposure of shareholders' equity to foreign currency translation fluctuations. We accomplish this by investing a portion of Aflac Japan's investment portfolio in dollar-denominated securities, by the Parent Company's issuance of yen-denominated debt and by the use of cross-currency swaps (see Hedging Activities on
Page II-35 for additional information). As a result, the effect of currency fluctuations on our net assets is mitigated. At December 31, consolidated yen-denominated net assets subject to foreign currency fluctuation were $781 million in 2005 and $735 million in 2004. Aflac Japan's yen-denominated net assets were $2.2 billion at both December 31, 2005 and 2004. Aflac Incorporated's yen-denominated net liabilities were $1.4 billion at December 31, 2005, and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2004. The following table demonstrates the effect of foreign currency fluctuations by presenting the dollar values of our yen-denominated assets and liabilities, and our consolidated yen-denominated net asset exposure at selected exchange rates as of December 31.II-23
Dollar Value of Yen-Denominated Assets and Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||
at Selected Exchange Rates |
||||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Yen/dollar exchange rates |
103.07 |
118.07* |
133.07 |
89.21 |
104.21* |
119.21 |
||||||||||||||||
Yen-denominated financial instruments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Assets: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Securities available for sale: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
$ |
21,732 |
$ |
18,971 |
$ |
16,832 |
$ |
24,201 |
$ |
20,718 |
$ |
18,111 |
|||||||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
4,191 |
3,659 |
3,246 |
3,924 |
3,358 |
2,937 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Equity securities |
70 |
61 |
54 |
55 |
47 |
41 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Securities held to maturity: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
12,428 |
10,849 |
9,626 |
11,755 |
10,064 |
8,797 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
4,779 |
4,172 |
3,702 |
5,560 |
4,759 |
4,160 |
|||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
553 |
483 |
429 |
667 |
571 |
499 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Other financial instruments |
35 |
31 |
27 |
- |
- |
- |
|||||||||||||||
|
Subtotal |
43,788 |
38,226 |
33,916 |
46,162 |
39,517 |
34,545 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Liabilities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Notes payable |
1,083 |
945 |
839 |
1,144 |
980 |
856 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Cross-currency swaps |
539 |
471 |
417 |
623 |
533 |
466 |
|||||||||||||||
Japanese policyholder |
||||||||||||||||||||||
protection fund |
232 |
203 |
180 |
308 |
254 |
230 |
||||||||||||||||
Other financial instruments |
- |
- |
- |
42 |
36 |
32 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Subtotal |
1,854 |
1,619 |
1,436 |
2,117 |
1,803 |
1,584 |
|||||||||||||||
Net yen-denominated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
financial instruments |
41,934 |
36,607 |
32,480 |
44,045 |
37,714 |
32,961 |
||||||||||||||||
Other yen-denominated assets |
5,332 |
4,654 |
4,130 |
5,733 |
4,908 |
4,290 |
||||||||||||||||
Other yen-denominated liabilities |
(46,371 |
) |
(40,480 |
) |
(35,917 |
) |
(48,920 |
) |
(41,887 |
) |
(36,609 |
) |
||||||||||
Consolidated yen-denominated |
||||||||||||||||||||||
net assets subject to foreign |
||||||||||||||||||||||
currency fluctuation |
$ |
895 |
$ |
781 |
$ |
693 |
$ |
858 |
$ |
735 |
$ |
642 |
||||||||||
*Actual year-end exchange rate |
We are exposed to economic currency risk only when yen funds are actually converted into dollars. This primarily occurs when we transfer funds from Aflac Japan to Aflac U.S., which is done annually. The exchange rates prevailing at the time of transfer will differ from the exchange rates prevailing at the time the yen profits were earned. These repatriations have not been greater than 80% of Aflac Japan's prior-year FSA-based earnings. A portion of the repatriation may be used to service Aflac Incorporated's yen-denominated notes payable with the remainder converted into dollars.
II-24
Interest Rate Risk
Our primary interest rate exposure is to the effect of changes in interest rates on the fair value of our investments in debt securities. We use modified duration analysis, which measures price percentage volatility, to estimate the sensitivity of fair values to interest rate changes on debt securities we own. For example, if the current duration of a debt security is 10, then the fair value of that security will increase by approximately 10% if market interest rates decrease by 100 basis points, assuming all other factors remain constant. Likewise, the fair value of the debt security will decrease by approximately 10% if market interest rates increase by 100 basis points, assuming all other factors remain constant.
The estimated effect of potential increases in interest rates on the fair values of debt securities we own, notes payable, cross-currency swaps and our obligation for the Japanese policyholder protection fund as of December 31 follows:
Sensitivity of Fair Values of Financial Instruments |
||||||||||||||||
to Interest Rate Changes |
||||||||||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||
|
+100 |
+100 |
||||||||||||||
|
Fair |
Basis |
Fair |
Basis |
||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Value |
Points |
Value |
Points |
||||||||||||
Debt securities: |
||||||||||||||||
|
Fixed-maturity securities: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Yen-denominated |
$ |
29,791 |
$ |
26,427 |
$ |
31,225 |
$ |
28,134 |
|||||||
|
Dollar-denominated |
9,190 |
8,407 |
8,463 |
7,740 |
|||||||||||
|
Perpetual debentures: |
|||||||||||||||
|
Yen-denominated |
7,911 |
7,086 |
8,282 |
7,466 |
|||||||||||
|
Dollar-denominated |
711 |
661 |
661 |
619 |
|||||||||||
Total debt securities |
$ |
47,603 |
$ |
42,581 |
$ |
48,631 |
$ |
43,959 |
||||||||
Notes payable* |
$ |
1,395 |
$ |
1,362 |
$ |
1,461 |
$ |
1,428 |
||||||||
Cross-currency swap liabilities |
$ |
12 |
$ |
10 |
$ |
66 |
$ |
64 |
||||||||
Japanese policyholder protection fund |
$ |
203 |
$ |
203 |
$ |
254 |
$ |
254 |
||||||||
*Excludes capitalized lease obligations |
Changes in the interest rate environment have contributed to the unrealized gains on debt securities we own. However, we do not expect to realize a majority of these unrealized gains because we have the intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity. Likewise, should significant amounts of unrealized losses occur because of increases in market yields, we would not expect to realize these losses because we have the intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity. For additional information on unrealized losses on debt securities, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
II-25
We attempt to match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. For Aflac Japan, the duration of policy benefits and related expenses to be paid in future years is longer than that of the related invested assets due to the unavailability of acceptable long-duration yen-denominated securities. The following table presents the approximate duration of our yen-denominated assets and liabilities, along with premiums, as of December 31.
(In years) |
2005 |
2004 |
||||
Yen-denominated debt securities |
12 |
12 |
||||
Policy benefits and related expenses to be paid in future years |
13 |
13 |
||||
Premiums to be received in future years on policies in force |
10 |
10 |
||||
The following table shows a comparison of average required interest rates for future policy benefits and investment yields, based on amortized cost, for the years ended December 31.
Comparison of Interest Rates for Future Policy Benefits |
|||||||||||||
and Investment Yields |
|||||||||||||
(Net of investment expenses) |
|||||||||||||
|
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. |
Japan |
* |
U.S. |
Japan |
* |
U.S. |
Japan |
* |
||||
Policies issued during year: |
|||||||||||||
|
Required interest on |
||||||||||||
|
policy reserves |
5.50 |
% |
2.88 |
% |
6.36 |
% |
2.97 |
% |
6.40 |
% |
2.98 |
% |
|
New money yield on |
||||||||||||
|
investments |
6.11 |
3.01 |
6.25 |
3.00 |
6.46 |
3.27 |
||||||
Policies in force during year: |
|||||||||||||
|
Required interest on |
||||||||||||
|
policy reserves |
6.36 |
4.79 |
6.40 |
4.87 |
6.40 |
4.93 |
||||||
|
Return on average invested assets |
6.54 |
3.92 |
6.68 |
4.02 |
7.36 |
4.18 |
||||||
*Represents yen-denominated investments for Aflac Japan that support policy obligations and therefore excludes Aflac Japan's annuities, and dollar-denominated investments and related investment income |
In response to low interest rates in the United States, we lowered our required interest assumption for newly issued products to 5.50% in 2005. In Japan, we also lowered our required interest assumption for some newly issued products to 2.50%. However, the majority of Japan's newly issued products have a required interest assumption of 3.00%. We continue to monitor the spread between our new money yield and the required interest assumption for newly issued products in both the United States and Japan and will re-evaluate those assumptions as necessary.
Over the next two years, we have several yen-denominated securities that will mature with yields in excess of Aflac Japan's current net investment yield of 3.92%. These securities total $640 million at amortized cost and have an average yield of 5.91%. These maturities will contribute to a continued decline in our overall portfolio yield. Currently, when debt securities we own mature, the proceeds may be reinvested at a yield below that of the interest required for the accretion of policy benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. However, adding riders to our older policies has helped offset the negative investment spread. And despite negative investment spreads, adequate overall profit margins still exist in Aflac Japan's aggregate block of business because of profits that have emerged from changes in mix of business and favorable experience from mortality, morbidity, and expenses.
II-26
Our investment philosophy is to maximize investment income while emphasizing liquidity, safety and quality. Our investment objective, subject to appropriate risk constraints, is to fund policyholder obligations and other liabilities in a manner that enhances shareholders' equity. We seek to achieve this objective through a diversified portfolio of fixed-income investments that reflects the characteristics of the liabilities it supports.
Aflac invests primarily within the debt securities markets. Our investment activities expose us to credit risk, which is a consequence of extending credit and/or carrying investment positions. However, we continue to adhere to prudent standards for credit quality. We accomplish this by considering our product needs and overall corporate objectives, in addition to credit risk. Our investment policy requires that all securities be rated investment grade at the time of purchase. In evaluating the initial rating, we look at the overall senior issuer rating, the explicit rating for the actual issue or the rating for the security class, and, where applicable, the appropriate designation from the Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). In addition, we perform extensive internal credit reviews to ensure that we are consistent in applying rating criteria for all of our securities. The following table details investment securities by segment as of December 31.
Investment Securities by Segment |
||||||||||||||
|
Aflac Japan |
Aflac U.S. |
||||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
Securities available for sale, at fair value: |
||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
$ |
21,907 |
$ |
23,485 |
$ |
6,134 |
* |
$ |
5,681 |
||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
3,888 |
3,580 |
482 |
439 |
|||||||||
|
Equity securities |
61 |
47 |
23 |
30 |
|||||||||
|
Total available for sale |
25,856 |
27,112 |
6,639 |
6,150 |
|||||||||
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost: |
||||||||||||||
|
Fixed maturities |
10,849 |
10,064 |
18 |
16 |
|||||||||
|
Perpetual debentures |
4,172 |
4,759 |
- |
- |
|||||||||
|
Total held to maturity |
15,021 |
14,823 |
18 |
16 |
|||||||||
|
Total investment securities |
$ |
40,877 |
$ |
41,935 |
$ |
6,657 |
$ |
6,166 |
|||||
*Excludes investment-grade fixed-maturity securities held by the Parent Company of $100 in 2005; the Parent Company had no investment securities as of December 31, 2004. |
The decrease in investments during 2005 reflected the effect of a weaker yen/dollar exchange rate partially offset by the substantial cash flows in the functional currencies of our operations. See Capital Resources and Liquidity on
Page II-35 for additional information.II-27
We have investments in both publicly issued and privately issued securities. However, the status of issuance should not be viewed as an indicator of liquidity or as a limitation on the determination of fair value. The outstanding amount of a particular issuance, as well as the level of activity in a particular issuance and the state of the market, including credit events and the interest rate environment, affect liquidity regardless of type of issuance. We routinely assess the fair value of all of our investments. This process includes evaluating quotations provided by outside securities pricing sources and/or compiled using data provided by external debt and equity market sources, as described more fully in Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table details investment securities by type of issuance as of December 31.
Investment Securities by Type of Issuance |
|||||||||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
Amortized |
Fair |
||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Value |
Cost |
Value |
|||||||||||
Publicly issued securities: |
|||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
$ |
14,872 |
$ |
16,540 |
$ |
15,737 |
$ |
18,122 |
|||||||
Perpetual debentures |
203 |
210 |
109 |
120 |
|||||||||||
Equity securities |
14 |
51 |
15 |
54 |
|||||||||||
Total publicly issued |
15,089 |
16,801 |
15,861 |
18,296 |
|||||||||||
Privately issued securities: |
|||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
21,855 |
22,441 |
20,481 |
21,566 |
|||||||||||
Perpetual debentures |
8,224 |
8,412 |
8,602 |
8,823 |
|||||||||||
Equity securities |
16 |
33 |
19 |
23 |
|||||||||||
Total privately issued |
30,095 |
30,886 |
29,102 |
30,412 |
|||||||||||
Total investment securities |
$ |
45,184 |
$ |
47,687 |
$ |
44,963 |
$ |
48,708 |
|||||||
Total privately issued securities accounted for 66.6%, at amortized cost, of total debt securities as of December 31, 2005, compared with 64.7% at December 31, 2004. Privately issued securities held by Aflac Japan at amortized cost accounted for $27.9 billion, or 61.8%, and $27.0 billion, or 60.1%, of total debt securities at December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Reverse-dual currency debt securities accounted for $8.9 billion, or 29.6%, of total privately issued securities as of December 31, 2005, compared with $7.8 billion, or 26.8%, at December 31, 2004. Aflac Japan has invested in privately issued securities to secure higher yields than those available from Japanese government bonds. Aflac Japan's investments in yen-denominated privately issued securities consist primarily of non-Japanese issuers and have longer maturities, thereby allowing us to improve our asset/liability matching and our overall investment returns. Most of our privately issued securities are issued under medium-term note programs and have standard documentation commensurate with credit ratings, except when internal credit analysis indicates that additional protective and/or event-risk covenants are required.
We use specific criteria to judge the credit quality of both existing and prospective investments. Furthermore, we use several methods to monitor these criteria, including credit rating services and internal credit analysis. All of our securities have ratings from either a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or the SVO of the NAIC. The distributions by credit rating of our purchases of debt securities for the years ended December 31, based on acquisition cost, were as follows:
II-28
Composition of Purchases by Credit Rating |
||||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||||
AAA |
6.1 |
% |
9.1 |
% |
9.0 |
% |
||||
AA |
45.5 |
41.2 |
18.1 |
|||||||
A |
42.9 |
36.7 |
32.4 |
|||||||
BBB |
5.5 |
13.0 |
40.5 |
|||||||
|
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||
The distributions of debt securities we own, by credit rating, were as follows:
Composition by Credit Rating |
|||||||||||||||
December 31, 2005 |
December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
Amortized |
Fair |
||||||||||||
Cost |
Value |
Cost |
Value |
||||||||||||
AAA |
4.0 |
% |
3.9 |
% |
3.5 |
% |
3.5 |
% |
|||||||
AA |
33.7 |
34.9 |
32.7 |
34.3 |
|||||||||||
A |
38.9 |
38.7 |
36.2 |
36.1 |
|||||||||||
BBB |
21.1 |
20.6 |
25.8 |
24.6 |
|||||||||||
BB or lower |
2.3 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
|||||||||||
Total |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
|||||||
The increase in below-investment-grade securities primarily resulted from credit rating downgrades of the securities of two U.S. issuers. In the event of a credit rating downgrade to below-investment-grade status, we do not automatically liquidate our position. However, if the security is in the held-to-maturity portfolio, we immediately transfer it to the available-for-sale portfolio so that the security's fair value and its unrealized gain/loss are reflected on the balance sheet.
Once we designate a security as below investment grade, we intensify our monitoring of the issuer. We do not automatically recognize an impairment for the difference between fair value and amortized cost. Our investment management starts by reviewing its credit analysis. Included in this process are an evaluation of the issuer, its current credit posture and an assessment of the future prospects for the issuer. We then obtain fair value information from at least three independent pricing sources. Upon determining the fair value, we move our focus to an analysis of whether or not the decline in fair value, if any, is other than temporary. For securities with an amortized cost in excess of fair value, investment management then reviews the issue based on our impairment policy to determine if the investment should be impaired and/or liquidated. The assessment of whether a decline is other than temporary requires significant management judgment and is discussed more fully in the Critical Accounting Estimates section on
Page II-6. Securities classified as below investment grade as of December 31 were as follows:II-29
Below-Investment-Grade Securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
Amortized |
Fair |
|||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Value |
Cost |
Value |
||||||||||||||||||
Ahold |
$ |
302 |
$ |
236 |
$ |
338 |
$ |
300 |
||||||||||||||
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines |
254 |
227 |
288 |
239 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ford Motor Credit |
254 |
209 |
* |
* |
||||||||||||||||||
Ford Motor Company |
123 |
84 |
* |
* |
||||||||||||||||||
Toys R Us Japan |
** |
** |
96 |
108 |
||||||||||||||||||
LeGrand |
46 |
52 |
46 |
51 |
||||||||||||||||||
Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. |
45 |
45 |
* |
* |
||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee Gas Pipeline |
31 |
33 |
31 |
33 |
||||||||||||||||||
Ikon Inc. |
** |
** |
8 |
9 |
||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ |
1,055 |
$ |
886 |
$ |
807 |
$ |
740 |
||||||||||||||
* |
Investment grade at respective reporting date |
|||||||||||||||||||||
** |
Sold during 2005 |
Occasionally a debt security will be split rated. This occurs when one rating agency rates the security as investment grade while another rating agency rates the same security as below investment grade. Our policy is to review each issue on a case-by-case basis to determine if a split-rated security should be classified as investment grade or below investment grade. Our review includes evaluating the issuer's credit position as well as current market pricing and other factors, such as the issuer's or security's inclusion on a credit rating downgrade watch list. Split-rated securities as of December 31, 2005, represented .7% of total debt securities at amortized cost and were as follows:
Split-Rated Securities |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Amortized |
Moody's |
S&P |
Fitch |
Investment-Grade |
|||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Rating |
Rating |
Rating |
Status |
|||||||||||||||
Ford Motor Credit |
$ |
254 |
Baa3 |
BB+ |
BB+ |
Below Investment Grade |
||||||||||||||
Tyco Electronics AMP (AMP Japan) |
51 |
Ba1 |
BBB+ |
BBB+ |
Investment Grade |
|||||||||||||||
Union Carbide Corp. |
15 |
B1 |
BBB- |
BBB |
Investment Grade |
|||||||||||||||
The following table provides details on amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gains and losses for our investments in debt securities by investment-grade status as of December 31, 2005.
Total |
Total |
Percent |
Gross |
Gross |
|||||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Fair |
of Fair |
Unrealized |
Unrealized |
|||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Value |
Value |
Gains |
Losses |
||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade securities |
$ |
29,060 |
$ |
31,626 |
66.4 |
% |
$ |
2,967 |
$ |
401 |
|||||||||||
Below-investment-grade securities |
1,055 |
886 |
1.9 |
11 |
180 |
||||||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade securities |
15,039 |
15,091 |
31.7 |
564 |
512 |
||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ |
45,154 |
$ |
47,603 |
100.0 |
% |
$ |
3,542 |
$ |
1,093 |
|||||||||||
II-30
For a presentation of values and unrealized gains and losses for our investments in debt and equity securities as of December 31, 2005, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table presents an aging of securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2005.
Aging of Unrealized Losses |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Six Months |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
Total |
Less Than Six Months |
to 12 Months |
Over 12 Months |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Amortized |
Unrealized |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Loss |
Cost |
Loss |
Cost |
Loss |
Cost |
Loss |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
securities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
securities |
$ |
7,163 |
$ |
401 |
$ |
3,721 |
$ |
209 |
$ |
1,895 |
$ |
58 |
$ |
1,547 |
$ |
134 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Below-investment- |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
grade securities |
921 |
180 |
273 |
47 |
111 |
34 |
537 |
99 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
securities: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
securities |
8,008 |
512 |
3,578 |
109 |
2,351 |
182 |
2,079 |
221 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ |
16,092 |
$ |
1,093 |
$ |
7,572 |
$ |
365 |
$ |
4,357 |
$ |
274 |
$ |
4,163 |
$ |
454 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table presents a distribution of unrealized losses by magnitude as of December 31, 2005.
Percentage Decline From Amortized Cost |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
Total |
Less than 20% |
20% to 36% |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Amortized |
Unrealized |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Cost |
Loss |
Cost |
Loss |
Cost |
Loss |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade securities |
$ |
7,163 |
$ |
401 |
$ |
7,104 |
$ |
389 |
$ |
59 |
$ |
12 |
||||||||||||||||||
Below-investment- |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
grade securities |
921 |
180 |
532 |
75 |
389 |
105 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Held-to-maturity securities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade securities |
8,008 |
512 |
7,839 |
477 |
169 |
35 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ |
16,092 |
$ |
1,093 |
$ |
15,475 |
$ |
941 |
$ |
617 |
$ |
152 |
||||||||||||||||||
II-31
The following table presents the 10 largest unrealized loss positions in our portfolio as of December 31, 2005.
Credit |
Amortized |
Fair |
Unrealized |
|||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Rating |
Cost |
Value |
Loss |
||||||||||||
Ahold |
BB |
$ |
302 |
$ |
236 |
$ |
66 |
|||||||||
Ford Motor Credit |
BB |
254 |
209 |
45 |
||||||||||||
CSAV |
BBB |
203 |
163 |
40 |
||||||||||||
Ford Motor Company |
BB |
123 |
84 |
39 |
||||||||||||
Unique Zurich Airport |
BBB |
313 |
283 |
30 |
||||||||||||
Kredietbank |
A |
230 |
200 |
30 |
||||||||||||
Oman |
BBB |
296 |
266 |
30 |
||||||||||||
EFG Euro Bank Ergasias |
A |
287 |
258 |
29 |
||||||||||||
National Bank of Greece |
A |
254 |
227 |
27 |
||||||||||||
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines |
N/R* |
254 |
227 |
27 |
||||||||||||
*Not rated |
The fair value of our investments in debt securities can fluctuate as a result of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and credit issues. Declines in fair value noted above resulted from changes in interest rates, yen/dollar exchange rates, and issuer credit status. However, we believe that it would be inappropriate to recognize impairment charges because we believe the changes in fair value are temporary. Impairment charges were immaterial in each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2005.
Realized losses on debt securities by investment-grade status were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Realized Losses on Debt Securities |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Realized |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Proceeds |
Loss |
|||||||||||||||||||
Investment-grade securities, length of consecutive unrealized loss: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Less than six months |
$ |
257 |
$ |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||
Six months to 12 months |
51 |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Over 12 months |
121 |
5 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Below-investment-grade securities, length of consecutive unrealized loss: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Six months to 12 months |
14 |
7 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Over 12 months |
7 |
4 |
|||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ |
450 |
$ |
24 |
|||||||||||||||||
As part of our investment activities, we have investments in variable interest entities (VIEs) and qualifying special purpose entities (QSPEs). See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $1.3 billion, or 2.6% of total investments and cash, as of December 31, 2005, compared with $3.8 billion, or 7.3%, at December 31, 2004. The decrease, compared with a year ago, was due to the return of cash collateral in early 2005 ($2.6 billion) associated with a higher level of loaned securities at December 31, 2004.
II-32
For additional information concerning investments and fair values, including information on the maturities of our investments in fixed maturities and perpetual debentures presented by segment at amortized cost and fair value, see Notes 3 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred policy acquisition costs totaled $5.6 billion at December 31, 2005, a decrease of $5 million, or .1% over 2004. The following table presents deferred policy acquisition costs by segment for the years ended December 31.
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||||
Aflac Japan |
$ |
3,624 |
$ |
3,812 |
|||||||
Aflac U.S. |
1,966 |
1,783 |
|||||||||
Aflac Japan's deferred policy acquisition costs decreased 4.9% (7.7% increase in yen). The weaker yen at year-end decreased reported deferred policy acquisition costs by $482 million. At December 31, 2005, deferred policy acquisition costs of Aflac U.S. increased 10.3%. The increase in deferred policy acquisition costs was primarily driven by increases in total new annualized premium sales.
Policy Liabilities
Policy liabilities totaled $42.3 billion at December 31, 2005, a decrease of $1.2 billion, or 2.8% over 2004. The following table presents policy liabilities by segment for the years ending December 31.
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
|||||||||
Aflac Japan |
$ |
37,556 |
$ |
39,356 |
|||||||
Aflac U.S. |
4,771 |
4,198 |
|||||||||
Aflac Japan's policy liabilities decreased 4.6% (8.1% increase in yen). The weaker yen at year-end decreased reported policy liabilities by $5.0 billion. At December 31, 2005, policy liabilities of Aflac U.S. increased 13.7%. The increase in policy liabilities is the result of the growth and aging of our in-force business.
Notes Payable
The Parent Company has issued yen-denominated Samurai notes in Japan. In June 2001, we issued 40 billion yen (approximately $333 million); in July 2002, we issued 30 billion yen (approximately $254 million); and in July 2005, we issued 40 billion yen (approximately $360 million). Each of these issuances has a five-year maturity. Proceeds were used for various corporate purposes. In October 2005, we used 30 billion yen of the July 2005 Samurai proceeds to pay in full the 1.55% Samurai notes issued in 2000.
II-33
In April 1999, the Parent Company issued $450 million of senior notes with a 10-year maturity. Proceeds were used for various corporate purposes. We entered into cross-currency swaps that effectively convert the dollar-denominated principal and interest of these notes into yen-denominated obligations. See Notes 1 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the cross-currency swaps.
The ratio of debt to total capitalization (debt plus shareholders' equity, excluding the unrealized gains and losses on investment securities) was 18.8% as of December 31, 2005, compared with 21.7% a year ago.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2005, we had no material unconditional purchase obligations that were not recorded on the balance sheet. Additionally, we had no material letters of credit, standby letters of credit, guarantees or standby repurchase obligations.
Security Lending
We use short-term security lending arrangements to increase investment income with minimal risk. For further information regarding such arrangements, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Benefit Plans
Aflac U.S. and Aflac Japan have various benefit plans. For additional information on our U.S. and Japanese plans, see Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Policyholder Protection Fund
The Japanese insurance industry has a policyholder protection system that provides funds for the policyholders of insolvent insurers. In 2002, the members of the Life Insurance Policyholder Protection Corporation (LIPPC) approved the Financial Services Agency's proposal, which required the industry to contribute additional funds to the policyholder protection fund. In 2005, legislation was enacted extending the LIPPC framework, which included government fiscal measures supporting the LIPPC through March 2009. These new measures do not contemplate additional industry assessments through March 2009 absent an event requiring LIPPC funds. The likelihood and timing of future assessments, if any, cannot be determined at this time.
II-34
Aflac has limited hedging activities. Our primary exposure to be hedged is our investment in Aflac Japan, which is affected by changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. In order to mitigate this exposure, we have taken the following courses of action. First, Aflac Japan owns dollar-denominated securities, which serve as an economic currency hedge of a portion of our investment in Aflac Japan. Second, we have designated the Parent Company's yen-denominated liabilities (Samurai notes payable and cross-currency swaps) as a hedge of our investment in Aflac Japan. If the total of these yen-denominated liabilities is equal to or less than our net investment in Aflac Japan, the hedge is deemed to be effective and the related exchange effect is reported in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive income. Should these yen-denominated liabilities exceed our investment in Aflac Japan, the portion of the hedge that exceeds our investment in Aflac Japan would be deemed ineffective. As required by SFAS No. 133, we would then recognize the foreign exchange effect on the ineffective portion in net earnings (other income). We estimate that if the ineffective portion was $100 million, we would report a foreign exchange gain/loss of approximately $1 million for every one yen weakening/strengthening in the end-of-period yen/dollar exchange rate. At December 31, 2005, and 2004, our hedge was effective with yen-denominated assets exceeding yen-denominated liabilities by 92.3 billion yen and 76.6 billion yen, respectively. In 2005, we chose not to increase our hedge for the increase in our yen-denominated net asset position.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Aflac provides the primary sources of liquidity to the Parent Company through dividends and management fees. Aflac declared dividends to the Parent Company in the amount of $526 million in 2005, compared with $643 million in 2004 and $408 million in 2003. During 2005, Aflac paid $73 million to the Parent Company for management fees, compared with $33 million in 2004 and $37 million in 2003. The increase in management fees in 2005 resulted from the previously discussed change in the allocation of expenses under the management fee agreement between Aflac and the Parent Company. The primary uses of cash by the Parent Company are shareholder dividends and our share repurchase program. The Parent Company's sources and uses of cash are reasonably predictable and are not expected to change materially in the future.
The Parent Company also accesses debt security markets to provide additional sources of capital. Capital is primarily used to fund business expansion, capital expenditures and our share repurchase program. In 2003, we filed a Shelf Registration Statement with Japanese regulatory authorities to issue up to 100 billion yen of Samurai notes in Japan. In July 2005, we issued 40 billion yen (approximately $360 million) of these securities with a coupon of .71% and a five-year maturity. These securities are not available to U.S. persons or entities. The remaining 60 billion yen of the 2003 Shelf Registration Statement expired in December 2005. As a result, in February 2006 we filed a new Shelf Registration Statement with Japanese regulatory authorities to issue up to 100 billion yen (approximately $847 million using the December 31, 2005, exchange rate) of Samurai notes in Japan. If issued, these securities will not be available to U.S. persons or entities. We believe outside sources for additional debt and equity capital, if needed, will continue to be available.
II-35
The principal sources of cash for our insurance operations are premiums and investment income. The primary uses of cash by our insurance operations are policy claims, commissions, operating expenses, income taxes and payments to the Parent Company for management fees and dividends. Both the sources and uses of cash are reasonably predictable.
When making an investment decision, our first consideration is based on product needs. Our investment objectives provide for liquidity through the purchase of investment-grade debt securities. These objectives also take into account duration matching, and because of the long-term nature of our business, we have adequate time to react to changing cash flow needs.
In general, our insurance products provide fixed-benefit amounts that are not subject to medical-cost inflation. Furthermore, our business is widely dispersed in both the United States and Japan. This geographic dispersion and the nature of our benefit structure mitigate the risk of a significant unexpected increase in claims payments due to epidemics and events of a catastrophic nature. Additionally, our insurance policies generally are not interest-sensitive and therefore are not subject to unexpected policyholder redemptions due to investment yield changes. As a result of policyholder aging, claims payments are expected to gradually increase over the life of a policy. Therefore, future policy benefit reserves are accumulated in the early years of a policy and are designed to help fund future claims payments. We expect our future cash flows from premiums and our investment portfolio to be sufficient to meet our cash needs for benefits and expenses.
The following table presents the estimated payments by period of our major contractual obligations as of December 31, 2005. We translated our yen-denominated obligations using the December 31, 2005, exchange rate. Actual future payments as reported in dollars will fluctuate with changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate.
Distribution of Payments by Period |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total |
Total |
Than |
One to |
Four to |
After |
|||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) |
Liability* |
Payments |
One Year |
Three Years |
Five Years |
Five Years |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Future policy benefits liability |
$ |
37,853 |
$ |
193,313 |
$ |
5,990 |
$ |
11,836 |
$ |
11,873 |
$ |
163,614 |
|||||||||||||||
Unpaid policy claims liability |
2,504 |
2,504 |
1,930 |
361 |
123 |
90 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt - principal |
1,382 |
1,382 |
339 |
254 |
789 |
- |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt - interest |
3 |
41 |
14 |
21 |
6 |
- |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholder protection fund |
203 |
203 |
26 |
53 |
50 |
74 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating service agreements |
- |
239 |
19 |
51 |
52 |
117 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
- |
140 |
35 |
30 |
21 |
54 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Capitalized lease obligations |
13 |
13 |
6 |
6 |
1 |
- |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ |
41,958 |
$ |
197,835 |
$ |
8,359 |
$ |
12,612 |
$ |
12,915 |
$ |
163,949 |
|||||||||||||||
*Liability amounts are those reported on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2005. |
The distribution of payments for future policy benefits is an estimate of all future benefit payments for policies in force as of December 31, 2005. These projected values contain assumptions for future policy persistency, mortality and morbidity. The distribution of payments for unpaid policy claims includes assumptions as to the timing of policyholders reporting claims for prior periods and the amount of those claims. Actual amounts and timing of both future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims payments may differ significantly from the estimates above. We anticipate that the future policy benefit liability of $37.9 billion at December 31, 2005, along with future net premiums and investment income, will be sufficient to fund future policy benefit payments.
II-36
Consolidated Cash Flows
We translate cash flows for Aflac Japan's yen-denominated items into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. In years when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported. The following table summarizes consolidated cash flows by activity for the years ended December 31.
Consolidated Cash Flows by Activity |
||||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Operating activities |
$ |
4,433 |
$ |
4,486 |
$ |
3,389 |
||||
Investing activities |
(6,692 |
) |
(1,418 |
) |
(3,500 |
) |
||||
Financing activities |
(196 |
) |
(313 |
) |
(298 |
) |
||||
Exchange effect on cash and cash equivalents |
(61 |
) |
6 |
82 |
||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
(2,516 |
) |
$ |
2,761 |
$ |
(327 |
) |
||
Operating Activities
In 2005 consolidated cash flow from operations decreased 1.4% to $4.4 billion, compared with $4.5 billion in 2004 and $3.4 billion in 2003. The following table summarizes operating cash flows by source for the years ended December 31.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities |
|||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
Aflac Japan |
$ |
3,691 |
$ |
3,670 |
$ |
2,726 |
|||
Aflac U.S. and Other Operations |
742 |
816 |
663 |
||||||
The increase in Aflac Japan cash flows in 2004 was primarily attributable to the growth of our business, lower cash surrender values as a result of improved policy persistency, and the stronger yen.
Investing Activities
Operating cash flow is primarily used to purchase debt securities to meet future policy obligations. The following table summarizes investing cash flows by source for the years ended December 31.
Cash Provided (Used) by Investing Activities |
|||||||||
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
Aflac Japan |
$ |
(3,574 |
) |
$ |
(3,692 |
) |
$ |
(3,128 |
) |
Aflac U.S. and Other Operations |
(3,118 |
) |
2,274 |
(372 |
) |
||||
Cash flows for Aflac U.S. and Other Operations were impacted by the January 2005 return of cash collateral from the security lending activities of Aflac U.S. at the end of 2004 (approximately $2.6 billion).
II-37
Prudent portfolio management dictates that we attempt to match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. For Aflac Japan, the duration of policy benefits and related expenses to be paid in future years is longer than that of the related invested assets due to the unavailability of acceptable long-duration yen-denominated securities. Currently, when debt securities we own mature, the proceeds may be reinvested at a yield below that required for the accretion of policy benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. However, the long-term nature of our business and our strong cash flows provides us with the ability to minimize the effect of mismatched durations and/or yields identified by various asset adequacy analyses. When market opportunities arise, we dispose of selected debt securities that are available for sale to improve the duration matching of our assets and liabilities and/or improve future investment yields. As a result, dispositions before maturity can vary significantly from year to year. Dispositions before maturity were 11% of the annual average investment portfolio of debt securities available for sale during the year ended December 31, 2005, compared with 5% in 2004 and 7% in 2003. The increase in dispositions before maturity primarily resulted from the bond swaps we executed in the third and fourth quarters of 2005.
Financing Activities
Consolidated cash used by financing activities was $196 million in 2005, $313 million in 2004 and $298 million in 2003. In 2005, we received net proceeds of $360 million in connection with the issuance of Samurai notes due in 2010 and paid in full the 2000 Samurai notes at their maturity. Cash provided by investment-type contracts increased to $257 million in 2005, compared with $220 million in 2004 and $159 million in 2003.
The following table presents a summary of treasury stock activity during the years ended December 31.
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||
Treasury stock purchases |
$ |
438 |
$ |
392 |
$ |
343 |
||||||
Shares purchased |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|||||||||
Stock issued from treasury |
$ |
50 |
$ |
39 |
$ |
33 |
||||||
Shares issued |
4 |
3 |
3 |
|||||||||
The 2005 dividend of $.44 per share increased 15.8% over 2004. The 2004 dividend of $.38 per share increased 26.7% over 2003. Dividend payments by year were as follows:
(In millions) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||
Dividends paid in cash |
$ |
209 |
$ |
182 |
$ |
146 |
||||
Dividends through issuance of treasury shares |
11 |
10 |
8 |
|||||||
Total dividends to shareholders |
$ |
220 |
$ |
192 |
$ |
154 |
||||
II-38
Regulatory Restrictions
Aflac is domiciled in Nebraska and is subject to its regulations. The Nebraska insurance department imposes certain limitations and restrictions on payments of dividends, management fees, loans and advances by Aflac to the Parent Company. The Nebraska insurance statutes require prior approval for dividend distributions that exceed the greater of the net gain from operations, which excludes net realized investment gains, for the previous year determined under statutory accounting principles, or 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the previous year-end. In addition, the Nebraska insurance department must approve service arrangements and other transactions within the affiliated group. These regulatory limitations are not expected to affect the level of management fees or dividends paid by Aflac to the Parent Company. A life insurance company's statutory capital and surplus is determined according to rules prescribed by the NAIC, as modified by the insurance department in the insurance company's state of domicile. Statutory accounting rules are different from GAAP and are intended to emphasize policyholder protection and company solvency.
The continued long-term growth of our business may require increases in the statutory capital and surplus of our insurance operations. Aflac's insurance operations may secure additional statutory capital through various sources, such as internally generated statutory earnings or equity contributions by the Parent Company from funds generated through debt or equity offerings. The NAIC's risk-based capital (RBC) formula is used by insurance regulators to facilitate identification of inadequately capitalized insurance companies. The RBC formula quantifies insurance risk, business risk, asset risk and interest rate risk by weighing the types and mixtures of risks inherent in the insurer's operations. Aflac's RBC ratio remains high and reflects a very strong capital and surplus position. Currently, the NAIC has ongoing regulatory initiatives relating to revisions to the RBC formula as well as numerous initiatives covering insurance products, investments, and other actuarial and accounting matters. We believe that we will continue to maintain a strong RBC ratio and statutory capital and surplus position in future periods.
In addition to restrictions by U.S. insurance regulators, Japan's FSA may not allow transfers of funds from Aflac Japan if the transfers would cause Aflac Japan to lack sufficient financial strength for the protection of policyholders. The FSA maintains its own solvency standard. Aflac Japan's solvency margin ratio significantly exceeds regulatory minimums.
Payments are made from Aflac Japan to the Parent Company for management fees and to Aflac U.S. for allocated expenses and remittances of earnings. In 2005, expenses allocated to Aflac Japan were $30 million, $26 million in 2004 and $22 million in 2003. During 2005, Aflac Japan also remitted profits of $374 million (41.2 billion yen) to Aflac U.S., compared with $220 million (23.9 billion yen) in 2004 and $385 million (45.6 billion yen) in 2003. Profits remitted in 2004 were lower primarily as a result of realized investment losses recognized in 2003. For additional information on regulatory restrictions on dividends, profit transfers and other remittances, see Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
II-39
Rating Agencies
Aflac is rated AA by both Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings and Aa2 (Excellent) by Moody's for financial strength. A.M. Best assigned Aflac an A+ (Superior) rating for financial strength and operating performance. Aflac Incorporated's senior debt and Samurai notes are rated A by Standard & Poor's, A+ by Fitch Ratings, and A2 by Moody's.
Other
In February 2006, the board of directors declared the first quarter cash dividend of $.13 per share. The dividend is payable on March 1, 2006, to shareholders of record at the close of business on February 17, 2006. In 2004, the board of directors authorized the purchase of up to 30 million shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2005, approximately 17 million shares were available for purchase under our share repurchase program. In February 2006, the board of directors authorized the purchase of an additional 30 million shares.
For information regarding commitments and contingent liabilities, see Notes 11 and 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. |
The information required by Item 7A is incorporated by reference from the Market Risks of Financial Instruments section of MD&A in Part II, Item 7, of this report.
II-40
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. |
Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries |
||||||||||||
Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts) |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
|||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
|
Premiums, principally supplemental health insurance |
$ |
11,990 |
$ |
11,302 |
$ |
9,921 |
|||||
|
Net investment income |
2,071 |
1,957 |
1,787 |
||||||||
|
Realized investment gains (losses) |
262 |
(12 |
) |
(301 |
) |
||||||
|
Other income |
40 |
34 |
40 |
||||||||
|
Total revenues |
14,363 |
13,281 |
11,447 |
||||||||
Benefits and expenses: |
||||||||||||
|
Benefits and claims |
8,890 |
8,482 |
7,529 |
||||||||
|
Acquisition and operating expenses: |
|||||||||||
|
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
542 |
519 |
464 |
||||||||
|
Insurance commissions |
1,302 |
1,252 |
1,146 |
||||||||
|
Insurance expenses |
1,281 |
1,128 |
1,006 |
||||||||
|
Interest expense |
23 |
23 |
22 |
||||||||
|
Other operating expenses |
99 |
104 |
82 |
||||||||
|
Total acquisition and operating expenses |
3,247 |
3,026 |
2,720 |
||||||||
|
Total benefits and expenses |
12,137 |
11,508 |
10,249 |
||||||||
|
Earnings before income taxes |
2,226 |
1,773 |
1,198 |
||||||||
Income tax expense: |
||||||||||||
|
Current |
499 |
391 |
212 |
||||||||
Deferred |
278 |
244 |
218 |
|||||||||
|
Release of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets |
(34 |
) |
(128 |
) |
- |
||||||
|
Total income taxes |
743 |