TWO 3/31/2013 10Q document
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended: March 31, 2013

Commission File Number 001-34506
______________________________
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland
 
27-0312904
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

601 Carlson Parkway, Suite 1400
Minnetonka, Minnesota
 
55305
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(612) 629-2500
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer x
 
Accelerated filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer o
 
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of May 8, 2013 there were 365,252,790 shares of outstanding common stock, par value $.01 per share, issued and outstanding.
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents



TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
INDEX

 
 
Page
 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 


i
Table of Contents



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
ASSETS
  (unaudited)
 
  

Available-for-sale securities, at fair value
$
14,963,531

 
$
13,666,954

Trading securities, at fair value
1,002,414

 
1,002,062

Equity securities, at fair value
368,970

 
335,638

Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value
192,417

 
58,607

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust, at fair value
434,068

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents
1,140,706

 
821,108

Restricted cash
277,428

 
302,322

Accrued interest receivable
47,089

 
42,613

Due from counterparties
15,499

 
39,974

Derivative assets, at fair value
511,749

 
462,080

Other assets
49,020

 
82,586

Total Assets (1)
$
19,002,891

 
$
16,813,944

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
   

 
   

Liabilities
   

 
   

Repurchase agreements
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust, at fair value
397,229

 
—

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
45,423

 
129,294

Accrued interest payable
19,348

 
19,060

Due to counterparties
535,971

 
412,861

Accrued expenses
9,485

 
13,295

Dividends payable
485,791

 
164,347

Total liabilities (1)
14,937,812

 
13,363,367

Stockholders’ Equity
   

 
  

Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 900,000,000 shares authorized and 362,142,394 and 298,813,258 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
3,621

 
2,988

Additional paid-in capital
3,774,548

 
2,948,345

Accumulated other comprehensive income
800,710

 
696,458

Cumulative earnings
593,074

 
449,358

Cumulative distributions to stockholders
(1,106,874
)
 
(646,572
)
Total stockholders’ equity
4,065,079

 
3,450,577

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
$
19,002,891

 
$
16,813,944

____________________
(1)
The condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets of a consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”) that can only be used to settle obligations of this VIE and liabilities of the consolidated VIE for which creditors do not have recourse to the Company (Two Harbors Investment Corp.). At March 31, 2013, assets of consolidated the VIE totaled $435,469 and liabilities of the consolidated VIE totaled $398,068. The Company did not consolidate any VIEs as of December 31, 2012. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
(unaudited)
Interest income:
  

 
   

Available-for-sale securities
$
130,292

 
$
84,214

Trading securities
1,264

 
1,050

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
1,318

 
69

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
1,654

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents
307

 
168

Total interest income
134,835

 
85,501

Interest expense:
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
23,018

 
11,467

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
818

 
—

Total interest expense
23,836

 
11,467

Net interest income
110,999

 
74,034

Other-than-temporary impairments:
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses (includes $236 and $4,275, respectively, accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications for unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities)
(236
)
 
(4,275
)
Non-credit portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income
—

 
—

Net other-than-temporary credit impairment losses
(236
)

(4,275
)
Other income:
 
 
 
Gain on investment securities (includes $18,775 and $9,991, respectively, accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications for unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities)
26,968

 
9,931

Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements
18,972

 
(16,193
)
Loss on other derivative instruments
(16,662
)
 
(8,903
)
Gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale
14,323

 
(32
)
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
6,289

 
—

Total other income (loss)
49,890

 
(15,197
)
Expenses:
 
 
 
Management fees
4,761

 
6,743

Securitization deal costs
2,028

 
—

Other operating expenses
6,561

 
3,550

Total expenses
13,350

 
10,293

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
147,303

 
44,269

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
4,964

 
(7,577
)
Net income from continuing operations
142,339

 
51,846

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
1,377

 
(46
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, continued
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
(unaudited)
Basic earnings per weighted average common share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
—

 
—

Net income
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Diluted earnings per weighted average common share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
—

 
—

Net income
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Dividends declared per common share
$
0.32

 
$
0.40

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
Basic
305,284,922

 
186,855,589

Diluted
306,963,711

 
186,855,589

Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
Net income
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net
104,252

 
143,910

Other comprehensive income
104,252

 
143,910

Comprehensive income
$
247,968

 
$
195,710

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


3
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP. 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Cumulative Earnings
 
Cumulative Distributions to Stockholders
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2011
140,596,708

 
$
1,406

 
$
1,373,099

 
$
(58,716
)
 
$
157,452

 
$
(203,155
)
 
$
1,270,086

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
51,800

 
—

 
51,800

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
—

 
—

 
—

 
149,626

 
—

 
—

 
149,626

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,716
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,716
)
Net other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
143,910

 
—

 
—

 
143,910

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
73,610,638

 
736

 
691,264

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
692,000

Common dividends declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(85,683
)
 
(85,683
)
Non-cash equity award compensation
—

 
—

 
60

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
60

Balance, March 31, 2012
214,207,346

 
$
2,142

 
$
2,064,423

 
$
85,194

 
$
209,252

 
$
(288,838
)
 
$
2,072,173

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2012
298,813,258

 
$
2,988

 
$
2,948,345

 
$
696,458

 
$
449,358

 
$
(646,572
)
 
$
3,450,577

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
143,716

 
—

 
143,716

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
—

 
—

 
—

 
122,791

 
—

 
—

 
122,791

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
(18,539
)
 
—

 
—

 
(18,539
)
Net other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
104,252

 
—

 
—

 
104,252

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
57,525,457

 
575

 
762,467

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
763,042

Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with exercise of warrants
5,803,679

 
58

 
63,713

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
63,771

Common dividends declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(116,821
)
 
(116,821
)
Special dividends declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(343,481
)
 
(343,481
)
Non-cash equity award compensation
—

 
—

 
23

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
23

Balance, March 31, 2013
362,142,394

 
$
3,621

 
$
3,774,548

 
$
800,710

 
$
593,074

 
$
(1,106,874
)
 
$
4,065,079

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


4
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
(unaudited)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
   

 
   

Net income
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
   

 
   

Amortization of premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities, net
2,802

 
(5,925
)
Other-than-temporary impairment losses
236

 
4,275

Realized and unrealized gains on investment securities, net
(26,790
)
 
(9,931
)
(Gain) loss on mortgage loans held-for-sale
(14,323
)
 
32

Gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
(6,289
)
 
—

Loss on termination and option expiration of interest rate swaps and swaptions
58,692

 
11,265

Unrealized (gain) loss on interest rate swaps and swaptions
(91,680
)
 
212

Unrealized loss on other derivative instruments
6,923

 
8,053

Equity based compensation expense
23

 
60

Depreciation of fixed assets
114

 
33

Depreciation of real estate
—

 
1

Purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale
(147,050
)
 
—

Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-sale
25,404

 
—

Proceeds from repayment of mortgage loans held-for-sale
2,284

 
26

Net change in assets and liabilities:
   

 
 
Increase in accrued interest receivable
(4,476
)
 
(7,364
)
Decrease in deferred income taxes, net
4,893

 
638

Increase in current income tax receivable
(303
)
 
(7,952
)
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid and fixed assets
(187
)
 
5

Decrease in other receivables
29,049

 
—

Increase in accrued interest payable, net
288

 
2,858

Decrease in income taxes payable
—

 
(3,898
)
(Decrease)/increase in accrued expenses
(3,810
)
 
583

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(20,484
)
 
44,771

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS, continued
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
(unaudited)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
   

 
   

Purchases of available-for-sale securities
$
(2,208,951
)
 
$
(3,065,659
)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
796,653

 
170,102

Principal payments on available-for-sale securities
235,530

 
130,002

Purchases of other derivative instruments
(66,277
)
 
(124,337
)
(Payments for termination) proceeds from sales of other derivative instruments, net
(41,323
)
 
14,354

Purchases of mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
(442,787
)
 
—

Proceeds from repayment of mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
717

 
—

Purchases of investments in real estate
—

 
(6,108
)
Increase in due to counterparties, net
147,585

 
349,370

Decrease in restricted cash
24,894

 
12,304

Increase in escrow deposits of discontinued operations
—

 
(8,496
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,553,959
)
 
(2,528,468
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
   

 
   

Proceeds from repurchase agreements
24,103,888

 
10,564,948

Principal payments on repurchase agreements
(23,283,833
)
 
(8,531,340
)
Proceeds from issuance of collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
412,217

 
—

Principal payments on collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
(697
)
 
—

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
763,042

 
692,000

Proceeds from exercise of warrants
63,771

 
—

Dividends paid on common stock
(164,347
)
 
(56,239
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,894,041

 
2,669,369

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
319,598

 
185,672

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
821,108

 
360,016

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
1,140,706

 
$
545,688

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
   

 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
23,548

 
$
8,609

Cash paid for taxes
$
373

 
$
3,635

Noncash Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Special dividend of Silver Bay common stock declared but not paid at end of period
$
368,970

 
$
—

Noncash Financing Activities:
   

 
   

Cashless exercise of warrants
$
75

 
$
—

Cash dividends declared but not paid at end of period
$
116,821

 
$
85,683

Reconciliation of mortgage loans held-for-sale:
 
 
 
Mortgage loans held-for-sale at beginning of period
$
58,607

 
$
5,782

Purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale
147,050

 
—

Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-sale
(25,404
)
 
—

Proceeds from repayment of mortgage loans held-for-sale
(2,284
)
 
(26
)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on mortgage loans held-for-sale
14,448

 
(45
)
Mortgage loans held-for-sale at end of period
$
192,417

 
$
5,711

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Operations
Two Harbors Investment Corp., or the Company, is a Maryland corporation focused on investing in, financing and managing residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, residential mortgage loans, and other financial assets. The Company is externally managed and advised by PRCM Advisers LLC, a subsidiary of Pine River Capital Management L.P., or Pine River, a global multi-strategy asset management firm. The Company's common stock is listed on the NYSE and its warrants are listed on the NYSE MKT under the symbols “TWO” and “TWO.WS,” respectively.
The Company was incorporated on May 21, 2009 and commenced operations as a publicly traded company on October 28, 2009, upon completion of a merger with Capitol Acquisition Corp., or Capitol, which became a wholly owned indirect subsidiary as a result of the merger.
The Company has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its initial taxable period ended December 31, 2009. As long as the Company continues to comply with a number of requirements under federal tax law and maintains its qualification as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes to the extent that the Company distributes its taxable income to its stockholders on an annual basis and does not engage in prohibited transactions. However, certain activities that the Company may perform may cause it to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. The Company has designated certain of its subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities, and the Company may in the future form additional TRSs.
On December 19, 2012, the Company completed the contribution of its portfolio of single-family rental properties to Silver Bay Realty Trust Corp. ("Silver Bay"), a newly organized Maryland corporation intended to qualify as a REIT and focused on the acquisition, renovation, leasing and management of single-family residential properties for rental income and long-term capital appreciation. The Company contributed its equity interests in its wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, to Silver Bay, and in exchange for its contribution, received shares of common stock of Silver Bay. Silver Bay completed its initial public offering, or IPO, of its common stock on December 19, 2012. As the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, all of the associated operating results were removed from continuing operations and are presented separately as discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. See Note 4 - Discontinued Operations for additional information.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, have been condensed or omitted according to such SEC rules and regulations. Management believes, however, that the disclosures included in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition of the Company at March 31, 2013 and results of operations for all periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 should not be construed as indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make a number of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amount and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, the period of time during which the Company anticipates an increase in the fair values of real estate securities sufficient to recover unrealized losses in those securities, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. The Company's estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from its estimates and the differences may be material.
The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of all subsidiaries; inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The Company's investment in the common stock of Silver Bay was reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance, including voting control and variable interest entities ("VIE") models. The Company concluded that it did not have voting control of Silver Bay nor was Silver Bay considered a VIE and, therefore, consolidation of Silver Bay was not required.
The legal entity used in securitization (i.e., the securitization trust), which is considered a VIE for financial reporting purposes, was also reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance. As the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact the entity's performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity that could be significant, the Company consolidates the trust. The accounting is consistent with a secured financing, where the loans and securitized debt are both carried on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Significant Accounting Policies
Securitization and Variable Interest Entities
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The securitization trust is considered a VIE for financial reporting purposes and, thus, was reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance. As the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact the entity's performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity that could be significant, the Company consolidates the trust. The underlying loans are classified as mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and the underlying debt is classified as collateralized borrowings in securitization trust on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The interest income on mortgage loans held-for-investment and interest expense on collateralized borrowings are recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. See Note 14 - Fair Value of these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details on fair value measurement.
Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust related to the Company's on-balance sheet securitization are reported at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. These securitized mortgage loans are legally isolated from the Company and have been structured to be beyond the reach of creditors. Fair value is determined under the guidance of ASC 820. The Company determines the fair value of its mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust by type of loan and the determination is generally based on current secondary market pricing or cash flow models using market-based yield requirements. See Note 14 - Fair Value of these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details on fair value measurement.
Interest income on mortgage loans held-for-investment is recognized at the loan coupon rate. Loans are considered past due when they are 30 days past their contractual due date. Interest income recognition is suspended when mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status. Generally, mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual status when delinquent for more than 60 days or when determined not to be probable of full collection. Interest accrued, but not collected, at the date mortgage loans are placed on nonaccrual is reversed and subsequently recognized only to the extent it is received in cash or until it qualifies for return to accrual status. However, where there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of loan principal, all cash received is applied to reduce the carrying value of such loans. Mortgage loans are restored to accrual status only when contractually current or the collection of future payments is reasonably assured.
Collateralized Borrowings in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust related to the Company's on-balance sheet securitization are reported at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. This long-term debt is nonrecourse to the Company beyond the assets held in the trust. Fair value is determined under the guidance of ASC 820. The Company determines the fair value of its collateralized borrowings in securitization trust based on prices obtained from third-party pricing providers, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. See Note 14 - Fair Value of these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for details on fair value measurement.
Refer to Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K regarding additional significant accounting policies.
Recently Issued and/or Adopted Accounting Standards
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued ASU No. 2011-11, which amends ASC 210, Balance Sheet. The amendments in this ASU enhance disclosures required by U.S. GAAP by requiring improved information about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either (1) offset in accordance with ASC 210, Balance Sheet or

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

ASC 815, Other Presentation Matters or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. ASU 2011-11 is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after January 1, 2013. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, which limits the scope of ASU 2011-11 to certain derivatives, repurchase agreements and securities lending arrangements. ASU 2013-01 is also effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after January 1, 2013. Adopting both ASU 2011-11 and ASU 2013-01 did not have any impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial condition or results of operations, but did impact financial statement disclosures.
Comprehensive Income
In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, which amends ASC 220, Comprehensive Income. The amendments are intended to make the presentation of items within Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) more prominent. ASU 2013-02 requires reclassification adjustments between OCI and net income to be presented separately on the face of the financial statements. The new guidance does not change the requirement to present items of net income and OCI, and totals for net income, OCI and comprehensive income in a single continuous statement or two consecutive statements. ASU 2013-02 is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2012. Adopting this ASU did not have any impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial condition or results of operations, but did impact financial statement disclosures.

Note 3. Variable Interest Entities
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The securitization trust is considered a VIE for financial reporting purposes and, thus, was reviewed for consolidation under the applicable consolidation guidance. Since the Company has both the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact the entity's performance, and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity that could be significant, the Company consolidates the trust. As the Company is required to reassess VIE consolidation guidance each quarter, new facts and circumstances may change the Company's determination. This could result in a material impact to the Company's financial statements during subsequent reporting periods.
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the securitization trust:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31, 2012
Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
$
434,068

 
$
—

Accrued interest receivable
1,401

 
—

Total Assets
$
435,469

 
$
—

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
397,229

 
—

Accrued interest payable
744

 
—

Accrued expenses
95

 
—

Total Liabilities
$
398,068

 
$
—


Note 4. Discontinued Operations
On December 19, 2012, the Company completed the contribution of its equity interests in its wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, to Silver Bay. Two Harbors Property Investment LLC previously housed the Company's portfolio of single-family rental properties. As the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, all of the associated operating results were removed from continuing operations and are presented separately as discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

9
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Summarized financial information for the discontinued operations are presented below.
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
Income:
  

 
   

Gain on contribution of entity
$
1,239

 
$
—

Real estate related revenues
—

 
4

Total income
1,239

 
4

Expenses:
 
 
 
Management fees
—

 
—

Real estate related expenses
—

 
17

Other operating expenses
(138
)
 
33

Total expenses
(138
)
 
50

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
$
1,377

 
$
(46
)

In addition to the gain on contribution of entity that was recorded in 2012 in connection with the closing of the contribution, certain adjustments were agreed to be recognized in 2013. These include an installment sales gain of approximately $4.0 million from Silver Bay, a reduction of 2013 management fees payable to PRCM Advisers of $4.3 million, and an immaterial amount of additional working capital adjustments determined in accordance with the contribution agreement entered into with Silver Bay. Of these amounts, $1.2 million of the installment sales gain was recorded as a gain on contribution of entity within discontinued operations, and the full $4.3 million of the reduction of 2013 management fees payable to PRCM Advisers was recorded within management fees, on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013. The remaining $0.1 million recorded within discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 relates to accrual adjustments for transaction expenses related to the contribution. See Note 21 - Related Party Transactions for additional information.

Note 5. Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
The following table presents the Company's available-for-sale, or AFS, investment securities by collateral type, which were carried at their fair value as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
Agency
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
$
4,076,454

 
$
3,608,272

Federal National Mortgage Association
5,778,036

 
5,130,965

Government National Mortgage Association
2,078,065

 
2,272,866

Non-Agency
3,030,976

 
2,654,851

Total mortgage-backed securities
$
14,963,531

 
$
13,666,954


At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company pledged investment securities with a carrying value of $13.6 billion and $12.8 billion, respectively, as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 15 - Repurchase Agreements.
At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any securities purchased from and financed with the same counterparty that did not meet the conditions of ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, to be considered linked transactions and, therefore, classified as derivatives.

10
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following tables present the amortized cost and carrying value (which approximates fair value) of AFS securities by collateral type as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
 
March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
Face Value
$
13,177,863

 
$
4,722,060

 
$
17,899,923

Unamortized premium
777,288

 
—

 
777,288

Unamortized discount
 
 
 
 
 
Designated credit reserve
—

 
(1,376,693
)
 
(1,376,693
)
Net, unamortized
(2,164,457
)
 
(973,240
)
 
(3,137,697
)
Amortized Cost
11,790,694

 
2,372,127

 
14,162,821

Gross unrealized gains
224,677

 
664,502

 
889,179

Gross unrealized losses
(82,816
)
 
(5,653
)
 
(88,469
)
Carrying Value
$
11,932,555

 
$
3,030,976

 
$
14,963,531

 
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
Face Value
$
11,934,492

 
$
4,503,999

 
$
16,438,491

Unamortized premium
749,252

 
—

 
749,252

Unamortized discount
  

 
  

 
  

Designated credit reserve
—

 
(1,290,946
)
 
(1,290,946
)
Net, unamortized
(1,929,811
)
 
(996,490
)
 
(2,926,301
)
Amortized Cost
10,753,933

 
2,216,563

 
12,970,496

Gross unrealized gains
276,293

 
448,403

 
724,696

Gross unrealized losses
(18,123
)
 
(10,115
)
 
(28,238
)
Carrying Value
$
11,012,103

 
$
2,654,851

 
$
13,666,954


The following tables present the carrying value of the Company's AFS investment securities by rate type as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
 
March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
 Agency
 
 Non-Agency
 
 Total
Adjustable Rate
$
181,657

 
$
2,613,464

 
$
2,795,121

Fixed Rate
11,750,898

 
417,512

 
12,168,410

Total
$
11,932,555

 
$
3,030,976

 
$
14,963,531

 
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
Adjustable Rate
$
188,429

 
$
2,334,950

 
$
2,523,379

Fixed Rate
10,823,674

 
319,901

 
11,143,575

Total
$
11,012,103

 
$
2,654,851

 
$
13,666,954


When the Company purchases a credit-sensitive AFS security at a significant discount to its face value, the Company often does not amortize into income a significant portion of this discount that the Company is entitled to earn because it does not expect to collect it due to the inherent credit risk of the security. The Company may also record an other-than-temporary impairment, or OTTI, for a portion of its investment in the security to the extent the Company believes that the amortized cost will exceed the present value of expected future cash flows. The amount of principal that the Company does not amortize into

11
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

income is designated as an off balance sheet credit reserve on the security, with unamortized net discounts or premiums amortized into income over time to the extent realizable.
The following table presents the changes for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, of the unamortized net discount and designated credit reserves on non-Agency AFS securities.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
(in thousands)
Designated Credit Reserve
 
Unamortized Net Discount
 
Total
 
Designated Credit Reserve
 
Unamortized Net Discount
 
Total
Beginning balance at January 1
$
(1,290,946
)
 
$
(996,490
)
 
$
(2,287,436
)
 
$
(782,606
)
 
$
(540,969
)
 
$
(1,323,575
)
Acquisitions
(101,733
)
 
(41,450
)
 
(143,183
)
 
(521,424
)
 
(437,331
)
 
(958,755
)
Accretion of net discount
655

 
34,636

 
35,291

 
—

 
28,897

 
28,897

Realized credit losses
10,901

 
—

 
10,901

 
3,309

 
—

 
3,309

Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairments
(236
)
 
—

 
(236
)
 
(4,275
)
 
—

 
(4,275
)
Transfers from (to)
1,691

 
(1,691
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Sales, calls, other
2,975

 
31,755

 
34,730

 
243

 
1,030

 
1,273

Ending balance at March 31
$
(1,376,693
)
 
$
(973,240
)
 
$
(2,349,933
)
 
$
(1,304,753
)
 
$
(948,373
)
 
$
(2,253,126
)

The following table presents the components comprising the carrying value of AFS securities not deemed to be other than temporarily impaired by length of time the securities had an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. At March 31, 2013, the Company held 1,660 AFS securities, of which 519 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve consecutive months and 40 were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve consecutive months. At December 31, 2012, the Company held 1,493 AFS securities, of which 250 were in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and 47 were in an unrealized loss position for more than twelve consecutive months.
 
Unrealized Loss Position for
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
(in thousands)
Estimated Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
March 31, 2013
$
5,372,704

 
$
(79,512
)
 
$
60,459

 
$
(8,957
)
 
$
5,433,163

 
$
(88,469
)
December 31, 2012
$
2,548,995

 
$
(18,610
)
 
$
52,689

 
$
(9,628
)
 
$
2,601,684

 
$
(28,238
)

Evaluating AFS Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
In order to evaluate AFS securities for OTTI, the Company determines whether there has been a significant adverse quarterly change in the cash flow expectations for a security. The Company compares the amortized cost of each security in an unrealized loss position against the present value of expected future cash flows of the security. The Company also considers whether there has been a significant adverse change in the regulatory and/or economic environment as part of this analysis. If the amortized cost of the security is greater than the present value of expected future cash flows using the original yield as the discount rate, an other-than-temporary credit impairment has occurred. If the Company does not intend to sell and is not more likely than not required to sell the security, the credit loss is recognized in earnings and the balance of the unrealized loss is recognized in other comprehensive income. If the Company intends to sell the security or will be more likely than not required to sell the security, the full unrealized loss is recognized in earnings.
The Company recorded a $0.2 million other-than-temporary credit impairment during the three months ended March 31, 2013, on one non-Agency RMBS where the future expected cash flows for each security was less than its amortized cost. As of March 31, 2013, impaired securities had weighted average cumulative losses of 8.8%, weighted average three-month prepayment speed of 2.15%, weighted average 60+ day delinquency of 36.1% of the pool balance, and weighted average FICO

12
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

score of 626. At March 31, 2013, the Company did not intend to sell the securities and determined that it was not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities, therefore, only the projected credit loss was recognized in earnings. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company recorded a $4.3 million other-than-temporary credit impairment on 15 non-Agency RMBS where the future expected cash flows for each security was less than its amortized cost.
The following table presents the changes in OTTI included in earnings for three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
Cumulative credit loss at beginning of year
$
(15,561
)
 
$
(5,102
)
Additions:
 
 
 
Other-than-temporary impairments not previously recognized
—

 
(3,483
)
Increases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities with previously recognized other-than-temporary impairments
(236
)
 
(792
)
Reductions:
 
 
 
Decreases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities paid down
—

 
—

Decreases related to other-than-temporary impairments on securities sold
655

 
—

Cumulative credit loss at end of year
$
(15,142
)
 
$
(9,377
)

Cumulative credit losses related to OTTI may be reduced for securities sold as well as for securities that mature, pay down, or are prepaid such that the outstanding principal balance is reduced to zero. Additionally, increases in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of the security cause a reduction in the cumulative credit loss.
Gross Realized Gains and Losses
Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains (losses) within gain on investment securities in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company sold AFS securities for $0.8 billion and $0.2 billion with an amortized cost of $0.8 billion and $0.2 billion, for net realized gains of $18.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively.
The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales of AFS securities for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
Gross realized gains
$
23,226

 
$
11,103

Gross realized losses
(4,296
)
 
—

Total realized gains on sales, net
$
18,930

 
$
11,103


Note 6. Trading Securities, at Fair Value
The Company holds U.S. Treasuries in a taxable REIT subsidiary and classifies these securities as trading instruments due to short-term investment objectives. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company held U.S. Treasuries with an amortized cost of $1.0 billion and a fair value of $1.0 billion for both periods classified as trading securities. The unrealized gains included within trading securities were $5.1 million and $5.0 million as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
The Company did not sell any trading securities during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, trading securities experienced unrealized gains of $17,133 and unrealized losses of $1.2 million, respectively. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a component of gains on investment securities, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
At March 31, 2013, the Company pledged trading securities with a carrying value of $1.0 billion as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 15 - Repurchase Agreements.

13
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)


Note 7. Equity Securities, at Fair Value
Equity securities consists of shares of Silver Bay common stock carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. In exchange for the contribution of the Company's equity interests in its wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, to Silver Bay on December 19, 2012, the Company received 17,824,647 shares of common stock, or 47.7%, of Silver Bay at the initial public offering price of $18.50. The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's equity securities as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31, 2012
Initial carrying value
$
329,756

 
$
329,756

Unrealized gain
39,214

 
5,882

Carrying value
$
368,970

 
$
335,638


On March 18, 2013, the Company declared a special dividend pursuant to which the 17,824,647 shares of Silver Bay common stock would be distributed, on a pro rata basis, to Two Harbors stockholders of record at the close of business on April 2, 2013. As a result, the unrealized gain of $7.8 million included in gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013, represents the change in unrealized gain for the period from December 31, 2012 to declaration date, March 18, 2013. The remaining change in unrealized gain for the period from March 18, 2013 to March 31, 2013, was recognized as an adjustment to the dividend payable at March 31, 2013.

Note 8. Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale, at Fair Value
Mortgage loans held-for-sale consists of residential mortgage loans carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's mortgage loans held-for-sale as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31, 2012
Unpaid principal balance
$
228,840

 
$
56,976

Fair value adjustment
(36,423
)
 
1,631

Carrying value
$
192,417

 
$
58,607


At March 31, 2013, the Company pledged mortgage loans with a carrying value of $25.9 million as collateral for repurchase agreements. See Note 15 - Repurchase Agreements.

Note 9. Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The underlying residential mortgage loans held by the trust, which are consolidated on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, are classified as mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information regarding consolidation of the securitization trust. The following table presents the carrying value of the Company's mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Unpaid principal balance
$
421,485

 
$
—

Fair value adjustment
12,583

 
—

Carrying value
$
434,068

 
$
—



14
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 10. Restricted Cash
The Company is required to maintain certain cash balances with counterparties for broker activity and collateral for the Company's repurchase agreements in non-interest bearing accounts. The Company has also placed cash in a restricted account pursuant to a letter of credit on an office space lease.
The following table presents the Company's restricted cash balances as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Restricted cash balances held by trading counterparties:
 
 
 
For securities trading activity
$
9,000

 
$
9,000

For derivatives trading activity
138,934

 
208,669

As restricted collateral for repurchase agreements
129,148

 
84,307

 
277,082

 
301,976

Restricted cash balance pursuant to letter of credit on office lease
346

 
346

Total
$
277,428

 
$
302,322


Note 11. Accrued Interest Receivable
The following table presents the Company's accrued interest receivable by collateral type:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Accrued Interest Receivable:
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
173

 
$
1,119

Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
Agency
 
 
 
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
13,088

 
11,888

Federal National Mortgage Association
18,296

 
17,101

Government National Mortgage Association
8,910

 
8,962

Non-Agency
3,821

 
3,296

Total mortgage-backed securities
44,115

 
41,247

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
1,400

 
247

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
1,401

 
—

Total
$
47,089

 
$
42,613


Note 12. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company enters into a variety of derivative and non-derivative instruments in connection with its risk management activities. The Company's primary objective for executing these derivative and non-derivative instruments is to mitigate the Company's economic exposure to future events that are outside its control. The Company's derivative financial instruments are utilized principally to manage market risk and cash flow volatility associated with interest rate risk (including associated prepayment risk) related to certain assets and liabilities. As part of its risk management activities, the Company may, at times, enter into various forward contracts, including short securities, Agency to-be-announced securities, or TBAs, options, futures, swaps, caps and credit default swaps. In executing on the Company's current risk management strategy, the Company has entered into interest rate swap and swaption agreements and credit default swaps. At times, the Company may use TBAs for risk management or other purposes. The Company has also entered into a number of non-derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, principally U.S. Treasuries and Agency interest-only securities.
The following summarizes the Company's significant asset and liability classes, the risk exposure for these classes, and the Company's risk management activities used to mitigate certain of these risks. The discussion includes both derivative and non-derivative instruments used as part of these risk management activities. While the Company uses non-derivative and derivative instruments to achieve the Company's risk management activities, it is possible that these instruments will not effectively

15
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

mitigate all or a substantial portion of the Company's market rate risk. In addition, the Company might elect, at times, not to enter into certain hedging arrangements in order to maintain compliance with REIT requirements.
Balance Sheet Presentation
The following tables present the gross fair value and notional amounts of the Company's derivative financial instruments treated as trading instruments as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
(in thousands)
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Trading instruments
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
Inverse interest-only securities
 
$
313,373

 
$
1,960,087

 
$
—

 
$
—

Interest rate swap agreements
 
—

 
—

 
(45,267
)
 
16,685,000

Credit default swap agreements
 
47,238

 
437,496

 
—

 
—

Swaptions
 
148,791

 
5,800,000

 
—

 
—

TBAs
 
2,237

 
1,850,000

 
(156
)
 
300,000

Forward purchase commitment
 
110

 
8,745

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
511,749

 
$
10,056,328

 
$
(45,423
)
 
$
16,985,000

(in thousands)
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Trading instruments
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
Inverse interest-only securities
 
$
304,975

 
$
1,909,351

 
$
—

 
$
—

Interest rate swap agreements
 
—

 
—

 
(129,055
)
 
14,070,000

Credit default swap agreements
 
52,906

 
438,440

 
—

 
—

Swaptions
 
102,048

 
4,950,000

 
—

 
—

TBAs
 
1,917

 
2,414,000

 
(239
)
 
139,000

Forward purchase commitment
 
234

 
56,865

 
—

 
—

Total
 
$
462,080

 
$
9,768,656

 
$
(129,294
)
 
$
14,209,000


The Company has netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by the International Swap and Derivatives Association, or ISDA. The following table presents the gross amounts and amounts offset in accordance with offsetting guidance to determine the net derivative assets and liabilities presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets:
(in thousands)
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Gross amount of derivative assets (liabilities)
$
514,190

 
$
(50,172
)
 
$
464,483

 
$
(129,658
)
Amounts offset in accordance with offsetting guidance to determine net amounts presented
(2,441
)
 
4,749

 
(2,403
)
 
364

Net amount of derivative assets (liabilities)
$
511,749

 
$
(45,423
)
 
$
462,080

 
$
(129,294
)


16
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following table provides the average outstanding notional amounts of the Company's derivative financial instruments treated as trading instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2013.
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
Trading instruments
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Inverse interest-only securities
 
$
1,922,195

 
$
—

Interest rate swap agreements
 
—

 
14,854,500

Credit default swaps
 
437,845

 
—

Swaptions
 
5,542,778

 
—

TBAs
 
1,213,644

 
326,667

Forward purchase commitment
 
51,783

 
—


Comprehensive Income Statement Presentation
The Company has not applied hedge accounting to its current derivative portfolio held to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with its debt portfolio. As a result, the Company is subject to volatility in its earnings due to movement in the unrealized gains and losses associated with its interest rate swaps and its other derivative instruments.
The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivative instruments reported in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income on its derivative instruments:
(in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading Instruments
 
Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 
Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
Risk Management Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities - RMBS
 
Loss on other derivative instruments
 
$
(12,249
)
 
$
(2,637
)
Investment securities - U.S. Treasuries and TBA contracts
 
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements
 
(89
)
 
(1,648
)
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
Gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
287

 
13

Repurchase agreements
 
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements
 
19,061

 
(14,545
)
Credit default swaps - Receive protection
 
Loss on other derivative instruments
 
(5,643
)
 
(24,301
)
Non-Risk Management Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps - Provide protection
 
Loss on other derivative instruments
 
—

 
8,220

Inverse interest-only securities
 
Loss on other derivative instruments
 
1,230

 
9,815

Total
 
 
 
$
2,597

 
$
(25,083
)

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized $14.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of expenses for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest expense associated with its interest rate swaps. The expenses result from generally paying a fixed interest rate on an average $14.9 billion and $6.4 billion notional, respectively, to economically hedge a portion of the Company's interest rate risk on its short-term repurchase agreements, funding costs, and macro-financing risk and generally receiving LIBOR interest.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company terminated, had agreements mature or had options expire on a total of 69 and 11 interest rate swap and swaption positions of $8.2 billion and $0.9 billion notional, respectively.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Upon settlement of the early terminations, contractual maturities and option expirations, the Company paid $17.2 million and $0.5 million in full settlement of its net interest spread liability and recognized $58.7 million and $11.3 million in realized losses on the swaps and swaptions, respectively, including early termination penalties.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company did not terminate any credit default swap positions. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company terminated a total of 4 credit default swap positions totaling $85.0 million notional. Upon settlement of the early terminations, the Company received $10,492 in full settlement of its net interest spread receivable and recognized $1.6 million in realized losses for the three months ended March 31, 2012, on the credit default swaps, including early termination penalties.
Cash flow activity related to derivative instruments is reflected within the operating activities and investing activities sections of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Derivative fair value adjustments are reflected within the unrealized (gain) loss on interest rate swaps and swaptions, unrealized loss on other derivative instruments, and (gain) loss on mortgage loans held-for-sale line items within the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Realized losses on interest rate swap and swaption agreements are reflected within the loss on termination of interest rate swaps and swaptions line item within the operating activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The remaining cash flow activity related to derivative instruments is reflected within the purchases of other derivative instruments, proceeds from sales of other derivative instruments, and increase in due to counterparties, net line items within the investing activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Interest Rate Sensitive Assets/Liabilities
Available-for-sale Securities  - The Company's RMBS investment securities are generally subject to change in value when mortgage rates decline or increase, depending on the type of investment. Rising mortgage rates generally result in a slowing of refinancing activity, which slows prepayments and results in a decline in the value of the Company's fixed-rate Agency pools. To mitigate the impact of this risk, the Company maintains a portfolio of financial instruments, primarily fixed-rate interest-only securities, which increase in value when interest rates increase. In addition, the Company has initiated TBA positions to further mitigate its exposure to increased prepayment speeds. The objective is to reduce the risk of losses to the portfolio caused by interest rate changes and changes in prepayment speeds.
As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had outstanding fair value of $72.3 million and $77.3 million, respectively, of interest-only securities in place to economically hedge its investment securities. These interest-only securities are included in AFS securities, at fair value, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company held TBA positions with $2.2 billion and $1.8 billion in long notional as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, and an additional $800.0 million in short notional as of December 31, 2012. At March 31, 2013, $900.0 million of the Company's long notional TBA positions were held as a means to mitigate exposure to increased prepayment speeds, while the remaining $1.3 billion were held for non-risk management purposes (see "Non-Risk Management Activities" section). The Company discloses these on a gross basis according to the unrealized gain or loss position of each TBA contract regardless of long or short notional position. These contracts had a fair market value of $2.2 million and $1.9 million, included in derivative assets, at fair value, and $0.2 million and $0.2 million, included in derivative liabilities, at fair value, in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Commitments to Purchase and/or Sell Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale  - Prior to a mortgage loan purchase, the Company may enter into forward purchase commitments with counterparties whereby the Company commits to purchasing the loans at a particular interest rate, provided the borrower elects to close the loan. These commitments to purchase mortgage loans have been defined as derivatives and are, therefore, recorded on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities and measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded on the balance sheet as adjustments to the carrying value of these assets or liabilities with a corresponding adjustment recognized in current period earnings. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had entered into commitments to purchase $8.7 million and $56.9 million of mortgage loans, subject to fallout if the loans do not close, with a fair value of $0.1 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on mortgage loans from the time it commits to purchase the mortgage loan until it acquires the loan from the originator and subsequently sells the loan to a third party. Changes in interest rates impact the market price for the mortgage loans. For example, as market interest rates decline, the value of mortgage loans held-for-sale increases, and vice versa. To mitigate the impact of this risk, the Company may from time to time enter into a forward sale commitment under the Forward AAA Securities Agreement, or the Forward Agreement, with Barclays Bank PLC, or Barclays, pursuant to which Barclays would purchase certain securities issued in connection with a potential securitization transaction involving mortgage loans subject to the Forward Agreement. As of March 31, 2013, the Company had did not have any trades under the Forward Agreement. The Company may also enter into other derivative contracts to hedge the interest rate risk related to the commitments to purchase mortgage loans, such as interest rate swaps, swaptions or TBAs.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Repurchase Agreements  - The Company monitors its repurchase agreements, which are generally floating rate debt, in relationship to the rate profile of its investment securities. When it is cost effective to do so, the Company may enter into interest rate swap arrangements to align the interest rate composition of its investment securities and debt portfolios, specifically repurchase agreements with maturities of less than 6 months. Typically, the interest receivable terms (i.e., LIBOR) of the interest rate swaps match the terms of the underlying debt, resulting in an effective conversion of the rate of the related repurchase agreement from floating to fixed.
As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were utilized as economic hedges of interest rate risk associated with the Company's short-term repurchase agreements:
(notional in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
Swaps Maturities
 
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
2013
 
$
500,000

 
0.523
%
 
0.288
%
 
0.40

2014
 
900,000

 
0.316
%
 
0.304
%
 
0.79

2015
 
4,000,000

 
0.386
%
 
0.305
%
 
1.78

2016
 
2,550,000

 
0.583
%
 
0.298
%
 
2.92

2017 and Thereafter
 
7,735,000

 
0.975
%
 
0.294
%
 
4.81

Total
 
$
15,685,000

 
0.709
%
 
0.298
%
 
3.36

(notional in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
Swaps Maturities
 
Notional Amount
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
2013
 
$
2,275,000

 
0.713
%
 
0.315
%
 
0.56

2014
 
1,675,000

 
0.644
%
 
0.311
%
 
1.57

2015
 
2,770,000

 
0.908
%
 
0.313
%
 
2.43

2016
 
1,940,000

 
0.874
%
 
0.323
%
 
3.46

2017 and Thereafter
 
3,910,000

 
0.960
%
 
0.313
%
 
4.72

Total
 
$
12,570,000

 
0.850
%
 
0.315
%
 
2.85


The Company has also entered into interest rate swaps in combination with U.S. Treasuries to economically hedge funding cost risk. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company held $1.0 billion in fair value of U.S. Treasuries classified as trading securities and the following outstanding interest rate swaps:
(notional in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
Swaps Maturities
 
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
2015
 
$
1,000,000

 
0.799
%
 
0.305
%
 
2.03

Total
 
$
1,000,000

 
 
 
 
 
 
(notional in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
Swaps Maturities
 
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
2015
 
$
1,000,000

 
0.799
%
 
0.350
%
 
2.28

Total
 
$
1,000,000

 
 
 
 
 
 


19
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were entered into in combination with TBA contracts to economically hedge mortgage interest rate exposure (or duration):
(notional in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
Swaps Maturities
 
Notional Amounts
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Maturity (Years)
2014
 
$
500,000

 
0.399
%
 
0.356
%
 
1.78

Total
 
$
500,000

 
 
 
 
 
 

The Company did not hold any interest rate swaps entered into in combination with TBA contracts to economically hedge mortgage interest rate exposure (or duration) at March 31, 2013.
As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaptions (agreements to enter into interest rate swaps in the future for which the Company would pay a fixed rate) that were utilized as macro-economic hedges:
March 31, 2013
(notional and dollars in thousands)
 
Option
 
Underlying Swap
Swaption
 
Expiration
 
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Average Months to Expiration
 
Notional Amount
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Term (Years)
Payer
 
< 6 Months
 
$
28,970

 
$
382

 
4.90
 
$
2,300,000

 
3.77
%
 
3M Libor
 
9.5

Payer
 
≥ 6 Months
 
133,710

 
148,409

 
53.03
 
3,500,000

 
3.94
%
 
3M Libor
 
10.0

Total Payer
 
 
 
$
162,680

 
$
148,791

 
52.94
 
$
5,800,000

 
3.87
%
 
3M Libor
 
9.8

December 31, 2012
(notional and dollars in thousands)
 
Option
 
Underlying Swap
Swaption
 
Expiration
 
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Average Months to Expiration
 
Notional Amount
 
Average Fixed Pay Rate
 
Average Receive Rate
 
Average Term (Years)
Payer
 
< 6 Months
 
$
3,983

 
$
30

 
5.38
 
$
300,000

 
4.00
%
 
3M Libor
 
10.0

Payer
 
≥ 6 Months
 
129,925

 
102,018

 
53.38
 
4,650,000

 
3.74
%
 
3M Libor
 
9.7

Total Payer
 
 
 
$
133,908

 
$
102,048

 
53.38
 
$
4,950,000

 
3.75
%
 
3M Libor
 
9.8


The Company has not applied hedge accounting to its current derivative portfolio held to mitigate the interest rate risk associated with its debt portfolio. As a result, the Company is subject to volatility in its earnings due to movement in the unrealized gains and losses associated with its interest rate swaps and its other derivative instruments.
Foreign Currency Risk
In compliance with the Company's REIT requirements, the Company does not have exposure to foreign denominated assets or liabilities. As such, the Company is not subject to foreign currency risk.
Credit Risk
The Company's exposure to credit losses on its U.S. Treasuries and Agency portfolio of investment securities is limited because these securities are issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or government sponsored entities, or GSEs. The payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by those respective agencies, and the payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
For non-Agency investment securities, the Company may enter into credit default swaps to hedge credit risk. In future periods, the Company could enhance its credit risk protection, enter into further paired derivative positions, including both long and short credit default swaps, and/or seek opportunistic trades in the event of a market disruption (see "Non-Risk Management

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Activities" section). The Company also has processes and controls in place to monitor, analyze, manage and mitigate its credit risk with respect to non-Agency RMBS.
As of March 31, 2013, the Company held credit default swaps whereby the Company receives credit protection for a fixed premium. The maximum payouts for these credit default swaps are limited to the current notional amounts of each swap contract. Maximum payouts for credit default swaps do not represent the expected future cash requirements, as the Company's credit default swaps are typically liquidated or expire and are not exercised by the holder of the credit default swaps.
The following tables present credit default swaps whereby the Company is receiving protection held as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(notional and dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2013
Protection
Maturity Date
 
Average Implied Credit Spread
 
Current Notional Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Upfront Payable
 
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)
Receive
9/20/2013
 
460.00

 
$
(45,000
)
 
$
(183
)
 
$
(3,127
)
 
$
(3,310
)
 
12/20/2013
 
181.91

 
(105,000
)
 
(167
)
 
(3,225
)
 
(3,392
)
 
6/20/2016
 
105.50

 
(100,000
)
 
(2,091
)
 
(260
)
 
(2,351
)
 
12/20/2016
 
496.00

 
(25,000
)
 
41

 
(4,062
)
 
(4,021
)
 
5/25/2046
 
297.60

 
(162,496
)
 
49,638

 
(71,114
)
 
(21,476
)
 
Total
 
253.96

 
$
(437,496
)
 
$
47,238

 
$
(81,788
)
 
$
(34,550
)
(notional and dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
Protection
Maturity Date
 
Average Implied Credit Spread
 
Current Notional Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Upfront Payable
 
Unrealized Gain/(Loss)
Receive
9/20/2013
 
460.00

 
$
(45,000
)
 
$
(264
)
 
$
(3,127
)
 
$
(3,391
)
 
12/20/2013
 
181.91

 
(105,000
)
 
(198
)
 
(3,225
)
 
(3,423
)
 
6/20/2016
 
105.50

 
(100,000
)
 
(1,940
)
 
(260
)
 
(2,200
)
 
12/20/2016
 
496.00

 
(25,000
)
 
527

 
(4,062
)
 
(3,535
)
 
5/25/2046
 
297.60

 
(163,440
)
 
54,781

 
(71,114
)
 
(16,333
)
 
Total
 
254.06

 
$
(438,440
)
 
$
52,906

 
$
(81,788
)
 
$
(28,882
)

Derivative financial instruments contain an element of credit risk if counterparties are unable to meet the terms of the agreements. Credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments is measured as the net replacement cost should the counterparties that owe the Company under such contracts completely fail to perform under the terms of these contracts, assuming there are no recoveries of underlying collateral, as measured by the market value of the derivative financial instruments. As of March 31, 2013, the fair value of derivative financial instruments as an asset and liability position was $511.7 million and $45.4 million, respectively.
The Company mitigates the credit risk exposure on derivative financial instruments by limiting the counterparties to those major banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines; the Company also seeks to transact with several different counterparties in order to reduce the exposure to any single counterparty. Additionally, the Company reduces credit risk on the majority of its derivative instruments by entering into agreements that permit the closeout and netting of transactions with the same counterparty upon occurrence of certain events. To further mitigate the risk of counterparty default, the Company maintains collateral agreements with certain of its counterparties. The agreements require both parties to maintain cash deposits in the event the fair values of the derivative financial instruments exceed established thresholds. As of March 31, 2013, the Company has received cash deposits from counterparties of $160.7 million and placed cash deposits of $143.7 million in accounts maintained by counterparties, of which the amounts are netted on a counterparty basis and classified within restricted cash, due from counterparties, or due to counterparties on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

21
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

In accordance with ASC 815, as amended and interpreted, the Company records derivative financial instruments on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative instruments and whether they qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Due to the volatility of the credit markets and difficulty in effectively matching pricing or cash flows, the Company has elected to treat all current derivative contracts as trading instruments.
Non-Risk Management Activities
The Company has entered into certain financial instruments that are considered derivative contracts under ASC 815 that are not for purposes of hedging. These contracts are currently limited to inverse interest-only RMBS, credit default swaps and TBAs. As of March 31, 2013, we held $1.3 billion notional TBAs as a means of deploying capital until targeted investments are available, and to take advantage of temporary displacements in the marketplace.
Inverse interest-only securities with a carrying value of $313.4 million, including accrued interest receivable of $3.6 million, are accounted for as derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The following table presents the amortized cost and carrying value (which approximates fair value) of inverse interest-only securities as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Face Value
$
1,960,087

 
$
1,909,351

Unamortized premium
—

 
—

Unamortized discount
 
 
 
Designated credit reserve
—

 
—

Net, unamortized
(1,660,016
)
 
(1,620,966
)
Amortized Cost
300,071

 
288,385

Gross unrealized gains
19,432

 
21,616

Gross unrealized losses
(9,763
)
 
(8,737
)
Carrying Value
$
309,740

 
$
301,264


Note 13. Other Assets
Other assets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are summarized in the following table:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Property and equipment at cost
$
1,442

 
$
1,034

Accumulated depreciation (1)
(365
)
 
(251
)
Net property and equipment
1,077

 
783

Prepaid expenses
1,190

 
1,411

Current income tax receivable
4,626

 
4,323

Deferred tax assets
39,291

 
44,184

Other receivables (2)
2,836

 
31,885

Total other assets
$
49,020

 
$
82,586

____________________
(1)
Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was $113,627.
(2)
The majority of other receivables at December 31, 2012 are amounts due from the Company's transfer agent for cash proceeds received upon exercise of warrants by warrantholders on December 31, 2012.

Note 14. Fair Value
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). Additionally, ASC 820 requires an entity to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity's own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability.
ASC 820 establishes a three level hierarchy to be used when measuring and disclosing fair value. An instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. Following is a description of the three levels:

Level 1
Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date under current market conditions. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.
Level 2
Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3
Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets and liabilities, including risk. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.

Following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
Investment securities  - The Company holds a portfolio of AFS and trading securities that are carried at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. AFS securities are primarily comprised of Agency and non-Agency RMBS while the Company's U.S. Treasuries are classified as trading securities. The Company determines the fair value of its U.S. Treasuries and Agency RMBS based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing providers or broker quotes received using bid price, which are deemed indicative of market activity. In determining the fair value of its non-Agency RMBS, management judgment is used to arrive at fair value that considers prices obtained from third-party pricing providers, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due to principally illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and credit losses). The Company classified 100% of its U.S. Treasuries as Level 1 fair value assets at March 31, 2013. The Company classified 99.9% of its RMBS AFS securities reported at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2013. AFS and trading securities account for 85.6% and 5.7% of all assets reported at fair value at March 31, 2013, respectively.
Equity securities - The Company holds shares of Silver Bay common stock that are carried at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as a result of a fair value option election. The Company determines fair value of these equity securities based on the closing market price at period end. The Company classified 100% of its equity securities as Level 1 fair value assets at March 31, 2013.
Mortgage loans held-for-sale  - The Company holds a portfolio of mortgage loans held-for-sale that are carried at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as a result of a fair value option election. The Company determines fair value of its mortgage loans based on prices obtained from third-party pricing providers and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due principally to illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon cash flow models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels and credit losses). The Company classified 36.0% and 64.0% of its mortgage loans held-for-sale as Level 2 and Level 3 fair value assets, respectively, at March 31, 2013.
Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust  - The Company recognizes on its condensed consolidated balance sheet mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust that are carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. The Company determines fair value of its mortgage loans based on prices obtained from third-party pricing providers and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due principally to illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon cash flow models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency

23
Table of Contents

TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

levels and credit losses). The Company classified 100% of its mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust as Level 2 fair value assets at March 31, 2013.
Derivative instruments  - The Company may enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments as part of its hedging strategies. The Company principally executes over-the-counter, or OTC, derivative contracts, such as interest rate swaps, swaptions, and credit default swaps. The Company utilizes third-party pricing providers to value its financial derivative instruments. The Company classified 100% of the interest rate swaps, swaptions and credit default swaps reported at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2013.
The Company also enters into certain other derivative financial instruments, such as TBAs and inverse interest-only securities. These instruments are similar in form to the Company's AFS securities and the Company utilizes broker quotes to value these instruments. The Company classified 100% of its inverse interest-only securities at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2013. The Company reported 100% of its TBAs as Level 1 as of March 31, 2013.
The Company may also enter into forward purchase commitments on mortgage loans whereby the Company commits to purchasing the loans at a particular interest rate. The fair value of these derivatives is determined based on prices obtained from third-party price providers. Fallout assumptions if the borrower elects not to close the loan are applied to the third-party pricing. The Company classified 100% of its forward purchase commitments at fair value as Level 2 at March 31, 2013.
The Company's risk management committee governs trading activity relating to derivative instruments. The Company's policy is to minimize credit exposure related to financial derivatives used for hedging by limiting the hedge counterparties to major banks, financial institutions, exchanges, and private investors who meet established capital and credit guidelines as well as by limiting the amount of exposure to any individual counterparty.
The Company has netting arrangements in place with all derivative counterparties pursuant to standard documentation developed by the International Swap and Derivatives Association, or ISDA. Additionally, both the Company and the counterparty are required to post cash collateral based upon the net underlying market value of the Company's open positions with the counterparty. Posting of cash collateral typically occurs daily, subject to certain dollar thresholds. Due to the existence of netting arrangements, as well as frequent cash collateral posting at low posting thresholds, credit exposure to the Company and/or to the counterparty is considered materially mitigated. Based on the Company's assessment, there is no requirement for any additional adjustment to derivative valuations specifically for credit.
Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust  - The Company recognizes on its condensed consolidated balance sheet collateralized borrowings that are carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. The Company determines fair value of its collateralized borrowings based on prices obtained from third-party pricing providers, broker quotes received and other applicable market data. If observable market prices are not available or insufficient to determine fair value due to principally illiquidity in the marketplace, then fair value is based upon internally developed models that are primarily based on observable market-based inputs but also include unobservable market data inputs (including prepayment speeds, delinquency levels, and credit losses). The Company classified 100% of its collateralized borrowings in securitization trust as Level 2 fair value assets at March 31, 2013.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following tables display the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company often economically hedges the fair value change of its assets or liabilities with derivatives and other financial instruments. The tables below display the hedges separately from the hedged items, and therefore do not directly display the impact of the Company's risk management activities.
 
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
At March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
$
—

 
$
14,959,031

 
$
4,500

 
$
14,963,531

Trading securities
1,002,414

 
—

 
—

 
1,002,414

Equity securities
368,970

 
—

 
—

 
368,970

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
—

 
69,182

 
123,235

 
192,417

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
—

 
434,068

 
—

 
434,068

Derivative assets
2,237

 
509,512

 
—

 
511,749

Total assets
$
1,373,621

 
$
15,971,793

 
$
127,735

 
$
17,473,149

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
$
—

 
$
397,229

 
$
—

 
$
397,229

Derivative liabilities
156

 
45,267

 
—

 
45,423

Total liabilities
$
156

 
$
442,496

 
$
—

 
$
442,652

 
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
At December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
$
—

 
$
13,665,083

 
$
1,871

 
$
13,666,954

Trading securities
1,002,062

 
—

 
—

 
1,002,062

Equity securities
335,638

 
—

 
—

 
335,638

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
—

 
58,607

 
—

 
58,607

Derivative assets
1,917

 
460,163

 
—

 
462,080

Total assets
$
1,339,617

 
$
14,183,853

 
$
1,871

 
$
15,525,341

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
$
239

 
$
129,055

 
$
—

 
$
129,294

Total liabilities
$
239

 
$
129,055

 
$
—

 
$
129,294


The Company may be required to measure certain assets or liabilities at fair value from time to time. These periodic fair value measures typically result from application of certain impairment measures under GAAP. These items would constitute nonrecurring fair value measures under ASC 820. As of March 31, 2013, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the periods presented. 
The valuation of Level 3 instruments requires significant judgment by the third-party pricing providers and/or management. The third party pricing providers and/or management rely on inputs such as market price quotations from market makers (either market or indicative levels), original transaction price, recent transactions in the same or similar instruments, and changes in financial ratios or cash flows to determine fair value. Level 3 instruments may also be discounted to reflect illiquidity and/or non-transferability, with the amount of such discount estimated by the third party pricing provider in the absence of market information. Assumptions used by the third party pricing provider due to lack of observable inputs may significantly impact the resulting fair value and therefore the Company's financial statements. The Company's valuation committee reviews all valuations that are based on pricing information received from a third-party pricing provider. As part of this review, prices are compared against other pricing or input data points in the marketplace, along with internal valuation expertise, to ensure the

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

pricing is reasonable. In addition, the Company performs back-testing of pricing information to validate price information and identify any pricing trends of a third party price provider.
In determining fair value, third party pricing providers use various valuation approaches, including market and income approaches. Inputs that are used in determining fair value of an instrument may include pricing information, credit data, volatility statistics, and other factors. In addition, inputs can be either observable or unobservable.
The availability of observable inputs can vary by instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace and other characteristics particular to the instrument. The third party pricing provider uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocations. In periods of market dislocation, the availability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified to or from various levels within the fair value hierarchy.
Securities for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the bid price (in the case of long positions) or the ask price (in the case of short positions) at the close of trading on the date as of which value is determined. Exchange-traded securities for which no bid or ask price is available are valued at the last traded price. OTC derivative contracts, including interest rate swaps, swaptions, and credit default swaps, are valued by the Company using observable inputs, specifically quotations received from third-party pricing providers, and are therefore classified within Level 2.
The table below presents the reconciliation for all of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The Level 3 items presented below may be hedged by derivatives and other financial instruments that are classified as Level 1 or Level 2. Thus, the tables below do not fully reflect the impact of the Company's risk management activities.
 
Level 3 Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
 
Assets
 
(in thousands)
Available-For-Sale Securities
 
Mortgage Loans Held-For-Sale
 
Beginning of period level 3 fair value
$
1,871

 
$
—

 
Gains/(losses) included in net income:
 
 
 
 
Realized gains (losses)
74

(1) 
—

 
Unrealized gains (losses)
—

 
13,923

(2) 
Total net gains/(losses) included in net income
74

 
13,923

 
Other comprehensive income 
1,426

 
—

 
Purchases
—

 
109,484

 
Sales
—

 
—

 
Settlements
—

 
(172
)
 
Gross transfers into level 3
3,000

 
—

 
Gross transfers out of level 3
(1,871
)
 
—

 
End of period level 3 fair value
$
4,500

 
$
123,235

 
Change in unrealized gains or losses for the period included in earnings for assets held at the end of the reporting period
$
—

 
$
13,923

(3) 
___________________
(1)
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the realized losses on available-for-sale securities represent net (premium amortization)/discount accretion recorded in interest income on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(2)
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the change in unrealized gains or losses on mortgage loans held-for-sale was recorded in gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(3)
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the change in unrealized gains or losses on mortgage loans held-for-sale that were held at the end of the reporting period were recorded in gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.


26
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The Company transferred two Level 3 assets in the amount of $1.9 million into Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2013. The assets were deemed to be Level 2 based on the availability of third-party pricing and corroborating market data. The Company did not incur transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three months ended March 31, 2013. The Company transferred one Level 2 asset in the amount of $3.0 million into Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2013. The asset was deemed to be Level 3 based on the limited availability of third-party pricing. Transfers between Levels are deemed to take place on the first day of the reporting period in which the transfer has taken place.
One available-for-sale security was classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement at March 31, 2013. Although third party pricing was obtained from multiple sources, the asset was deemed to be Level 3 due to unique circumstances and a wide discrepancy in fair values obtained.
The Company used a third party pricing provider in the fair value measurement of its Level 3 mortgage loans held-for-sale. The significant unobservable inputs used by the third party pricing provider included expected default, severity and discount rate. Significant increases (decreases) in any of the inputs in isolation may result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The Company elected the fair value option for the residential mortgage loans it acquired. The fair value option was elected to mitigate earnings volatility by better matching the accounting for the assets with the related hedges. The residential mortgage loans are carried within mortgage loans held-for-sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company's policy is to separately record interest income on these fair value elected loans. Upfront fees and costs related to the fair value elected loans are not deferred or capitalized. Fair value adjustments are reported in gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value option is irrevocable once the loan is acquired.
The Company elected the fair value option for the equity securities carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, which consist solely of shares of Silver Bay common stock. The Company determines fair value of these equity securities based on the closing market price at period end. Fair value adjustments are reported in gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
The Company also elected the fair value option for both the mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and the collateralized borrowings in securitization trust carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value option was elected to better reflect the economics of the Company's retained interests. The Company's policy is to separately record interest income on the fair value elected loans and interest expense on the fair value elected borrowings. Upfront fees and costs are not deferred or capitalized. Fair value adjustments are reported in gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

27
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair value option elections and information regarding the amounts recognized in earnings for each fair value option-elected item.
 
Changes included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Interest income:
 
 
 
Interest income on mortgage loans held-for-sale (1)
$
1,318

 
$
69

Interest income on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust (1)
1,654

 
—

Interest expense:
 
 
 
Interest expense on collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
(818
)
 
—

Other income:
 
 
 
Realized loss on mortgage loans held-for-sale (2)
(62
)
 
—

Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale (2)
14,098

 
(45
)
Unrealized loss on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust (3)
(8,002
)
 
—

Unrealized gain on collateralized borrowings in securitization trust (3)
14,291

 
—

Unrealized gain on equity securities (4)
7,843

 
—

Total included in net income
$
30,322

 
$
24

Change in fair value due to credit risk
$
—

 
$
—

____________________
(1)
Interest income on mortgage loans held-for-sale and mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust is measured by multiplying the unpaid principal balance on the loans by the coupon rate and the number of days of interest due.
(2)
Realized loss and unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale is recorded in gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(3)
Unrealized losses on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and unrealized gains on collateralized borrowings in securitization trust are recorded in gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(4)
Unrealized gain on equity securities is recorded in gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.


28
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The table below provides the fair value and the unpaid principal balance for the Company's fair value option-elected loans and collateralized borrowings.
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value (1)
 
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value (1)
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
228,840

 
$
192,417

 
$
56,976

 
$
58,607

Nonaccrual loans
$
18,607

 
$
12,590

 
$
—

 
$
—

Loans 90+ days past due
$
18,607

 
$
12,590

 
$
—

 
$
—

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans
$
421,485

 
$
434,068

 
$
—

 
$
—

Nonaccrual loans
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Loans 90+ days past due
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total borrowings
$
407,361

 
$
397,229

 
$
—

 
$
—

____________________
(1)
Excludes accrued interest receivable.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with ASC 820, the Company is required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, for which fair value can be estimated.
The following describes the Company's methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments. Descriptions are not provided for those items that have zero balances as of the current balance sheet date.
•
AFS securities, trading securities, equity securities, mortgage loans held-for-sale, mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust, derivative assets and liabilities, and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust are recurring fair value measurements; carrying value equals fair value. See discussion of valuation methods and assumptions within the Fair Value Measurements section of this footnote.
•
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash have a carrying value which approximates fair value because of the short maturities of these instruments. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these assets as Level 1.
•
The carrying value of repurchase agreements that mature in less than one year generally approximates fair value due to the short maturities. The Company holds $200.0 million of repurchase agreements that are considered long-term. The Company's long-term repurchase agreements have floating rates based on an index plus a spread and the credit spread is typically consistent with those demanded in the market. Accordingly, the interest rates on these borrowings are at market and thus carrying value approximates fair value. The Company categorizes the fair value measurement of these liabilities as Level 1.

29
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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
$
14,963,531

 
$
14,963,531

 
$
13,666,954

 
$
13,666,954

Trading securities
1,002,414

 
1,002,414

 
1,002,062

 
1,002,062

Equity securities
368,970

 
368,970

 
335,638

 
335,638

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
192,417

 
192,417

 
58,607

 
58,607

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
434,068

 
434,068

 
—

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents
1,140,706

 
1,140,706

 
821,108

 
821,108

Restricted cash
277,428

 
277,428

 
302,322

 
302,322

Derivative assets
511,749

 
511,749

 
462,080

 
462,080

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
$
13,444,565

 
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510

 
$
12,624,510

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
397,229

 
397,229

 
—

 
—

Derivative liabilities
45,423

 
45,423

 
129,294

 
129,294


Note 15. Repurchase Agreements
The Company had outstanding $13.4 billion of repurchase agreements, including repurchase agreements funding the Company's U.S. Treasuries of $1.0 billion. Excluding the debt associated with the Company's U.S. Treasuries and the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps, the repurchase agreements had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.70% and weighted average remaining maturities of 82 days as of March 31, 2013. The Company had outstanding $12.6 billion of repurchase agreements with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.76%, excluding the debt associated with the Company's U.S. Treasuries and the effect of the Company's interest rate swaps, and weighted average remaining maturities of 85 days as of December 31, 2012. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the debt associated with the Company's U.S. Treasuries had a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.23% and 0.30%, respectively.
At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the repurchase agreement balances were as follows:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Short-term
$
13,244,565

 
$
12,424,510

Long-term
200,000

 
200,000

Total
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510



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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the repurchase agreements had the following characteristics:
(dollars in thousands)
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Collateral Type
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
U.S. Treasuries
 
$
1,005,000

 
0.23
%
 
$
997,500

 
0.30
%
Agency RMBS AFS
 
10,897,155

 
0.49
%
 
10,171,385

 
0.54
%
Non-Agency RMBS
 
1,289,846

 
2.35
%
 
1,177,675

 
2.50
%
Agency derivatives
 
229,488

 
1.10
%
 
228,241

 
1.16
%
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
23,076

 
2.45
%
 
49,709

 
2.46
%
Total
 
$
13,444,565

 
0.66
%
 
$
12,624,510

 
0.72
%

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the repurchase agreements had the following remaining maturities:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Within 30 days
$
2,014,206

 
$
3,038,229

30 to 59 days
4,355,947

 
3,528,393

60 to 89 days
2,501,381

 
1,731,595

90 to 119 days
2,570,014

 
849,621

120 to 364 days
798,017

 
2,279,172

Open maturity (1)
1,005,000

 
997,500

One year and over (2)
200,000

 
200,000

Total
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510

____________________
(1)
Repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasuries include an open maturity period (i.e., rolling 1-day maturity) renewable at the discretion of either party to the agreements.
(2)
One year and over includes repurchase agreements with maturity dates ranging from June 26, 2015 to July 27, 2016.

The following table summarizes assets at carrying value that are pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of repurchase agreements:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value
$
13,619,731

 
$
12,810,355

Trading securities, at fair value
1,002,414

 
1,002,062

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
25,909

 
52,529

Cash and cash equivalents
15,000

 
10,000

Restricted cash
129,148

 
84,307

Due from counterparties
13,351

 
36,917

Derivative assets, at fair value
291,295

 
291,054

Total
$
15,096,848

 
$
14,287,224


Although the transactions under repurchase agreements represent committed borrowings until maturity, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company's repurchase agreements and counterparty concentration at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
Amount Outstanding
 
Net Counterparty Exposure (1)
 
Percent of Equity
 
Weighted Average Days to Maturity
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Net Counterparty Exposure (1)
 
Percent of Equity
 
Weighted Average Days to Maturity
JP Morgan Chase (2)
$
1,327,938

 
$
266,429

 
7
%
 
77.4

 
$
1,382,348

 
$
281,717

 
8
%
 
70.8

All other counterparties (3)
11,111,627

 
1,319,993

 
32
%
 
81.8

 
10,244,662

 
1,379,409

 
40
%
 
86.4

Total
$
12,439,565

 
$
1,586,422

 
 
 
 
 
$
11,627,010

 
$
1,661,126

 
 
 
 
____________________
(1)
Represents the net carrying value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase, including accrued interest plus any cash or assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, less the amount of the repurchase liability, including accrued interest. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had $291.5 million and $291.7 million, respectively, in payables due to broker counterparties for unsettled securities purchases. The payables are not included in the amounts presented above.
(2)
Excludes repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasuries with a rolling 1-day maturity.
(3)
Represents amounts outstanding to 19 and 21 counterparties at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

The Company does not anticipate any defaults by its repurchase agreement counterparties.

Note 16. Collateralized Borrowings in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The debt associated with the underlying residential mortgage loans held at the trust, which is consolidated on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, is classified as collateralized borrowings in securitization trust and carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information regarding consolidation of the securitization trust. As of March 31, 2013, the collateralized borrowings in securitization trust had a carrying value of $397.2 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.19%. The stated maturity dates for all collateralized borrowings are greater than five years from March 31, 2013. No collateralized borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2012.


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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 17. Stockholders' Equity
Distributions to Stockholders
The following table presents cash dividends declared by the Company on its common stock from October 28, 2009 through March 31, 2013:
Declaration Date
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
 
Cash Dividend Per Share
March 18, 2013
 
April 2, 2013
 
April 24, 2013
 
$
0.32

December 17, 2012
 
December 31, 2012
 
January 18, 2013
 
$
0.55

September 12, 2012
 
September 24, 2012
 
October 22, 2012
 
$
0.36

June 12, 2012
 
June 22, 2012
 
July 20, 2012
 
$
0.40

March 14, 2012
 
March 26, 2012
 
April 20, 2012
 
$
0.40

December 14, 2011
 
December 27, 2011
 
January 20, 2012
 
$
0.40

September 14, 2011
 
September 26, 2011
 
October 20, 2011
 
$
0.40

June 14, 2011
 
June 24, 2011
 
July 20, 2011
 
$
0.40

March 2, 2011
 
March 14, 2011
 
April 14, 2011
 
$
0.40

December 8, 2010
 
December 17, 2010
 
January 20, 2011
 
$
0.40

September 13, 2010
 
September 30, 2010
 
October 21, 2010
 
$
0.39

June 14, 2010
 
June 30, 2010
 
July 22, 2010
 
$
0.33

March 12, 2010
 
March 31, 2010
 
April 23, 2010
 
$
0.36

December 21, 2009
 
December 31, 2009
 
January 26, 2010
 
$
0.26


Special Dividend of Silver Bay Common Stock
On March 18, 2013, the Company's board of directors declared a special dividend pursuant to which the 17,824,647 shares of Silver Bay common stock the Company received in exchange for the contribution of its equity interests in Two Harbors Property Investment LLC to Silver Bay on December 19, 2012 would be distributed, on a pro rata basis, to Two Harbors stockholders of record at the close of business on April 2, 2013. The final distribution ratio for the stock dividend was determined to be 0.048825853 shares of Silver Bay common stock for each share of the Company's common stock outstanding as of April 2, 2013. The dividend was payable on or about April 24, 2013.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Accumulated other comprehensive income at March 31, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value
 
 
 
Unrealized gains
$
889,179

 
$
724,696

Unrealized losses
(88,469
)
 
(28,238
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
$
800,710

 
$
696,458


Public Offering
On March 22, 2013, the Company completed a public offering of 50,000,000 shares of its common stock and issued an additional 7,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotments at a price of $13.46 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $774.0 million. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $762.9 million, net of issuance costs of approximately $11.1 million.
Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan
The Company sponsors a dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan through which stockholders may purchase additional shares of the Company's common stock by reinvesting some or all of the cash dividends received on shares of the Company's common stock. Stockholders may also make optional cash purchases of shares of the Company's common stock

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

subject to certain limitation detailed in the plan prospectus. An aggregate of 7.5 million shares of our common stock were originally reserved for issuance under the plan. As of March 31, 2013, 109,744 shares have been issued under the plan for total proceeds of $1.2 million.
Share Repurchase Program
On October 5, 2011, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, which allows the Company to repurchase up to 10,000,000 shares of its common stock. On November 14, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the share repurchase program of 15,000,000, for a total of 25,000,000 shares. Shares may be repurchased from time to time through privately negotiated transactions or open market transactions, pursuant to a trading plan in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or by any combination of such methods. The manner, price, number and timing of share repurchases will be subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and applicable SEC rules. As of March 31, 2013, the Company has not repurchased any shares under the program.
At-the-Market Offering
On May 25, 2012, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement under which the Company may sell up to an aggregate of 20,000,000 shares of its common stock from time to time in any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. As of March 31, 2013, 7,585,869 shares of common stock have been sold under the equity distribution agreement for total accumulated net proceeds of approximately $77.6 million; however, no shares were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Warrants
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, warrantholders exercised 5,797,328 warrants to purchase 5,797,328 shares of the Company's common stock, at an exercise price of $11.00 per share, resulting in proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $63.8 million. Additionally, certain Capitol founders holding warrants containing cashless exercise provisions exercised 100,000 warrants on a cashless basis, resulting in the surrender of 93,649 shares of common stock and the issuance of 6,351 shares of common stock. No proceeds were received by the Company as a result of the cashless exercises. As of March 31, 2013, 7,634,101 warrants to purchase 7,634,101 shares of common stock remained outstanding.
On March 18, 2013, the Company announced an adjustment to (1) the exercise price payable upon exercise of the warrants, and (2) the number of shares of company common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and payment of the exercise price therefore. These adjustments are required under the terms of the warrant agreement as a result of the special dividend of Silver Bay common stock. Calculation of the adjustments was determined based on, among other things, the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the business day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for the stock dividend and the fair market value of the stock dividend to be received for each share of the Company’s common stock on the ex-dividend date. As a result, on April 2, 2013, the exercise price of the warrants was lowered to $10.25 per warrant share and the number of shares of the Company’s common stock issuable for each warrant share exercised was increased to 1.0727 shares.

Note 18. Other Operating Expenses
Components of the Company's other operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, are presented in the following table:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)
2013
 
2012
Other operating expenses:
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
4,712

 
$
3,060

Directors and officers' insurance
201

 
114

Professional fees
1,648

 
376

Total other operating expenses
$
6,561

 
$
3,550


Note 19. Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on its taxable income to the extent it annually distributes its net taxable income to stockholders, does not engage in prohibited transactions, and maintains its intended qualification as a REIT. The majority of states also recognize the

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Company's REIT status. The Company's TRSs file separate tax returns and are fully taxed as standalone U.S. C-Corporations. It is assumed that the Company will retain its REIT status and will incur no REIT level taxation as it intends to comply with the REIT regulations and annual distribution requirements.
During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company's TRSs recognized a provision for income taxes of $5.0 million and a benefit from income taxes of $7.6 million, respectively.
Based on the Company's evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company's financial statements of a contingent tax liability for uncertain tax positions.

Note 20. Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the earnings and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share, or EPS, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except share data)
2013
 
2012
Numerator:
 
 
 
Net income from continuing operations
$
142,339

 
$
51,846

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
1,377

 
(46
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

Denominator:
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
305,259,599

 
186,804,142

Weighted average restricted stock shares
25,323

 
51,447

Basic weighted average shares outstanding
305,284,922

 
186,855,589

Dilutive weighted average warrants
1,678,789

 
—

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
306,963,711

 
186,855,589

Basic Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
—

 
—

Net income
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Diluted Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
—

 
—

Net income
$
0.47

 
$
0.28


During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the weighted average market value per share of the Company's common stock was above the exercise price of the warrants, making the warrants dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company assumed that no warrants would be exercised as the weighted average market value per share of the Company's common stock was below the exercise price of the warrants and the warrants would be anti-dilutive.

Note 21. Related Party Transactions
The following summary provides disclosure of the material transactions with affiliates of the Company.
In accordance with the Management Agreement with PRCM Advisers, the Company incurred $9.1 million and $6.7 million as a management fee to PRCM Advisers for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which represents approximately 1.5% of stockholders' equity on an annualized basis as defined by the Management Agreement. However, these fees were reduced by $4.3 million on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 in accordance with the contribution transaction entered into with Silver Bay. See further discussion of this adjustment below. In addition, the Company reimbursed PRCM Advisers for direct and allocated costs incurred by PRCM Advisers on behalf of the Company. These direct and allocated costs totaled approximately $1.9 million and $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

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TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.  
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

In April 2012, the Company established an accounts payable function and direct relationships with the majority of its third party vendors. The Company will continue to have certain costs allocated to it by PRCM Advisers for compensation, data services and proprietary technology, but most direct expenses with third party vendors are paid directly by the Company.
The Company recognized $23,437 and $60,070 of compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, associated with the amortization of shares of restricted stock issued to the Company's independent directors as part of their annual compensation.
As of March 31, 2013, there were 7,634,101 warrants to purchase 7,634,101 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Of the 7,634,101 warrants remaining at March 31, 2013, 500,000 were beneficially owned by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. and Nisswa Acquisition Master Fund Ltd., which are investment funds managed by Pine River. The Company is required to maintain a resale registration statement for the warrants and common stock issuable upon exercise thereof that are held by Pine River Master Fund Ltd. and Nisswa Acquisition Master Fund Ltd.
On February 3, 2012, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an acquisition services agreement, a property management agreement and a side letter agreement regarding certain fees with Silver Bay Property Management LLC, or Silver Bay, which is a joint venture between Provident Real Estate Advisors LLC and an affiliate of PRCM Advisers and Pine River. Under the acquisition services agreement, Silver Bay assisted the Company's subsidiaries in identifying and acquiring a portfolio of residential real properties in various geographic areas throughout the U.S. Under the property management agreement, Silver Bay operated, maintained, repaired, managed and leased the residential properties and collected rental income for the benefit of the Company and its subsidiaries. Pursuant to the side letter, the Company's subsidiary was obligated to pay Silver Bay for various services provided under the acquisition services and property management agreements. These fees were immaterial for the three months ended March 31, 2012. These agreements were terminated on December 19, 2012 in connection with the contribution of the Company's single family rental property business to Silver Bay, as described below.
On December 19, 2012, the Company completed the contribution of its portfolio of single family rental properties to Silver Bay, a newly organized Maryland corporation intended to qualify as a REIT and focused on the acquisition, renovation, leasing and management of single-family residential properties for rental income and long-term capital appreciation. The Company contributed its equity interests in its wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC to Silver Bay, and in exchange for its contribution, received shares of common stock of Silver Bay. Silver Bay completed its initial public offering, or IPO, of its common stock on December 19, 2012. See Note 4 - Discontinued Operations for additional information. In connection with the closing of the contribution, the acquisition services agreement, property management agreement and side letter agreement referenced above were each terminated, except for certain designated provisions (e.g., protection of confidential information and indemnification), which the parties agreed would survive the termination. Not included in the gain that was recorded on the contribution in 2012 are certain adjustments to be recognized in 2013. These include an installment sales gain of approximately $4.0 million from Silver Bay, a reduction of 2013 management fees payable to PRCM Advisers of $4.3 million, and an immaterial amount of additional working capital adjustments determined in accordance with the contribution agreement entered into with Silver Bay. Of these amounts, $1.2 million of the installment sales gain was recorded in gain on contribution of entity within discontinued operations, and the full $4.3 million of the reduction of 2013 management fees payable to PRCM Advisers was recorded within management fees, on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

Note 22. Subsequent Events
On April 30, 2013, one of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries acquired a company that has seller-servicer approvals from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae to hold and manage mortgage servicing rights.
Events subsequent to March 31, 2013, were evaluated through the date these financial statements were issued and no additional events were identified requiring further disclosure in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

General
We are a Maryland corporation focused on investing in, financing and managing residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, residential mortgage loans, and other financial assets, which we collectively refer to as our target assets. We operate as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, as defined under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.
We are externally managed and advised by PRCM Advisers LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pine River Capital Management L.P., or Pine River. Founded in 2002, with offices in New York, London, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Beijing, Austin and Minnetonka, Minnesota, Pine River is a global multi-strategy asset management firm providing comprehensive portfolio management, transparency and liquidity to institutional and high net worth investors.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders over the long term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We selectively acquire and manage an investment portfolio of our target assets, which is constructed to generate attractive returns through market cycles. We focus on security selection and implement a relative value investment approach across various sectors within the residential mortgage market. Our target assets include the following:

•
Agency RMBS (which includes inverse interest-only Agency securities classified as Agency Derivatives for purposes of U.S. GAAP), meaning RMBS whose principal and interest payments are guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (or Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (or Fannie Mae), or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (or Freddie Mac);
•
Non-Agency RMBS, meaning RMBS that are not issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac;
•
Prime nonconforming residential mortgage loans, credit sensitive mortgage loans and mortgage servicing rights; and
•
Other financial assets comprising approximately 5% to 10% of the portfolio.

We believe our hybrid Agency and non-Agency RMBS investment model allows management to focus on security selection and implement a relative value investment approach across various sectors within the residential mortgage market, which factors in the opportunities in the marketplace, cost of financing and cost of hedging interest rate, prepayment, credit and other portfolio risks. As a result, RMBS asset allocation reflects management's opportunistic approach to investing in the marketplace.
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we did not significantly modify our RMBS asset allocation between Agency and non-Agency RMBS. The following table provides the RMBS asset allocation between Agency and non-Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2013 and the four immediately preceding period ends:
 
As of
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
Agency RMBS
80.2
%
 
81.0
%
 
83.7
%
 
81.7
%
 
79.4
%
Non-Agency RMBS
19.8
%
 
19.0
%
 
16.3
%
 
18.3
%
 
20.6
%

As our RMBS asset allocation shifts, our annualized yields and cost of financing shifts. As previously discussed, our investment decisions are not driven solely by annualized yields, but rather a multitude of macroeconomic drivers, including market environments and their respective impacts; for example, uncertainty of faster prepayments, extension risk and credit events.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2013, our net interest spread realized on Agency and non-Agency RMBS was lower than prior periods. Based on recent experience, yields and net interest spreads on Agency and non-Agency RMBS securities are generally lower than what we have historically realized in our portfolio. The decrease in yields and net interest spreads across comparative periods is due primarily to the deployment of new capital in both Agency and non-Agency RMBS with lower loss adjusted yields and tighter spreads. The following table provides the average annualized yield on our Agency and non-Agency RMBS for the three months ended March 31, 2013, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
Average annualized yields (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
2.9
%
 
2.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.3
%
 
3.5
%
Non-Agency RMBS
9.2
%
 
9.5
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.7
%
Aggregate RMBS
4.0
%
 
4.0
%
 
4.2
%
 
4.6
%
 
4.9
%
Cost of financing (2)
1.1
%
 
1.1
%
 
1.1
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.0
%
Net interest spread
2.9
%
 
2.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
3.6
%
 
3.9
%
____________________
(1)
Average annualized yield incorporates future prepayment, credit loss and other assumptions, all of which are estimates and subject to change.
(2)
Cost of financing includes swap interest rate spread.

The following table provides the average annualized yield expected on our Agency and non-Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2013, and the four immediately preceding period ends:
 
As of
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
Average annualized yields (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
2.9
%
 
2.9
%
 
2.8
%
 
3.3
%
 
3.5
%
Non-Agency RMBS
9.2
%
 
9.4
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.6
%
 
9.7
%
Aggregate RMBS
3.8
%
 
4.0
%
 
3.8
%
 
4.5
%
 
4.7
%
Cost of financing (2)
1.1
%
 
1.2
%
 
1.1
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.0
%
Net interest spread
2.7
%
 
2.8
%
 
2.7
%
 
3.5
%
 
3.7
%
____________________
(1)
Average annualized yield incorporates future prepayment, credit loss and other assumptions, all of which are estimates and subject to change.
(2)
Cost of financing includes swap interest rate spread.

We seek to deploy moderate leverage as part of our investment strategy. We generally finance our RMBS assets through short-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. Our Agency RMBS, given their liquidity and high credit quality, are eligible for higher levels of leverage, while non-Agency RMBS, with less liquidity and exposure to credit risk, utilize lower levels of leverage. We also finance our U.S. Treasuries, which we hold for trading purposes, and our mortgage loans. We believe the debt-to-equity ratio funding our Agency RMBS, non-Agency and mortgage loans held-for-sale is the most meaningful leverage measure as U.S. Treasuries are viewed to be highly liquid in nature and collateralized borrowings on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust represents term financing with no stated maturity. As a result, our debt-to-equity ratio is determined by our RMBS portfolio mix as well as many additional factors, including the liquidity of our portfolio, the sustainability and price of our financing, diversification of our counterparties and their available capacity to finance our RMBS assets, and anticipated regulatory developments. Over the past several quarterly periods, we have generally maintained a debt-to-equity ratio range of 3.0 to 5.0 times to finance our RMBS portfolio and mortgage loans held-for-sale, on a fully deployed capital basis. Our debt-to-equity ratio is directly correlated to the make-up of our RMBS portfolio; specifically, the higher percentage of Agency RMBS we hold, the higher our debt-to-equity ratio is, and vice versa. We may alter the percentage allocation of our portfolio between Agency and non-Agency RMBS depending on the quality of the assets that are available to purchase from time to time, including at times when we are deploying proceeds from common stock offerings we conduct. The debt-to-equity ratio range has been driven by our relatively stable asset allocation between Agency and non-

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Agency RMBS, as disclosed above. See the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Financial Condition -- Repurchase Agreements" for further discussion.
We recognize that investing in our target assets is competitive and that we compete with other investment vehicles for attractive investment opportunities. We rely on our management team and Pine River, who have developed strong relationships with a diverse group of financial intermediaries, to identify investment opportunities. In addition, we have benefited and expect to continue to benefit from Pine River's analytical and portfolio management expertise and infrastructure. We believe that our significant focus on the RMBS area, the extensive RMBS expertise of our investment team, our strong analytics and our disciplined relative value investment approach give us a competitive advantage versus our peers.
We have elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT we are required to meet certain investment and operating tests and annual distribution requirements. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders, do not participate in prohibited transactions and maintain our intended qualification as a REIT. However, certain activities that we may perform may cause us to earn income which will not be qualifying income for REIT purposes. We have designated certain of our subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs, as defined in the Code, to engage in such activities, and we may form additional TRSs in the future. We also operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.
On December 19, 2012, we completed the contribution of our portfolio of single-family rental properties to Silver Bay Realty Trust Corp., or Silver Bay, a newly organized Maryland corporation intended to qualify as a REIT and focused on the acquisition, renovation, leasing and management of single family residential properties for rental income and long-term capital appreciation. We contributed our equity interests in the wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, to Silver Bay, and in exchange for the contribution, received shares of common stock of Silver Bay. Silver Bay completed its initial public offering, or IPO, of its common stock on December 19, 2012. As we will not have any significant continuing involvement in Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, all of the associated operating results were removed from continuing operations and are presented separately as discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, not only historical information, but also forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ from our beliefs, expectations, estimates, and projections and, consequently, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements are not historical in nature and can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “target,” “believe,” “intend,” “seek,” “plan” and similar expressions or their negative forms, or by references to strategy, plans, or intentions. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among other things, those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, under the caption “Risk Factors.” Other risks, uncertainties and factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected are described below and may be described from time to time in reports we file with the SEC, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Important factors, among others, that may affect our actual results include:
•
changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets;
•
changes in prepayment rates of mortgage loans comprising and underlying our target assets;
•
the timing of credit losses within our portfolio;
•
our exposure to adjustable-rate and negative amortization mortgage loans comprising and underlying our target assets;
•
the state of the credit markets and other general economic conditions, particularly as they affect the price of earning assets and the credit status of borrowers;
•
the concentration of the credit risks we are exposed to;
•
legislative and regulatory actions affecting the mortgage and derivative industries or our business;
•
the availability of target assets for purchase at attractive prices;
•
the availability of financing for our target assets, including the availability of repurchase agreement financing;
•
declines in home prices;
•
increases in payment delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages comprising and underlying our target assets;

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•
changes in liquidity in the market for real estate securities, the re-pricing of credit risk in the capital markets, inaccurate ratings of securities by rating agencies, rating agency downgrades of securities, and increases in the supply of real estate securities available-for-sale;
•
changes in the values of securities we own and the impact of adjustments reflecting those changes on our income statement and balance sheet, including our stockholders' equity;
•
our ability to generate the amount of cash flow we expect from our target assets;
•
changes in our investment, financing and hedging strategies and the new risks that those changes may expose us to;
•
changes in the competitive landscape within our industry, including changes that may affect our ability to retain or attract personnel;
•
our ability to build and maintain successful relationships with mortgage loan originators;
•
our ability to acquire mortgage loans in connection with our securitization plans;
•
our ability to securitize the mortgage loans that we acquire;
•
our ability to successfully diversify our business into new asset classes and manage the new risks they may expose us to;
•
our ability to manage various operational risks associated with our business;
•
our ability to maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting;
•
our ability to establish, adjust and maintain appropriate hedges for the risks in our portfolio;
•
our ability to maintain our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
•
limitations imposed on our business due to our REIT status and our status as exempt from registration under the 1940 Act.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain statistics and other data that in some cases have been obtained or compiled from information made available by mortgage loan servicers and other third-party service providers.

Factors Affecting our Operating Results
Our net interest income includes income from our RMBS portfolio, including the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, and income from our residential mortgage loans. Net interest income will fluctuate primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates, our financing costs, and prepayment speeds on our assets. Interest rates, financing costs and prepayment rates vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Our operating results will also be affected by default rates and credit losses with respect to the mortgage loans underlying our non-Agency RMBS and in our mortgage loan portfolio.

Fair Value Measurement
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between willing market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes three levels of input to be used when measuring fair value:

Level 1
Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date under current market conditions. Additionally, the entity must have the ability to access the active market and the quoted prices cannot be adjusted by the entity.
Level 2
Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means for substantially the full-term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3
Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets and liabilities, including risk. Generally, Level 3 assets and liabilities are valued using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques that require significant judgment or estimation.

We follow the fair value hierarchy set forth above in order to prioritize the data utilized to measure fair value. We strive to obtain quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1 inputs). If Level 1 inputs are not available, we will attempt to obtain Level 2 inputs, observable market prices in inactive markets or derive the fair value measurement using observable market prices for similar assets or liabilities. When neither Level 1 nor Level 2 inputs are available, we use Level 3 inputs and independent pricing service models to estimate fair value measurements. At March 31, 2013, approximately 91.9% of total

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assets, or $17.5 billion, and approximately 3.0% of total liabilities, or $442.7 million, consisted of financial instruments recorded at fair value. As of March 31, 2013, we had $127.7 million, or less than one percent, of total assets reported at fair value using Level 3 inputs. See Note 14 - Fair Value to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for descriptions of valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.
A significant portion of our assets and liabilities are at fair value and, therefore, our condensed consolidated balance sheet and income statement are significantly affected by fluctuations in market prices. Although we execute various hedging strategies to mitigate our exposure to changes in fair value, we cannot fully eliminate our exposure to volatility caused by fluctuations in market prices. Starting in 2007, markets for asset-backed securities, including RMBS, have experienced severe dislocations. While these market disruptions continue, our assets and liabilities will be subject to valuation adjustment as well as changes in the inputs we use to measure fair value.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, our unrealized fair value gains on interest rate swap and swaption agreements, which are accounted for as derivative trading instruments under GAAP, positively affected our financial results. The change in fair value of the interest rate swaps was a result of the realization of losses on interest rates swaps unwound and subsequent resetting of interest rate swaps at more favorable rates during the three months ended March 31, 2013. Our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 were positively affected by unrealized fair value gains on certain U.S. Treasuries classified as trading instruments due to their short-term investment objectives, equity securities, which consist solely of shares of Silver Bay common stock, and mortgage loans held-for-sale. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, our unrealized fair value losses on interest rate swap and swaption agreements, which are accounted for as derivative trading instruments under GAAP, negatively affected our financial results. The change in fair value of the interest rate swaps was a result of changes to LIBOR, the swap curve, and corresponding counterparty borrowing rates during the three months ended March 31, 2012. Our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2012 were negatively affected by unrealized fair value losses on certain U.S. Treasuries classified as trading instruments. In addition, our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 were affected by the unrealized gains and losses of certain other derivative instruments that were accounted for as trading derivative instruments, i.e., credit default swaps, TBAs, inverse interest-only securities and forward mortgage loan purchase commitments. Any temporary change in the fair value of our available-for-sale securities is recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and does not impact our earnings.
We have numerous internal controls in place to help ensure the appropriateness of fair value measurements. Significant fair value measures are subject to detailed analytics and management review and approval. Our entire investment portfolio is priced by third-party brokers and/or by independent pricing providers. We strive to obtain multiple market data points for each valuation. We utilize “bid side” pricing for our RMBS assets and, as a result, certain assets, especially the most recent purchases, may realize a markdown due to the “bid-offer” spread. To the extent that this occurs, any economic effect of this would be reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. We back test the fair value measurements provided by the pricing providers against actual performance. We also monitor the market for recent trades, market surveys, or other market information that may be used to benchmark pricing provider inputs.
Considerable judgment is used in forming conclusions and estimating inputs to our Level 3 fair value measurements. Level 3 inputs such as interest rate movements, prepayments speeds, credit losses and discount rates are inherently difficult to estimate. Changes to these inputs can have a significant effect on fair value measurements. Accordingly, there is no assurance that our estimates of fair value are indicative of the amounts that would be realized on the ultimate sale or exchange of these assets.

Market Conditions and Outlook
The key macroeconomic factors that impact our business are home prices, interest rates and employment. Home price performance is important to our non-Agency portfolio. We are continuing to see signs of stabilization and some improvement in housing prices. Forecasts call for a continuation of home price appreciation in the next several years, albeit at a slower pace than 2012. Despite the improvement in housing prices, loan-to-value ratios remain high and have the effect of limiting refinancing ability despite low interest rates and government policy programs that promote refinancing. The low interest rate environment is expected to persist, absent a substantial improvement in economic conditions and employment, influencing funding costs and prepayment speeds. A low Federal Funds Target Rate is expected to benefit funding costs for the next few years. Employment trends are expected to improve; however, current unemployment levels remain stubbornly high. Next to loan-to-value ratios, employment is the most powerful determinant of a homeowner's ongoing likelihood to pay their mortgage.
The first three months of 2013 continued to produce a number of regulatory actions in an effort to stabilize economic conditions and increase liquidity in the financial markets as well as other actions related to the fall-out from the financial and foreclosure crises. Regulatory actions that could affect the value of our RMBS, either positively or negatively, include attempts by the U.S. government to further streamline the refinancing process to allow more borrowers to refinance into lower interest rate mortgage loans; the Federal Housing Finance Agency's announcement that the GSEs will implement a new, streamlined loan modification initiative for borrowers that are 90+ days delinquent; the Federal Reserve's intention to keep the Federal

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Funds Target Rate near zero into 2015; the possibility of an REO-to-rental program supported by the GSEs; an expansion of the HAMP refinancing program to include borrowers whose loans are not in GSE pools; the Federal Reserve's open-ended program to purchase $40 billion of RMBS per month; and the Federal Reserve's so-called "Operation Twist." Additionally, the U.S. economy continues to be burdened by the ongoing European debt crisis, elevated unemployment numbers and a struggling housing market, which, despite signs of an approaching recovery, remains weighted with backlogs of homes in the foreclosure process. Meanwhile, mortgage servicers continue to evaluate the impacts of the recent settlement with State Attorneys General over improper servicing and foreclosure practices and the adoption by several states of various legislation aimed at curtailing or modifying foreclosure processes. Events such as these will continue to affect our portfolio.
We believe our blended Agency and non-Agency strategies and our investing expertise will allow us to better navigate the dynamic characteristics of the RMBS environment while GSE reform and any other future regulatory efforts take shape. Having a diversified portfolio allows us to mitigate risks, including the volatility and impacts generated by uncertainty in interest rates and changes in prepayments, home prices and homeowner default rates. As such, we are exploring new opportunities that capitalize on our prepayment and credit expertise, including prime nonconforming residential mortgage loans, credit sensitive loans and mortgage servicing rights.
We expect that the majority of our assets will remain in whole-pool Agency RMBS in light of the long-term attractiveness of the asset class and in order to continue to satisfy the requirements of our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act. Interest-only Agency securities also provide a complementary investment and risk-management strategy to our principal and interest Agency RMBS investments. Risk-adjusted returns in our Agency RMBS portfolio may decline if we are required to pay higher purchase premiums due to lower interest rates or additional liquidity in the market. Additionally, the Federal Reserve's open-ended program to purchase RMBS may impact the returns of our Agency RMBS portfolio.
The following table provides the carrying value of our RMBS portfolio by product type:
(dollars in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Agency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Rate
$
11,750,898

 
76.9
%
 
$
10,823,674

 
77.5
%
Hybrid ARMs
181,657

 
1.2
%
 
188,429

 
1.3
%
Total Agency
11,932,555

 
78.1
%
 
11,012,103

 
78.8
%
Agency Derivatives
309,740

 
2.1
%
 
301,264

 
2.2
%
Non-Agency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior
2,450,813

 
16.0
%
 
2,132,272

 
15.3
%
Mezzanine
576,205

 
3.8
%
 
518,466

 
3.7
%
Interest-only securities
3,958

 
—
%
 
4,113

 
—
%
Total Non-Agency
3,030,976

 
19.8
%
 
2,654,851

 
19.0
%
Total
$
15,273,271

 
 
 
$
13,968,218

 
 

Prepayment speeds and volatility due to interest rates
Our Agency RMBS portfolio is subject to inherent prepayment risk: generally, a decline in interest rates that leads to rising prepayment speeds will cause the market value of our interest-only securities to deteriorate, but will cause the market value of our fixed coupon Agency pools to increase. The inverse relationship occurs when interest rates increase and prepayments slow. Housing prices have increased over the past year, but are still generally much lower than at the peak of the housing market. This, combined with elevated unemployment rates and housing inventory, leads us to expect that there will not be a significant increase in prepayment speeds in 2013. However, given the low level of interest rates, the extension of HARP 2.0 to the end of 2015, and the revamped Home Affordable Refinance Program, prepayment speeds, particularly due to refinancings, have increased on many RMBS. These government actions, combined with other potential government programs, could also lead to a further increase in prepayment speeds in RMBS, which could lead to less attractive reinvestment opportunities. Nonetheless, we believe our portfolio approach, including our security selection process, is well positioned to respond to a variety of market scenarios, including an overall faster prepayment environment.
Although we are unable to predict the movement in interest rates in 2013 and beyond, our blended Agency and non-Agency portfolio strategy is intended to generate attractive yields with a low level of sensitivity to yield curve, prepayments and interest rate cycles.
Our portfolio includes Agency securities, which includes bonds with explicit prepayment protection, $85K maximum loan balance pools (securities collateralized by loans of less than $85,000 in principal), other low loan balances (securities collateralized by loans of less than $175,000, but more than $85,000 in principal), high loan-to-value (or LTV) ratios (securities

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collateralized by loans with greater or equal to 80% LTV predominantly comprised of Making Homeownership Affordable (or MHA) pools that consist of borrowers who have refinanced through HARP), home equity conversion mortgages (securities collateralized by reverse mortgages), low FICO scores (lower credit borrowers), and seasoned bonds reflecting less prepayment risk due to previously experienced high levels of refinancing. We believe these RMBS characteristics reduce the prepayment risk to the portfolio.
The following tables provide the carrying value of our Agency RMBS portfolio by vintage and prepayment protection:
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
Agency RMBS AFS
 
Agency Derivatives
 
Total Agency RMBS
(dollars in thousands)
Fixed Rate
 
Hybrid ARMs
 
 
High LTV (predominantly MHA)
$
3,335,593

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3,335,593

 
27
%
$85K Max Pools
2,636,413

 
—

 
—

 
2,636,413

 
22
%
Home equity conversion mortgages
1,892,080

 
—

 
—

 
1,892,080

 
15
%
Other low loan balances
1,834,760

 
—

 
—

 
1,834,760

 
15
%
Low FICO
793,881

 
—

 
—

 
793,881

 
7
%
Seasoned (2005 and prior vintages)
324,415

 
126,221

 
214,778

 
665,414

 
5
%
Pre-pay lock-out or penalty-based
532,731

 
12,623

 
—

 
545,354

 
5
%
2006 and subsequent vintages
213,533

 
42,813

 
—

 
256,346

 
2
%
2006 and subsequent vintages - discount
187,492

 
—

 
94,962

 
282,454

 
2
%
Total
$
11,750,898

 
$
181,657

 
$
309,740

 
$
12,242,295

 
100
%
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
Agency RMBS AFS
 
Agency Derivatives
 
Total Agency RMBS
(dollars in thousands)
Fixed Rate
 
Hybrid ARMs
 
 
High LTV (predominantly MHA)
$
2,904,683

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,904,683

 
27
%
$85K Max Pools
2,262,443

 
—

 
—

 
2,262,443

 
20
%
Home equity conversion mortgages
1,906,957

 
—

 
—

 
1,906,957

 
17
%
Other low loan balances
1,720,319

 
—

 
—

 
1,720,319

 
16
%
Low FICO
781,855

 
—

 
—

 
781,855

 
7
%
Seasoned (2005 and prior vintages)
345,412

 
129,940

 
207,869

 
683,221

 
5
%
Pre-pay lock-out or penalty-based
541,495

 
13,502

 
—

 
554,997

 
4
%
2006 and subsequent vintages
200,390

 
44,987

 
—

 
245,377

 
2
%
2006 and subsequent vintages - discount
160,120

 
—

 
93,395

 
253,515

 
2
%
Total
$
10,823,674

 
$
188,429

 
$
301,264

 
$
11,313,367

 
100
%

We offset a portion of the Agency exposure to prepayment speeds through our non-Agency portfolio. Our non-Agency RMBS yields are expected to increase if prepayment rates on such assets exceed our prepayment assumptions. To the extent that prepayment speeds increase due to macroeconomic factors, we expect to benefit from the ability to recognize the income from the heavily discounted RMBS prices that principally arose from credit or payment default expectations.
The following tables provide discount information on our non-Agency RMBS portfolio:
 
As of March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
Principal and Interest Securities
 
Interest-Only Securities
 
Total
 
Senior
 
Mezzanine
 
 
Face Value
$
3,878,268

 
$
781,252

 
$
62,540

 
$
4,722,060

Unamortized discount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Designated credit reserve
(1,259,274
)
 
(117,419
)
 
—

 
(1,376,693
)
Unamortized net discount
(703,976
)
 
(210,115
)
 
(59,149
)
 
(973,240
)
Amortized Cost
$
1,915,018

 
$
453,718

 
$
3,391

 
$
2,372,127


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As of December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
Principal and Interest Securities
 
Interest-Only Securities
 
Total
 
Senior
 
Mezzanine
 
 
Face Value
$
3,685,422

 
$
753,084

 
$
65,493

 
$
4,503,999

Unamortized discount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Designated credit reserve
(1,179,811
)
 
(111,135
)
 
—

 
(1,290,946
)
Unamortized net discount
(718,101
)
 
(216,459
)
 
(61,930
)
 
(996,490
)
Amortized Cost
$
1,787,510

 
$
425,490

 
$
3,563

 
$
2,216,563


Credit losses
Although our Agency portfolio is supported by U.S. Government agency and federally chartered corporation guarantees of payment of principal and interest, we are exposed to credit risk in our non-Agency RMBS portfolio. However, the credit support built into non-Agency RMBS deal structures is designed to provide a level of protection from potential credit losses for more senior tranches. In addition, the discounted purchase prices paid on our non-Agency RMBS assets provide additional insulation from credit losses in the event we receive less than 100% of par on such assets. We evaluate credit risk on our non-Agency investments through a comprehensive asset selection process, which is predominantly focused on quantifying and pricing credit risk. We evaluate credit risk on our non-Agency investments through a comprehensive asset selection process, which is predominantly focused on quantifying and pricing credit risk, including extensive initial modeling and scenario analysis. We review on an on-going basis our non-Agency RMBS based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the risk-adjusted returns on such investments and through on-going asset surveillance. At purchase, we estimate the portion of the discount we do not expect to recover and factor that into our expected yield and accretion methodology. We may also record an other-than-temporary impairment, or OTTI, for a portion of our investment in a security to the extent we believe that the amortized cost exceeds the present value of expected future cash flows. Nevertheless, unanticipated credit losses could occur, adversely impacting our operating results.
Counterparty exposure and leverage ratio
We monitor counterparty exposure in our broker, banking and lending counterparties on a daily basis. We believe our broker and banking counterparties are well capitalized organizations and we attempt to manage our cash balances across these organizations to reduce our exposure to a single counterparty.
We had entered into repurchase agreements with 24 counterparties as of March 31, 2013, 20 of which had outstanding balances at March 31, 2013. As of March 31, 2013, we had a total consolidated debt to equity ratio of 3.4 times. As of March 31, 2013, we had $1.1 billion in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $303.8 million of unpledged Agency securities and derivatives and $766.9 million of unpledged non-Agency securities and an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on our unpledged RMBS of approximately $759.8 million. If borrowing rates and collateral requirements change in the near term, we believe we are subject to less earnings volatility than a more levered organization.

Summary of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Our reported GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders was $143.7 million ($0.47 per diluted weighted share) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to $51.8 million ($0.28 per diluted weighted share) for the three months ended March 31, 2012.
With our accounting treatment for AFS securities, unrealized fluctuations in the market values of securities do not impact our GAAP or taxable income but are recognized on our balance sheet as a change in stockholder's equity under “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” As a result of this fair value accounting through stockholder's equity, we expect our net income to have less significant fluctuations and result in less GAAP to taxable income timing differences, than if the portfolio were accounted as trading instruments. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities recognized as other comprehensive income were $104.3 million and $143.9 million, respectively, which resulted in comprehensive income of $248.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 as compared to $195.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012.
On March 18, 2013, we declared a cash dividend of $0.32 per diluted share as well as a special dividend of Silver Bay common stock, which amounted to 0.049 shares of Silver Bay common stock for each share of Two Harbors common stock owned by stockholders as of April 2, 2013. Our GAAP book value per diluted common share was $11.19 at March 31, 2013, a decrease from $11.54 book value per diluted common share at December 31, 2012.

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The following tables present the components of our comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
(in thousands, except share data)
 
Three Months Ended
Income Statement Data:
 
March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
Interest income:
 
(unaudited)
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
130,292

 
$
84,214

Trading securities
 
1,264

 
1,050

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
1,318

 
69

Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
 
1,654

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents
 
307

 
168

Total interest income
 
134,835

 
85,501

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
 
23,018

 
11,467

Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
 
818

 
—

Total interest expense
 
23,836

 
11,467

Net interest income
 
110,999

 
74,034

Other-than-temporary impairment losses
 
(236
)
 
(4,275
)
Other income:
 
 
 
 
Gain on investment securities
 
26,968

 
9,931

Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements
 
18,972

 
(16,193
)
Loss on other derivative instruments
 
(16,662
)
 
(8,903
)
Gain (loss) on mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
14,323

 
(32
)
Gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
 
6,289

 
—

Total other income (loss)
 
49,890

 
(15,197
)
Expenses:
 
 
 
 
Management fees
 
4,761

 
6,743

Securitization deal costs
 
2,028

 
—

Other operating expenses
 
6,561

 
3,550

Total expenses
 
13,350

 
10,293

Income from continuing operations before income taxes
 
147,303

 
44,269

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
4,964

 
(7,577
)
Net income from continuing operations
 
142,339

 
51,846

Income (loss) from discontinued operations
 
1,377

 
(46
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
 
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

Basic earnings per weighted average common share:
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
 
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
 
—

 
—

Net income
 
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Diluted earnings per weighted average common share:
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
 
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Discontinued operations
 
—

 
—

Net income
 
$
0.47

 
$
0.28

Dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.32

 
$
0.40

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
305,284,922

 
186,855,589

Diluted
 
306,963,711

 
186,855,589


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(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
Income Statement Data:
 
March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
(unaudited)
Comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
143,716

 
$
51,800

Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net
 
104,252

 
143,910

Other comprehensive income
 
104,252

 
143,910

Comprehensive income
 
$
247,968

 
$
195,710

(in thousands)
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31, 2012
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
$
14,963,531

 
$
13,666,954

Total assets
 
$
19,002,891

 
$
16,813,944

Repurchase agreements
 
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510

Total stockholders' equity
 
$
4,065,079

 
$
3,450,577


Results of Operations
The following analysis focuses on the results generated during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.
Interest Income and Average Portfolio Yield
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $130.3 million and $84.2 million, respectively, of interest income from our Agency and non-Agency RMBS AFS portfolio. Our RMBS AFS portfolio's average amortized cost of securities was approximately $13.3 billion and $7.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2013, resulting in an annualized net yield of approximately 3.9% and 4.7%, respectively.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $38.1 million and $23.0 million, respectively, of net premium amortization on our Agency RMBS AFS, including our interest-only securities. This resulted in an overall net asset yield of approximately 2.9% and 3.1%, respectively, excluding inverse interest-only securities which are accounted for as derivatives. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $35.3 million and $28.9 million of accretion income from the discounts on our non-Agency portfolio resulting in an overall net yield of approximately 9.2% and 9.7%, respectively. The decrease in gross and net yields across comparative periods is due primarily to the deployment of new capital in both Agency and non-Agency RMBS AFS with lower loss adjusted yields.
The following table presents the components of the net yield earned by investment type on our RMBS AFS portfolio as a percentage of our average amortized cost of securities (ratios for the periods have been annualized):
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Consolidated
 
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Consolidated
Gross Yield/Stated Coupon
4.2
 %
 
2.8
%
 
4.0
 %
 
4.8
 %
 
2.9
%
 
4.3
%
Net (Premium Amortization)/Discount Accretion
(1.3
)%
 
6.4
%
 
(0.1
)%
 
(1.7
)%
 
6.8
%
 
0.4
%
Net Yield (1)
2.9
 %
 
9.2
%
 
3.9
 %
 
3.1
 %
 
9.7
%
 
4.7
%
____________________
(1)
These yields have not been adjusted for cost of delay and cost to carry purchase premiums.


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The following table provides the components of interest income and net asset yield by investment type on our RMBS AFS portfolio:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
 
Agency
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
Average amortized cost
$
11,072,492

 
$
2,228,024

 
$
13,300,516

 
$
5,514,238

 
$
1,685,934

 
$
7,200,172

Coupon interest
117,360

 
15,734

 
133,094

 
66,179

 
12,110

 
78,289

Net (premium amortization)/discount accretion
(38,092
)
 
35,290

 
(2,802
)
 
(22,972
)
 
28,897

 
5,925

Interest income
$
79,268

 
$
51,024

 
$
130,292

 
$
43,207

 
$
41,007

 
$
84,214

Net asset yield
2.9
%
 
9.2
%
 
3.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
9.7
%
 
4.7
%

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $1.3 million and $1.0 million of interest income, respectively, associated with our trading U.S. Treasuries, or approximately 0.5% and 0.4% annualized net yield on average amortized cost. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $1.3 million and $0.1 million of interest income, respectively, associated with our mortgage loans held-for-sale, or approximately 5.7% and 4.8% annualized net yield on average carrying value. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we also recognized $1.7 million of interest income associated with our mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust, or approximately 4.1% annualized net yield on average carrying value.
Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $21.6 million and $10.6 million, respectively, in interest expense on our borrowed funds collateralized by RMBS AFS. For the same three month periods, our average outstanding balance under repurchase agreements to fund RMBS AFS was approximately $12.0 billion and $6.2 billion, respectively, an increase from first quarter 2012 due to our increased capital base. The average cost of funds, excluding interest spread expense associated with interest rate swaps, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, was 0.7% for both periods.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $1.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of interest expense associated with the financing of our U.S. Treasuries and Agency inverse interest-only derivatives, or an average cost of funds of approximately 0.4% and 0.3%. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $0.2 million and $42,406, respectively, of interest expense associated with the financing of our mortgage loans held-for-sale, or an average cost of funds of approximately 2.4% and 3.2%. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we also recognized $0.8 million of interest expense associated with the financing of our mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust, or an average cost of funds of approximately 2.2%. The additional funds borrowed during the three months ended March 31, 2013, resulted in a total consolidated debt-to-equity ratio of 3.4:1.0.
Net Interest Income
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, net interest income on our RMBS AFS portfolio was $108.6 million and $73.6 million, respectively, resulting in a net interest spread of approximately 3.2% and 4.0%, respectively. The decrease in net interest spread across comparative periods is due primarily to the deployment of new capital in both Agency and non-Agency RMBS AFS with lower loss adjusted yields and tighter spreads.

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The following table provides the interest income and expense incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
Agency(1)
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
 
Agency(1)
 
Non-Agency
 
Total
Average available-for-sale securities held (2)
$
11,072,492

 
$
2,228,024

 
$
13,300,516

 
$
5,514,238

 
$
1,685,934

 
$
7,200,172

Total interest income
$
79,268

 
$
51,024

 
$
130,292

 
$
43,207

 
$
41,007

 
$
84,214

Yield on average investment securities
2.9
%
 
9.2
%
 
3.9
%
 
3.1
%
 
9.7
%
 
4.7
%
Average balance of repurchase agreements
$
10,728,233

 
$
1,294,596

 
$
12,022,829

 
$
5,363,466

 
$
883,183

 
$
6,246,649

Total interest expense (3) (4)
$
13,830

 
$
7,815

 
$
21,645

 
$
5,544

 
$
5,105

 
$
10,649

Average cost of funds (4)
0.5
%
 
2.4
%
 
0.7
%
 
0.4
%
 
2.3
%
 
0.7
%
Net interest income
$
65,438

 
$
43,209

 
$
108,647

 
$
37,663

 
$
35,902

 
$
73,565

Net interest rate spread
2.4
%
 
6.8
%
 
3.2
%
 
2.7
%
 
7.4
%
 
4.0
%
____________________
(1)
Excludes inverse interest-only securities which are classified as derivatives under U.S. GAAP. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, our average annualized yield on our Agency RMBS, including inverse interest-only securities, was 2.9% and 3.5%, respectively.
(2)
Excludes change in realized and unrealized gains/(losses).
(3)
Cost of funds by investment type is based on the underlying investment type of the RMBS AFS assigned as collateral.
(4)
Cost of funds does not include the accrual and settlement of interest associated with interest rate swaps. In accordance with GAAP, those costs are included in loss on interest rate swap and swaption agreements in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, our average cost of funds, including interest spread expense associated with interest rate swaps and including inverse interest-only securities (see footnote 1 above), was 1.1% and 1.0%, respectively.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
We review each of our securities on a quarterly basis to determine if an OTTI charge is necessary. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $0.2 million and $4.3 million of OTTI losses, respectively. The decrease in OTTI during the three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, was generally driven by recovery in the non-Agency market from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013. For further information about evaluating AFS securities for other-than-temporary impairments, refer to Note 5 - Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Gain on Investment Securities
During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we sold AFS securities for $796.6 million and $170.1 million with an amortized cost of $777.7 million and $159.0 million, for a net realized gain of $18.9 million and $11.1 million, respectively. We did not sell any U.S. Treasuries during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. We do not expect to sell assets on a frequent basis, but may sell assets to reallocate capital into new assets that our management believes have higher risk-adjusted returns.
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, trading securities experienced unrealized gains of $17,133 and unrealized losses of $1.2 million, respectively. Also included in gain on investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2013, are unrealized gains of $7.8 million experienced on Silver Bay common stock, as well as $0.2 million in dividend income from Silver Bay's $0.01 per share dividend declared on March 21, 2013.
On March 18, 2013, the Company declared a special dividend pursuant to which the 17,824,647 shares of Silver Bay common stock would be distributed, on a pro rata basis, to Two Harbors stockholders of record at the close of business on April 2, 2013. As a result, the unrealized gain of $7.8 million included in gain on investment securities on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013, represents the change in unrealized gain for the period from December 31, 2012, to declaration date, March 18, 2013. The remaining change in unrealized gain for the period from March 18, 2013 to March 31, 2013, was recognized as an adjustment to the dividend payable at March 31, 2013.
Gain (Loss) on Interest Rate Swap and Swaption Agreements
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $14.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of expenses for the accrual and/or settlement of the net interest expense associated with our interest rate swaps. The expenses result from generally paying a fixed interest rate on an average $14.9 billion and $6.4 billion notional, respectively, to hedge a portion of our interest rate risk on our short-term repurchase agreements, funding costs, and macro-financing risk and generally receiving LIBOR interest.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we terminated, had agreements mature or had options expire on 69 and 11 interest rate swap and swaption positions of $8.2 billion notional and $925.0 million notional, respectively. Upon settlement of the early terminations and option expirations, we paid $17.2 million and $0.5 million in full settlement of our net interest spread liability and recognized $58.7 million and $11.3 million in realized losses on the swaps and swaptions, respectively, including early termination penalties. We elected to terminate certain swaps to reduce our cost of financing and align with our investment portfolio.
Also included in our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, was the recognition of a change in unrealized valuation gains of $91.7 million and losses of $0.2 million, respectively, on our interest rate swap and swaption agreements that were accounted for as trading instruments. The realization of losses on interest rates swaps unwound and subsequent resetting of interest rate swaps at more favorable rates during the three months ended March 31, 2013, resulted in favorable market value movement over the three-month period. Since these swaps and swaptions are used for purposes of hedging our interest rate exposure, their unrealized valuation gains are generally offset by unrealized losses in our Agency RMBS AFS portfolio, which are recorded directly to stockholders' equity through other comprehensive income.
The following table provides the net interest spread and gains and losses associated with our interest rate swap and swaption positions:
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Net interest spread
$
(14,016
)
 
$
(4,716
)
Early termination and option expiration losses
(58,692
)
 
(11,265
)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements, at fair value
91,680

 
(212
)
Gain (loss) on interest rate swap and swaption agreements
$
18,972

 
$
(16,193
)

Loss on Other Derivative Instruments
Included in our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, was the recognition of $16.7 million and $8.9 million of losses, respectively, on other derivative instruments we hold for purposes of both hedging and non-hedging activities, principally credit default swaps, TBAs and inverse interest-only securities. Included within the results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $4.4 million and $6.7 million of interest income, net of accretion on inverse interest-only securities on an average amortized cost basis of $283.6 million and $185.8 million, respectively. The remainder represented realized and unrealized net gains (losses) on other derivative instruments. As these derivative instruments are considered trading instruments, our financial results include both realized and unrealized gains (losses) associated with these instruments.
Gain (Loss) on Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recorded a gain on mortgage loans held-for-sale of $14.3 million and a loss on mortgage loans held-for-sale of $31,799, respectively. Included within the results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $14.0 million of gains and $44,483 of losses on mortgage loans held-for-sale and $0.3 million and $12,684 of gains on commitments to purchase and/or sell mortgage loans held-for-sale, respectively.
Gain on Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment and Collateralized Borrowings in Securitization Trust
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recorded a gain on mortgage loans held-for-investment and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust of $6.3 million, which includes $8.0 million in unrealized losses on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and $14.3 million in unrealized gains on collateralized borrowings in securitization trust.
Management Fees
We incurred management fees of $9.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, which are payable to PRCM Advisers, our external manager, under our management agreement. The management fee is calculated based on our stockholders' equity with certain adjustments outlined in the management agreement. However, these fees were reduced by $4.3 million on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2013, in accordance with the contribution transaction entered into with Silver Bay. See further discussion of this adjustment in Note 21 - Related Party Transactions of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Securitization Deal Costs
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we recognized $2.0 million in upfront costs related to the subordinated debt and excess servicing rights acquired from a securitization trust issued by a third party, which was paid upon settlement of the acquisition. These costs are included when evaluating the economics of a securitization; however, the election of the fair value option for the assets and liabilities held in the securitization trust requires the expense to be recognized upfront on the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Other Operating Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized $6.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of other operating expenses, which represents an annualized expense ratio of 0.7% and 0.8% of average equity. The favorable decrease of our operating expense ratio resulted primarily from the additional capital raised upon completion of our public common stock offering. See Note 17 - Stockholders' Equity of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Included in other operating expenses are direct and allocated costs incurred by PRCM Advisers on our behalf and reimbursed by us. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, these direct and allocated costs totaled approximately $1.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Included in these reimbursed costs was compensation paid to our executive officers, including our principal financial officer and general counsel of $0.1 million for both three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. The allocation of compensation paid to our principal financial officer and general counsel is based on time spent overseeing our company's activities in accordance with the management agreement.
In April 2012, we established an accounts payable function and direct relationships with the majority of our third party vendors. We will continue to have certain costs allocated to us by PRCM Advisers for compensation, data services and proprietary technology, but most of our expenses with third party vendors are paid directly by us.
Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we recognized a provision for income taxes of $5.0 million and a benefit from income taxes of $7.6 million, respectively. We currently intend to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income and comply with all requirements to continue to qualify as a REIT.

Financial Condition
Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value
Agency RMBS
Our Agency RMBS AFS portfolio is comprised of adjustable rate and fixed rate mortgage-backed securities backed by single-family and multi-family mortgage loans. All of our principal and interest Agency RMBS AFS were Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through certificates or collateralized mortgage obligations that carry an implied “AAA” rating, or Ginnie Mae mortgage pass-through certificates, which are backed by the guarantee of the U.S. Government. The majority of these securities consist of whole pools in which we own all of the investment interests in the securities.
The tables below summarize certain characteristics of our Agency RMBS AFS securities at March 31, 2013:
 
March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands, except purchase price)
Principal/Current Face
 
Net (Discount)/ Premium
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Gain
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Carrying Value
 
Weighted Average Coupon Rate
 
Weighted Average Purchase Price
Principal and interest securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed
$
10,642,141

 
$
767,080

 
$
11,409,221

 
$
210,220

 
$
(73,707
)
 
$
11,545,734

 
4.05
%
 
$
107.85

Hybrid/ARM
168,301

 
8,746

 
177,047

 
4,682

 
(72
)
 
181,657

 
3.82
%
 
$
106.39

Total P&I Securities
10,810,442

 
775,826

 
11,586,268

 
214,902

 
(73,779
)
 
11,727,391

 
4.05
%
 
$
107.83

Interest-only securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed
698,202

 
(627,057
)
 
71,145

 
2,688

 
(5,451
)
 
68,382

 
4.37
%
 
$
13.81

Fixed Other (1)
1,669,219

 
(1,535,938
)
 
133,281

 
7,087

 
(3,586
)
 
136,782

 
1.68
%
 
$
9.20

Total
$
13,177,863

 
$
(1,387,169
)
 
$
11,790,694

 
$
224,677

 
$
(82,816
)
 
$
11,932,555

 
 
 
 
____________________
(1) Fixed Other represent weighted-average coupon interest-only securities that are not generally used for our interest-rate risk management purposes. These securities pay variable coupon interest based on the weighted average of the fixed rates of the underlying loans of the security, less the weighted average rates of the applicable issued principal and interest securities.


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Our three-month average constant prepayment rate, or CPR, experienced by Agency RMBS AFS owned by us as of March 31, 2013, on an annualized basis, was 6.4%.
The following table summarizes the number of months until the next re-set for our floating or adjustable rate Agency RMBS AFS mortgage portfolio at March 31, 2013:
(in thousands)
 Carrying Value
0-12 months
$
172,267

13-36 months
4,012

37-60 months
5,378

Greater than 60 months
—

Total
$
181,657


Non-Agency RMBS
Our non-Agency RMBS portfolio is comprised of senior and mezzanine tranches of mortgage-backed securities. The following tables provide investment information on our non-Agency RMBS as of March 31, 2013:
 
As of March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
Principal/current face
 
Accretable purchase discount
 
Credit reserve purchase discount
 
Amortized cost
 
Unrealized gain
 
Unrealized loss
 
Carrying value
Principal and interest securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior
$
3,878,268

 
$
(703,976
)
 
$
(1,259,274
)
 
$
1,915,018

 
$
538,792

 
$
(2,997
)
 
$
2,450,813

Mezzanine
781,252

 
(210,115
)
 
(117,419
)
 
453,718

 
125,143

 
(2,656
)
 
576,205

Total P&I Securities
4,659,520

 
(914,091
)
 
(1,376,693
)
 
2,368,736

 
663,935

 
(5,653
)
 
3,027,018

Interest-only securities
62,540

 
(59,149
)
 
—

 
3,391

 
567

 
—

 
3,958

Total
$
4,722,060

 
$
(973,240
)
 
$
(1,376,693
)
 
$
2,372,127

 
$
664,502

 
$
(5,653
)
 
$
3,030,976


The majority of our non-Agency RMBS were rated at March 31, 2013. Note that credit ratings are based on the par value of the non-Agency RMBS, whereas the distressed non-Agency RMBS assets in our portfolio were acquired at a heavily discounted price. The following table summarizes the credit ratings of our non-Agency RMBS portfolio as of March 31, 2013:
 
March 31,
2013
AAA
—
%
AA
—
%
A
—
%
BBB
0.8
%
BB
2.3
%
B
9.5
%
Below B
82.8
%
Not rated
4.6
%
Total
100.0
%

Our non-Agency RMBS portfolio has increased approximately 1.5 times since March 31, 2012. However, our allocation of non-Agency RMBS to subprime securities has increased only slightly from 83.6% at March 31, 2012 to 86.8% at March 31, 2013. As a result, our designated credit reserve as a percentage of total discount and total face value has remained relatively constant (as disclosed in Note 3 - Available-for-Sale Securities, at Fair Value of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements). When focused on principal and interest securities, from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013, our designated credit reserve as a percentage of total discount increased minimally from 59.7% to 60.1% and our designated credit reserve as a percentage of total face value decreased slightly from 30.8% to 29.2%. As our allocation of non-Agency RMBS to

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subprime securities has remained relatively stable over the period from March 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013, we believe these comparable portfolio metrics are reflective of our consistent investment profile, regardless of portfolio growth.
A subprime bond may generally be considered higher risk; however, if purchased at a discount that reflects a high expectation of credit losses, it could be viewed less risky than a prime bond, which is subject to unanticipated credit loss performance. Accordingly, we believe our risk profile in owning a heavily discounted subprime bond with known delinquencies affords us the ability to assume a higher percentage of expected credit loss with comparable risk-adjusted returns to a less discounted prime bond with a lower percentage of expected credit loss.
The following tables present certain information detailed by investment type and their respective underlying loan characteristics for our senior and mezzanine non-Agency RMBS, excluding our non-Agency interest-only portfolio, at March 31, 2013:
 
At March 31, 2013
Non-Agency Principal and Interest (P&I) RMBS Characteristics
Senior Bonds
 
Mezzanine Bonds
 
Total P&I Bonds
Carrying Value (in thousands)
$
2,450,813

 
$
576,205

 
$
3,027,018

% of Non-Agency Portfolio
81.0
%
 
19.0
%
 
100.0
%
Average Purchase Price (1)
$
51.05

 
$
57.35

 
$
52.25

Average Coupon
1.8
%
 
1.3
%
 
1.7
%
Average Fixed Coupon
5.5
%
 
5.7
%
 
5.4
%
Average Floating Coupon
1.1
%
 
1.1
%
 
1.1
%
Average Hybrid Coupon
4.4
%
 
2.6
%
 
4.4
%
Collateral Attributes
 
 
 
 
 
Avg Loan Age (months)
78

 
98

 
82

Avg Loan Size (in thousands)
$
249

 
$
182

 
$
236

Avg Original Loan-to-Value
77.1
%
 
76.2
%
 
77.0
%
Avg Original FICO (2)
632

 
634

 
632

Current Performance
 
 
 
 
 
60+ day delinquencies
36.8
%
 
31.3
%
 
35.7
%
Average Credit Enhancement (3)
13.2
%
 
30.0
%
 
16.4
%
3-Month CPR (4)
2.4
%
 
3.4
%
 
2.6
%
____________________
(1)
Average purchase price utilized carrying value for weighting purposes. If current face were utilized for weighting purposes, the average purchase price for senior, mezzanine, and total non-Agency RMBS, excluding our non-Agency interest-only portfolio, would be $47.23, $55.18, and $48.56, respectively, at March 31, 2013.
(2)
FICO represents a mortgage industry accepted credit score of a borrower, which was developed by Fair Isaac Corporation.
(3)
Average credit enhancement remaining on our non-Agency RMBS portfolio, which is the average amount of protection available to absorb future credit losses due to defaults on the underlying collateral.
(4)
Three-month CPR is reflective of the prepayment speed on the underlying securitization; however, it does not necessarily indicate the proceeds received on our investment tranche. Proceeds received for each security are dependent on the position of the individual security within the structure of each deal.
Non-Agency RMBS Characteristics
March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Senior Bonds
 
Mezzanine Bonds
 
Total Bonds
Loan Type
Carrying Value
 
% of Senior Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Mezzanine Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Non-Agency Portfolio
Prime
$
53,303

 
2.2
%
 
$
5,655

 
1.0
%
 
$
58,958

 
1.9
%
Alt-A
98,135

 
4.0
%
 
25,239

 
4.4
%
 
123,374

 
4.1
%
POA
208,976

 
8.5
%
 
9,764

 
1.7
%
 
218,740

 
7.2
%
Subprime
2,090,399

 
85.3
%
 
535,547

 
92.9
%
 
2,625,946

 
86.8
%
 
$
2,450,813

 
100.0
%
 
$
576,205

 
100.0
%
 
$
3,027,018

 
100.0
%

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Non-Agency RMBS Characteristics
March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Senior Bonds
 
Mezzanine Bonds
 
Total Bonds
Coupon Type
Carrying Value
 
% of Senior Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Mezzanine Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Non-Agency Portfolio
Fixed Rate
$
397,283

 
16.2
%
 
$
20,229

 
3.5
%
 
$
417,512

 
13.8
%
Hybrid or Floating
2,053,530

 
83.8
%
 
555,976

 
96.5
%
 
2,609,506

 
86.2
%
 
$
2,450,813

 
100.0
%
 
$
576,205

 
100.0
%
 
$
3,027,018

 
100.0
%
Non-Agency RMBS Characteristics
March 31, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Senior Bonds
 
Mezzanine Bonds
 
Total Bonds
Loan Origination Year
Carrying Value
 
% of Senior Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Mezzanine Bonds
 
Carrying Value
 
% of Non-Agency Portfolio
2006+
$
1,907,545

 
77.8
%
 
$
40,619

 
7.1
%
 
$
1,948,164

 
64.4
%
2002-2005
539,534

 
22.0
%
 
528,622

 
91.7
%
 
1,068,156

 
35.3
%
Pre-2002
3,734

 
0.2
%
 
6,964

 
1.2
%
 
10,698

 
0.3
%
 
$
2,450,813

 
100.0
%
 
$
576,205

 
100.0
%
 
$
3,027,018

 
100.0
%

Trading Securities, at Fair Value
We hold U.S. Treasuries in a taxable REIT subsidiary and classify these securities as trading instruments due to short-term investment objectives. As of March 31, 2013, we held U.S. Treasuries with an amortized cost of $1.0 billion and a fair value of $1.0 billion classified as trading securities. The unrealized gains included within trading securities were $5.1 million as of March 31, 2013.
Equity Securities, at Fair Value
Equity securities consists of shares of Silver Bay common stock carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. In exchange for the contribution of our equity interests in the wholly owned subsidiary, Two Harbors Property Investment LLC, to Silver Bay on December 19, 2012, we received 17,824,647 shares of common stock of Silver Bay at the initial public offering price of $18.50. As of March 31, 2013, the equity securities had an initial carrying value of $329.8 million and a fair value of $369.0 million. The unrealized gains included within equity securities were $39.2 million as of March 31, 2013.
Mortgage Loans Held-for-Sale, at Fair Value
In late 2011, we began acquiring prime nonconforming residential mortgage loans from select mortgage loan originators and secondary market institutions with whom we have chosen to build strategic relationships, including those with a nationwide presence. As of March 31, 2013, we held prime nonconforming residential mortgage loans with a carrying value of $69.2 million and have outstanding purchase commitments to acquire an additional $8.7 million. Our intention in the future is to securitize these loans and/or exit through a whole loan sale.
In early 2013, we began acquiring credit sensitive loans, or CSLs, which are loans that are currently performing, but where the borrower has previously experienced payment delinquencies and is more likely to be underwater (i.e., the amount owed on a mortgage loan exceeds the current market value of the home). As a result, there is a higher probability of default than on newly originated mortgage loans. As of March 31, 2013, we had acquired credit sensitive residential mortgage loans with a carrying value of $123.2 million. Our intention in the future is to either securitize these loans or hold them in an alternative financing structure.
The following table presents our mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio by loan type as of March 31, 2013:
 
March 31, 2013
(in thousands)
Unpaid Principal Balance
 
Fair Value - Purchase Price
 
Fair Value - Unrealized
 
Carrying Value
Prime nonconforming residential mortgage loans
$
66,976

 
$
2,004

 
$
202

 
$
69,182

Credit sensitive residential mortgage loans
161,864

 
(52,552
)
 
13,923

 
123,235

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
$
228,840

 
$
(50,548
)
 
$
14,125

 
$
192,417


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Mortgage Loans Held-for-Investment in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The underlying residential mortgage loans held at the trust, which are consolidated on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, are classified as mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust and carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding consolidation of the securitization trust. As of March 31, 2013 the mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust had a carrying value of $434.1 million.
Repurchase Agreements
Our borrowings consist primarily of repurchase agreements collateralized by our pledge of AFS and trading securities, derivative instruments, mortgage loans and certain cash balances. Substantially all of our Agency RMBS AFS are currently pledged as collateral, and the majority of our non-Agency RMBS have been pledged. As of March 31, 2013, our debt-to-equity ratio was 3.4:1.0, including the debt collateralized by our U.S. Treasuries, residential mortgage loans and Agency derivatives. Our debt-to-equity ratio for RMBS, mortgage loans held-for-sale and Agency derivatives only was 3.1:1.0. We believe our debt-to-equity ratio provides unused borrowing capacity and, thus, improves our liquidity and the strength of our balance sheet.
As of March 31, 2013, the term to maturity of our borrowings ranged from two days to over 39 months. The weighted average original term to maturity of our borrowings collateralized by RMBS and mortgage loans was 82 days at March 31, 2013. At March 31, 2013, the weighted average cost of funds for all our repurchase agreements was 0.66%.
(dollars in thousands)
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Collateral Type
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
 
Weighted Average Haircut on Collateral Value
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Borrowing Rate
 
Weighted Average Haircut on Collateral Value
U.S. Treasuries
 
$
1,005,000

 
0.23
%
 
0.3
%
 
$
997,500

 
0.30
%
 
0.5
%
Agency RMBS AFS
 
10,897,155

 
0.49
%
 
5.4
%
 
10,171,385

 
0.54
%
 
5.6
%
Non-Agency RMBS
 
1,289,846

 
2.35
%
 
34.6
%
 
1,177,675

 
2.50
%
 
35.5
%
Agency derivatives
 
229,488

 
1.10
%
 
26.8
%
 
228,241

 
1.16
%
 
26.5
%
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
 
23,076

 
2.45
%
 
13.0
%
 
49,709

 
2.46
%
 
10.8
%
Total
 
$
13,444,565

 
0.66
%
 
8.2
%
 
$
12,624,510

 
0.72
%
 
8.4
%


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The following table provides the quarterly average balances, the quarter-end balances, and the maximum balances at any month-end within that quarterly period, of repurchase agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2013, and the four immediately preceding quarters:
(dollars in thousands)
Quarterly Average Repurchase Balances (1)
 
End of Period Balance Repurchase Agreements (1)
 
Maximum Balance of Any Month-End for Repurchase Agreements (1)
 
Repurchase Agreements to Equity Ratio
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
$
12,287,326

 
$
12,439,565

 
$
12,460,525

 
3.1
:1.0
(2)
For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2012
$
12,725,330

 
$
11,627,010

 
$
13,073,597

 
3.4
:1.0
(3)
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
$
11,271,401

 
$
13,036,827

 
$
13,036,827

 
3.8
:1.0
(4)
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
$
8,526,166

 
$
9,440,941

 
$
9,440,941

 
4.3
:1.0
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
$
6,390,647

 
$
7,692,506

 
$
7,692,506

 
3.7
:1.0
(5)
____________________
(1)
Includes repurchase agreements collateralized by RMBS AFS, residential mortgage loans held-for-sale and Agency derivatives and excludes repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasuries and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust.
(2)
On March 22, 2013, we completed a capital raise of approximately $762.9 million in net proceeds. Due to the timing of the capital raise within the quarter, the net proceeds were only partially invested, on a leveraged basis, as of March 31, 2013. With a higher targeted allocation to non-Agency RMBS for additional capital, we targeted a fully deployed debt-to-equity ratio of 4.0:1.0 to 4.5:1.0.
(3)
During the three months ended December 31, 2012, we sold Agency RMBS with an amortized cost of $3.1 billion. Due to higher Agency RMBS valuation and inherently tighter spreads during the quarter, we chose to delay deployment of a portion of these proceeds and reduce leverage in order to protect stockholders' equity from a near term widening of spreads in the marketplace. However, we continue to target an overall debt-to-equity ratio of 4.0:1.0 to 4.5:1.0.
(4)
In September 2012, warrantholders exercised 16.2 million shares generating proceeds of $175.7 million, which were invested on a leveraged basis. With a higher targeted allocation to Agency RMBS and residential properties for additional capital, we targeted a fully deployed debt-to-equity ratio of 4.0:1.0 to 4.5:1.0.
(5)
On January 17, 2012 and February 24, 2012, we completed capital raises of approximately $354.5 million and $337.4 million, respectively in net proceeds, which were invested on a leveraged basis. With a higher targeted allocation to non-Agency RMBS for additional capital, we targeted a fully deployed debt-to-equity ratio of 4.0:1.0 to 4.5:1.0.

Collateralized Borrowings in Securitization Trust, at Fair Value
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we purchased subordinated debt and excess servicing rights from a securitization trust issued by a third party. The underlying debt held at the trust, which is consolidated on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet, is classified as collateralized borrowings in securitization trust and carried at fair value as a result of a fair value option election. See Note 3 - Variable Interest Entities to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding consolidation of the securitization trust. As of March 31, 2013, the collateralized borrowings in securitization trust had a carrying value of $397.2 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.2%. The stated maturity dates for all collateralized borrowings are greater than five years from March 31, 2013.

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Equity
As of March 31, 2013, our stockholders' equity was $4.1 billion and our diluted book value per share was $11.19. As of December 31, 2012, our stockholders' equity was $3.5 billion and our diluted book value per share was $11.54.
The following table provides details of our changes in stockholders' equity from December 31, 2012 to March 31, 2013:
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Book Value
 
Common Shares Outstanding (Diluted Basis)
 
Book Value Per Common Share (Diluted Basis)
Stockholders' equity at December 31, 2012 - basic
$
3,450.6

 
298.8

 
$
11.55

GAAP net income:
 
 
 
 
 
Core Earnings, net of tax benefit of $0.9 million (1)
89.7

 
 
 
 
Realized gains and losses, net of tax benefit of $4.3 million
(49.8
)
 
 
 
 
Unrealized mark-to-market losses, net of tax expense of $10.2 million
102.4

 
 
 
 
Discontinued operations
1.4

 
 
 
 
Total GAAP net income
143.7

 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
104.3

 
 
 
 
Dividend declaration
(460.3
)
 
 
 
 
Other
—

 
 
 
 
Balance before capital transactions
3,238.3

 
298.8

 


Net proceeds from issuance of common stock
763.0

 
57.5

 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock through warrant exercise
63.8

 
5.8

 
 
Stockholders' equity at March 31, 2013 - basic
4,065.1

 
362.1

 
11.23

Warrants outstanding (2)
—

 
1.0

 
(0.04
)
Stockholders' equity at March 31, 2013 - diluted
$
4,065.1

 
363.1

 
$
11.19

____________________
(1)
Core Earnings is a non-GAAP measure that we define as net income, excluding impairment losses, gains or losses on sales of securities and termination of interest rate swaps, unrealized gains or losses on trading securities, interest rate swaps and swaptions, certain gains or losses on other derivative instruments, certain non-recurring gains and losses related to discontinued operations, and certain non-recurring upfront costs related to securitization transactions. As defined, Core Earnings includes interest income associated with our inverse interest-only securities, or Agency derivatives, and premium income or loss on credit default swaps. Core Earnings is provided for purposes of comparability to other peer issuers.
(2)
Using the treasury stock method, 1.0 million shares would be considered outstanding and dilutive to book value per share at March 31, 2013.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our liquidity and capital resources are managed and forecast on a daily basis to ensure that we have sufficient liquidity to absorb market events that could negatively impact collateral valuations and result in margin calls and to ensure that we have the flexibility to manage our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities.
Our principal sources of cash consist of borrowings under repurchase agreements, payments of principal and interest we receive on our RMBS portfolio, cash generated from our operating results, and proceeds from capital market transactions. We typically use cash to repay principal and interest on our repurchase agreements, to purchase our target assets, to make dividend payments on our capital stock, and to fund our operations.
To the extent that we raise additional equity capital through capital market transactions, we anticipate using cash proceeds from such transactions to purchase additional RMBS, mortgage loans, and other target assets and for other general corporate purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to raise additional equity capital at any particular time or on any particular terms.
As of March 31, 2013, we held $1.1 billion in cash and cash equivalents available to support our operations, $17.5 billion of AFS, trading securities, equity securities, mortgage loans held-for-sale, mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust, and derivative assets held at fair value, and $13.8 billion of outstanding debt in the form of repurchase agreements and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust (excludes $291.5 million in payables to broker counterparties for unsettled security purchases). During the three months ended March 31, 2013, our debt-to-equity ratio decreased from 3.7:1.0 to 3.4:1.0, including monies borrowed to finance our investment in U.S. Treasuries and collateralized borrowings in securitization trust.

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The debt-to-equity ratio funding our RMBS AFS, mortgage loans held-for-sale, and Agency derivatives decreased from 3.4:1.0 to 3.1:1.0 as we continued to deploy proceeds from our stock offering and warrant exercises. We believe the debt-to-equity ratio funding our RMBS AFS, mortgage loans held-for-sale and Agency derivatives is the most meaningful debt-to-equity measure as U.S. Treasuries are viewed to be highly liquid in nature and collateralized borrowings on mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust represents term financing with no stated maturity.
As of March 31, 2013, we had approximately $303.8 million of unpledged Agency RMBS AFS and Agency derivatives and $766.9 million of unpledged non-Agency securities and an overall estimated unused borrowing capacity on unpledged RMBS of approximately $759.8 million. On a daily basis, we monitor and forecast our available, or excess, liquidity. Additionally, we frequently perform shock analyses against various market events to monitor the adequacy of our excess liquidity. If borrowing rates and collateral requirements change in the near term, we believe we are subject to less earnings volatility than a more leveraged organization.
We have not experienced any restrictions to our funding sources to date and have generally experienced an increase in available financing in the RMBS marketplace, including repurchase agreements with maturities greater than one year. We expect ongoing sources of financing to be primarily repurchase agreements and similar financing arrangements. We plan to finance our assets with a moderate amount of leverage, the level of which may vary based upon the particular characteristics of our portfolio and market conditions. We may deploy, on a debt-to-equity basis, up to ten times leverage on our Agency RMBS assets. We also deploy some leverage on our non-Agency RMBS assets utilizing repurchase agreements as the source of financing.
As of March 31, 2013, we have master repurchase agreements in place with 24 counterparties, the majority of which are U.S. domiciled financial institutions, and we continue to evaluate further counterparties to manage and reduce counterparty risk. Under our repurchase agreements, we are required to pledge additional assets as collateral to our counterparties (lenders) when the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral under such agreements declines and such lenders, through a margin call, demand additional collateral. Lenders generally make margin calls because of a perceived decline in the value of our assets collateralizing the repurchase agreements. This may occur following the monthly principal reduction of assets due to scheduled amortization and prepayments on the underlying mortgages, or may be caused by changes in market interest rates, a perceived decline in the market value of the investments and other market factors. To cover a margin call, we may pledge additional securities or cash. At maturity, any cash on deposit as collateral is generally applied against the repurchase agreement balance, thereby reducing the amount borrowed. Should the value of our assets suddenly decrease, significant margin calls on our repurchase agreements could result, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position.
As of March 31, 2013, a number of our counterparties had been downgraded by ratings agencies, specifically Moody's. As these downgrades were expected, we believe the markets had been well prepared for these decisions. We have not experienced any significant changes to repurchase agreement terms or related financing costs, or made any significant changes to our counterparty exposures as a result of the downgrades.
The following table summarizes our repurchase agreements and counterparty geographical concentration at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
Amount Outstanding
 
Net Counterparty Exposure(1)
 
Percent of Funding
 
Amount Outstanding
 
Net Counterparty Exposure(1)
 
Percent of Funding
North America
$
7,645,120

 
$
807,929

 
50.9
%
 
$
7,550,085

 
$
958,119

 
57.4
%
Europe (2)
3,652,737

 
667,452

 
42.1
%
 
3,032,331

 
593,184

 
35.6
%
Asia (2)
2,146,708

 
111,129

 
7.0
%
 
2,042,094

 
116,245

 
7.0
%
Total
$
13,444,565

 
$
1,586,510

 
100.0
%
 
$
12,624,510

 
$
1,667,548

 
100.0
%
____________________
(1)
Represents the net carrying value of the securities or mortgage loans sold under agreements to repurchase, including accrued interest plus any cash or assets on deposit to secure the repurchase obligation, less the amount of the repurchase liability, including accrued interest. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had $291.5 million and $291.7 million, respectively, in payables due to broker counterparties for unsettled security purchases. The payables are not included in the amounts presented above.
(2)
Exposure to European and Asian domiciled banks and their U.S. subsidiaries.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, we continued to maintain our repurchase agreement with Wells Fargo Bank. The repurchase agreement serves as a repurchase facility used from time to time to finance certain of our non-Agency securities held in our RMBS portfolio with Wells Fargo. As of March 31, 2013, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Wells Fargo repurchase agreement. As a result, our unused, uncommitted capacity was equal to our maximum borrowing capacity of $150.0 million. The facility is set to mature on July 23, 2013.

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Once an RMBS is financed by Wells Fargo in accordance with the repurchase agreement, the financing is committed for the duration of the facility subject to similar pledged collateral and margin requirements as a standard repurchase agreement discussed above. As part of the repurchase agreement, we are subject to certain financial covenants, which we monitor and comply with on a daily basis. The extended duration of the facility and its terms provide an additional source to manage our liquidity and interest rate risk.
We also maintained our repurchase agreement with Barclays, which serves as a mortgage loan warehouse facility. This uncommitted facility provides an aggregate maximum borrowing capacity of $100.0 million and is set to mature on May 14, 2013, unless extended pursuant to its terms. As of March 31, 2013, borrowings under the uncommitted facility were $23.1 million and unused capacity was $76.9 million. The facility is collateralized by eligible mortgage loans held-for-sale, which are subject to margin call provisions that provide Barclays with certain rights when there has been a decline in the market value of the purchased mortgage loans.
We are subject to the following financial covenants under the Wells Fargo and Barclays repurchase agreements, as further detailed by the guaranty agreements we entered into in connection with the repurchase agreements. The following represents the most restrictive covenant calculations as of March 31, 2013 across both agreements:
(a)
As of the last business day of each calendar quarter, Total Indebtedness to Net Worth must be less than the specified Threshold Ratio in the Repurchase Agreement. As of March 31, 2013, our debt to net worth, as defined, was 3.3:1.0 while our threshold ratio, as defined, was 6.2:1.0.
(b)
As of the last business day of each calendar quarter, Liquidity must be greater than $55 million and the aggregate amount of Unrestricted Cash or Cash Equivalents must be greater than $35 million. As of March 31, 2013, our liquidity, as defined, was $1.1 billion and our total unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, as defined, was $928.4 million.
(c)
As of the last business day of each calendar quarter, Net Worth must be greater than $1 billion. As of March 31, 2013, our net worth, as defined, was $4.1 billion.
We are also subject to financial covenants in connection with various other repurchase agreements we enter into in the normal course of our business. We intend to continue to operate in a manner which complies with all of our financial covenants.
The following table summarizes assets at carrying value that are pledged or restricted as collateral for the future payment obligations of repurchase agreements.
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value
$
13,619,731

 
$
12,810,355

Trading securities, at fair value
1,002,414

 
1,002,062

Mortgage loans held-for-sale
25,909

 
52,529

Cash and cash equivalents
15,000

 
10,000

Restricted cash
129,148

 
84,307

Due from counterparties
13,351

 
36,917

Derivative assets, at fair value
291,295

 
291,054

Total
$
15,096,848

 
$
14,287,224


Although we generally intend to hold our target assets as long-term investments, we may sell certain of our investment securities in order to manage our interest rate risk and liquidity needs, to meet other operating objectives and to adapt to market conditions. We cannot predict the timing and impact of future sales of investment securities, if any. Because many of our investment securities are financed with repurchase agreements and may be financed with credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), a significant portion of the proceeds from sales of our investment securities (if any), prepayments and scheduled amortization are used to repay balances under these financing sources.

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The following table provides the maturities of our repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
(in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
Within 30 days
$
2,014,206

 
$
3,038,229

30 to 59 days (1)
4,355,947

 
3,528,393

60 to 89 days
2,501,381

 
1,731,595

90 to 119 days
2,570,014

 
849,621

120 to 364 days
798,017

 
2,279,172

Open maturity (2)
1,005,000

 
997,500

One year and over (3)
200,000

 
200,000

Total
$
13,444,565

 
$
12,624,510

____________________
(1)
30 to 59 days includes the amounts outstanding under the Barclays 364-day borrowing facility.
(2)
Repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasuries include an open maturity period (i.e., rolling 1-day maturity) renewable at the discretion of either party to the agreements.
(3)
One year and over includes repurchase agreements with maturity dates ranging from June 26, 2015 to July 27, 2016.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, our unrestricted cash balance increased to $1.1 billion from $821.1 million at December 31, 2012. The cash movements can be summarized by the following:
•
Cash flows from operating activities.   For the three months ended March 31, 2013, operating activities decreased our cash balances by approximately $20.5 million, primarily driven by our financial results for the quarter and purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale.
•
Cash flows from investing activities.  For the three months ended March 31, 2013, investing activities reduced our cash balances by approximately $1.6 billion. The reduction was driven by the increase in our RMBS portfolio as we deployed capital from our common stock offerings.
•
Cash flows from financing activities.   For the three months ended March 31, 2013, financing activities increased our cash balance by approximately $1.9 billion, resulting from the net borrowings under repurchase agreements to fund our AFS portfolio as well as net proceeds of $826.8 million received from our common stock offerings and exercise of outstanding warrants.

Inflation
Substantially all of our assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates and other factors impact our performance far more than does inflation. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and dividends are based upon net ordinary income and capital gains as calculated for tax purposes; in each case, our results of operations and reported assets, liabilities and equity are measured with reference to historical cost or fair value without considering inflation.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value while providing an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. Although we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe that risk can be quantified from historical experience and we seek to manage our risk levels in order to earn sufficient compensation to justify the risks we undertake and to maintain capital levels consistent with taking such risks.
To reduce the risks to our portfolio, we employ portfolio-wide and security-specific risk measurement and management processes in our daily operations. PRCM Advisers' risk management tools include software and services licensed or purchased from third parties, in addition to proprietary software and analytical methods developed by Pine River. There can be no guarantee that these tools will protect us from market risks.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our assets and related financing obligations. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we engage in a variety of interest rate management techniques that seek to mitigate the influence of interest rate changes on the values of our assets.

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We utilize U.S. Treasuries as well as derivative financial instruments, currently limited to interest rate swaps, swaptions, TBAs, commitments to purchase mortgage loans held-for-sale and, to a certain extent, inverse interest-only securities, as of March 31, 2013, to hedge the interest rate risk associated with our portfolio. We seek to hedge interest rate risk with respect to both the fixed income nature of our assets and the financing of our portfolio. In hedging interest rates with respect to our fixed income assets, we seek to reduce the risk of losses on the value of our investments that may result from changes in interest rates in the broader markets. In utilizing interest rate hedges with respect to our financing, we seek to improve risk-adjusted returns and, where possible, to obtain a favorable spread between the yield on our assets and the cost of our financing. We rely on PRCM Advisers' expertise to manage these risks on our behalf. We implement part of our hedging strategy through one of our TRSs, which is subject to U.S. federal, state and, if applicable, local income tax.
Interest Rate Effect on Net Interest Income
Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned on our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The costs associated with our borrowings are generally based on prevailing market interest rates. During a period of rising interest rates, our borrowing costs generally will increase while the yields earned on our existing portfolio of leveraged fixed-rate RMBS and mortgage loans held-for-sale will remain static. Moreover, interest rates may rise at a faster pace than the yields earned on our leveraged adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS and adjustable-rate mortgage loans held-for-sale. Both of these factors could result in a decline in our net interest spread and net interest margin. The severity of any such decline would depend on our asset/liability composition at the time, as well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate increase. Further, an increase in short-term interest rates could also have a negative impact on the market value of our target assets. If any of these events happen, we could experience a decrease in net income or incur a net loss during these periods, which could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations.
Our hedging techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our target assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the investment will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging strategies we may use and may cause losses on such transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.
We acquire adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS. These are assets in which some of the underlying mortgages are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps and floors, which may limit the amount by which the security's interest yield may change during any given period. However, our borrowing costs pursuant to our financing agreements are not subject to similar restrictions. Therefore, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rate costs on our borrowings could increase without limitation, while the interest-rate yields on our adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS could effectively be limited by caps. This issue will be magnified to the extent we acquire adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS that are not based on mortgages that are fully indexed. In addition, adjustable-rate and hybrid RMBS may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and added to the principal outstanding. If this happens, we could receive less cash income on such assets than we would need to pay for interest costs on our related borrowings. These factors could lower our net interest income or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would harm our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
We also acquire adjustable-rate mortgage loans held-for-sale. These assets are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps and floors, which may limit the amount by which the loan's interest yield may change during any given period. However, our borrowing costs pursuant to our financing agreements are not subject to similar restrictions. Therefore, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rate costs on our borrowings could increase without limitation, while the interest-rate yields on our adjustable-rate mortgage loans held-for-sale could effectively be limited by caps.
Interest Rate Mismatch Risk
We fund the majority of our adjustable-rate and hybrid Agency RMBS and adjustable-rate mortgage loans held-for-sale with borrowings that are based on LIBOR, while the interest rates on these assets may be indexed to other index rates, such as the one-year Constant Maturity Treasury index, or CMT, the Monthly Treasury Average index, or MTA, or the 11th District Cost of Funds Index, or COFI. Accordingly, any increase in LIBOR relative to these indices may result in an increase in our borrowing costs that is not matched by a corresponding increase in the interest earnings on these assets. Any such interest rate index mismatch could adversely affect our profitability, which may negatively impact distributions to our stockholders. To mitigate interest rate mismatches, we utilize the hedging strategies discussed above.

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The following table provides the indices of our variable rate RMBS AFS and mortgage loans held-for-sale as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, based on carrying value (dollars in thousands).
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
Index Type
 
Floating
 
Hybrid (1)
 
Total
 
Index %
 
Floating
 
Hybrid (1)
 
Total
 
Index %
CMT
 
$
7,080

 
$
150,752

 
$
157,832

 
6
%
 
$
—

 
$
154,948

 
$
154,948

 
6
%
LIBOR
 
2,577,388

 
29,213

 
2,606,601

 
92
%
 
2,313,283

 
28,747

 
2,342,030

 
93
%
Other (2)
 
49,172

 
7,245

 
56,417

 
2
%
 
18,334

 
8,066

 
26,400

 
1
%
Total
 
$
2,633,640

 
$
187,210

 
$
2,820,850

 
100
%
 
$
2,331,617

 
$
191,761

 
$
2,523,378

 
100
%
____________________
(1)
"Hybrid" amounts reflect those assets with greater than 12 months to reset.
(2)
"Other" includes COFI, MTA and other indices.

Our analysis of risks is based on PRCM Advisers' and its affiliates' experience, estimates, models and assumptions. These analyses rely on models which utilize estimates of fair value and interest rate sensitivity. Actual economic conditions or implementation of decisions by PRCM Advisers may produce results that differ significantly from the estimates and assumptions used in our models.
We use a variety of recognized industry models, as well as proprietary models, to perform sensitivity analyses which are derived from primary assumptions for prepayment rates, discount rates and credit losses. The primary assumption used in this model is implied market volatility of interest rates. The information presented in the following interest sensitivity table projects the potential impact of sudden parallel changes in interest rates on our financial results and financial condition over the next 12 months, based on our interest sensitive financial instruments at March 31, 2013.
All changes in value are measured as the change from the March 31, 2013 financial position. All projected changes in annualized net interest income are measured as the change from the projected annualized net interest income based off current performance returns.
 
Changes in Interest Rates
(dollars in thousands)
-100 bps
 
-50 bps
 
+50 bps
 
+100 bps
Change in value of financial position:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
$
402,345

 
$
250,697

 
$
(279,901
)
 
$
(581,573
)
As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
9.9
 %
 
6.2
 %
 
(6.9
)%
 
(14.3
)%
Trading securities
$
4,877

 
$
4,878

 
$
(9,663
)
 
$
(19,326
)
As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
0.1
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
(0.2
)%
 
(0.5
)%
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
$
670

 
$
335

 
$
(1,339
)
 
$
(2,679
)
As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
(0.1
)%
Mortgage loans held-for-investment in securitization trust
$
6,322

 
$
2,107

 
$
(8,430
)
 
$
(25,289
)
As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
0.1
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
(0.2
)%
 
(0.6
)%
Derivatives, net
$
(416,789
)
 
$
(268,011
)
 
$
291,641

 
$
574,514

As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
(10.2
)%
 
(6.6
)%
 
7.2
 %
 
14.1
 %
Repurchase Agreements
$
(7,753
)
 
$
(7,438
)
 
$
11,792

 
$
23,584

As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
(0.2
)%
 
(0.2
)%
 
0.3
 %
 
0.6
 %
Collateralized borrowings in securitization trust
$
(17,538
)
 
$
(7,715
)
 
$
14,038

 
$
36,505

As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
(0.4
)%
 
(0.2
)%
 
0.3
 %
 
0.9
 %
Total Net Assets
$
(27,866
)
 
$
(25,147
)
 
$
18,138

 
$
5,736

As a % of March 31, 2013 total assets
(0.1
)%
 
(0.1
)%
 
0.1
 %
 
—
 %
As a % of March 31, 2013 equity
(0.7
)%
 
(0.6
)%
 
0.5
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
-100 bps
 
-50 bps
 
+50 bps
 
+100 bps
Change in annualized net interest income:
$
(18,303
)
 
$
(18,329
)
 
$
29,681

 
$
59,363

% change in net interest income
(4.1
)%
 
(4.1
)%
 
6.6
 %
 
13.3
 %

The interest rate sensitivity table quantifies the potential changes in net interest income and portfolio value, which includes the value of swaps and our other derivatives, should interest rates immediately change. The interest rate sensitivity table

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presents the estimated impact of interest rates instantaneously rising 50 and 100 basis points, and falling 50 and 100 basis points. The cash flows associated with the portfolio of RMBS for each rate change are calculated based on assumptions, including prepayment speeds, yield on future acquisitions, slope of the yield curve, and size of the portfolio. Assumptions made on the interest rate sensitive liabilities, which are assumed to relate to repurchase agreements, including anticipated interest rates, collateral requirements as a percent of the repurchase agreement, amount and term of borrowing.
The AFS securities, at fair value, included in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table under “change in value of financial position” were limited to Agency RMBS. Due to the significantly discounted prices and underlying credit risks of our non-Agency RMBS, we believe our non-Agency RMBS's valuation is inherently de-sensitized to changes in interest rates. As such, we cannot project the impact to these financial instruments and have excluded these RMBS from the interest rate sensitivity analysis. However, these non-Agency RMBS have been included in the “change in annualized net interest income” analysis.
Certain assumptions have been made in connection with the calculation of the information set forth in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates at March 31, 2013. The analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management's judgment and experience. Furthermore, while we generally expect to retain such assets and the associated interest rate risk to maturity, future purchases and sales of assets could materially change our interest rate risk profile.
The change in annualized net interest income does not include any benefit or detriment from faster or slower prepayment rates on our Agency premium RMBS, non-Agency discount RMBS, and instruments that represent the interest payments (but not the principal) on a pool of mortgages, or interest-only securities. We anticipate that faster prepayment speeds in lower interest rate scenarios will generate lower realized yields on Agency premium and interest-only securities and higher realized yields on non-Agency discount RMBS. Similarly, we anticipate that slower prepayment speeds in higher interest rate scenarios will generate higher realized yields on Agency premium and interest-only bonds and lower realized yields on non-Agency discount RMBS. Although we have sought to construct the portfolio to limit the effect of changes in prepayment speeds, there can be no assurance this will actually occur, and the realized yield of the portfolio may be significantly different than we anticipate in changing interest rate scenarios.
Given the low interest rates at March 31, 2013, we applied a floor of 0% for all anticipated interest rates included in our assumptions. Because of this floor, we anticipate that any hypothetical interest rate shock decrease would have a limited positive impact on our funding costs; however, because prepayments speeds are unaffected by this floor, we expect that any increase in our prepayment speeds (occurring as a result of any interest rate decrease or otherwise) could result in an acceleration of our premium amortization on Agency and interest-only securities purchased at a premium, and accretion of discount on our non-Agency RMBS purchased at a discount. As a result, because this floor limits the positive impact of any interest rate decrease on our funding costs, hypothetical interest rate decreases could cause the fair value of our financial instruments and our net interest income to decline.
The information set forth in the interest rate sensitivity table and all related disclosures constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than anticipated. As we receive prepayments of principal on our assets, premiums paid on such assets will be amortized against interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the assets. Conversely, discounts on such assets are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the assets.
Normally, we believe that we will be able to reinvest proceeds from scheduled principal payments and prepayments at acceptable yields; however, no assurances can be given that, should significant prepayments occur, market conditions would be such that acceptable investments could be identified and the proceeds timely reinvested.
Market Risk
Market Value Risk.   Our AFS securities are reflected at their estimated fair value, with the difference between amortized cost and estimated fair value reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. The estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates, market valuation of credit risks, and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, we would expect the fair value of these securities to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, we would expect the fair value of these securities to increase. As market volatility increases or liquidity decreases, the fair value of our assets may be adversely impacted.
Our mortgage loans held-for-sale and held-for-investment are reflected at their estimated fair value. The estimated fair value fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates, market valuation of credit risks and other factors. Generally in a rising rate environment, we would expect the fair value of these loans to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing rate environment, we would

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expect the fair value of these loans to increase. However, the fair value of the credit sensitive loans included in mortgage loans held-for-sale is generally not sensitive to interest rate changes.
Real estate risk.  RMBS and residential property values are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including national, regional and local economic conditions; local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of housing); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. Decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral for mortgage loans and the potential proceeds available to borrowers to repay the loans, which could cause us to suffer losses on our non-Agency RMBS investments and mortgage loans.
Liquidity Risk
Our liquidity risk is principally associated with our financing of long-maturity assets with short-term borrowings in the form of repurchase agreements. Although the interest rate adjustments of these assets and liabilities fall within the guidelines established by our operating policies, maturities are not required to be, nor are they, matched.
Should the value of our assets pledged as collateral suddenly decrease, margin calls relating to our repurchase agreements could increase, causing an adverse change in our liquidity position. Additionally, if one or more of our repurchase agreement counterparties chose not to provide on-going funding, our ability to finance would decline or exist at possibly less advantageous terms. As such, we cannot assure that we will always be able to roll over our repurchase agreements. See Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information about our liquidity and capital resource management.
Credit Risk
We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our risk of credit losses low to moderate. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of the loans underlying our non-Agency RMBS. With respect to our non-Agency RMBS that are senior in the credit structure, credit support contained in RMBS deal structures provide a level of protection from losses. We seek to manage the remaining credit risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence process, and by factoring assumed credit losses into the purchase prices we pay for non-Agency RMBS. In addition, with respect to any particular target asset, we evaluate relative valuation, supply and demand trends, shape of yield curves, prepayment rates, delinquency and default rates, recovery of various sectors and vintage of collateral. At times, we enter into credit default swaps or other derivative instruments in an attempt to manage our credit risk. Nevertheless, unanticipated credit losses could adversely affect our operating results. We are also exposed to credit risk on the mortgage loans in our portfolio. We seek to manage credit risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence, and by factoring assumed credit losses into the purchase price we pay for our mortgage loans.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures
A review and evaluation was performed by our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that review and evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that our current disclosure controls and procedures, as designed and implemented, were effective. Although our CEO and CFO have determined our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the reports we submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may be involved in various legal claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. As of the date of this filing, we are not party to any litigation or legal proceedings or, to the best of our knowledge, any threatened litigation or legal proceedings, which, in our opinion, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth under the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, or the Form 10-K. The materialization of any risks and uncertainties identified in our Forward Looking Statements contained in this report together with those previously disclosed in the Form 10-K or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. See Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Forward Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Risk Related to Our Business and Operations
The expansion of our business into investments in mortgage servicing rights may expose us to additional risks.
Our recent acquisition of a company that has seller-servicer approvals from Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae and our plan to make investments in mortgage servicing rights may subject us to risks related to its assets and operations, including the following:
•
We have limited experience acquiring mortgage servicing rights and operating a seller-servicer and while ownership of mortgage servicing rights and operation of a seller-servicer includes many of the same risks as our other target assets, including risks related to prepayments, borrower credit, defaults, interest rates, hedging, and regulatory changes, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully operate the seller-servicer subsidiary and integrate it into our business operations;
•
The status of our subsidiary as a Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae approved seller-servicer is subject to compliance with each of their respective selling and servicing guidelines and other conditions they may impose and failure to meet such guidelines and conditions could result in the unilateral termination of our subsidiary's status as an approved seller-servicer;
•
We will be dependent on mortgage servicers to perform the actual day-to-day servicing obligations on the mortgage loans underlying the mortgage servicing rights. The value of our mortgage servicing rights could be materially and adversely affected if the servicer is unable to adequately service the underlying mortgage loans in accordance with generally accepted servicing practices;
•
The mortgage servicing business is heavily regulated, including regulation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Our failure or alleged failure, or the failure or alleged failure of the mortgage servicers with whom we contract, to follow applicable regulations could subject us to substantial costs related to responding to regulatory inquiries and investigations, court proceedings and litigation settlements;
•
Changes in minimum servicing amounts for GSE loans could occur at any time and could negatively impact the value of the income derived from mortgage servicing rights; and
•
Investments in mortgage servicing rights are highly illiquid and subject to numerous restrictions on transfer and, as a result, there is risk that we would be unable to locate a willing buyer or get approval to sell mortgage servicing rights in the future should we desire to do so.
If we are not able to successfully manage these and other risks related to investing and managing mortgage servicing rights, it may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.


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Item 5. Other Information
None.

Item 6. Exhibits
(a) Exhibits
Exhibits - The exhibits listed on the accompanying Index of Exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as a part of this report. Such Index is incorporated herein by reference.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
TWO HARBORS INVESTMENT CORP.
Dated:
May 8, 2013
By:
/s/ Thomas Siering
 
 
 
Thomas Siering
Chief Executive Officer, President and
Director (principal executive officer)
Dated:
May 8, 2013
By:
/s/ Brad Farrell
 
 
 
Brad Farrell
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal accounting and financial officer)


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Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Index
1.1
 
Equity Distribution Agreement among Two Harbors Investment Corp., JMP Securities LLC and Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc. dated May 25, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2012).
2.1
 
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 11, 2009, by and among Capitol Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two Harbors Merger Corp. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated by reference to Annex A filed with Pre Effective Amendment No. 4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-160199) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on October 8, 2009 ("Amendment No. 4")).
2.2
 
Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 17, 2009, by and among Capitol Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two Harbors Merger Corp. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated by reference to Annex A-2 filed with Amendment No. 4).
2.3
 
Amendment No. 2 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 20, 2009, by and among Capitol Acquisition Corp., Two Harbors Investment Corp., Two Harbors Merger Corp. and Pine River Capital Management L.P. (incorporated by reference to Annex A-3 filed with Amendment No. 4).
3.1
 
Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2012).
3.2
 
Bylaws of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Annex C filed with Amendment No. 4).
4.1
 
Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and Capitol Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, filed with the SEC on March 4, 2010 ("2009 Form 10-K")).
4.2
 
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Amendment No. 4).
4.3
 
Specimen Warrant Certificate of Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 filed with Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-160199) filed with the SEC on August 5, 2009).
4.4
 
Supplement and Amendment to Warrant Agreement between Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, Capitol Acquisition Corp. and Two Harbors Investment Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's 2009 Form 10-K).
4.5
 
Second Amendment to Warrant Agreement between Two Harbors Investment Corp. and Mellon Investors Services LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 13, 2010).
10.1
 
Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's 2009 Form 10-K).
10.2
 
Sub-Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's 2009 Form 10-K).
10.3
 
Shared Facilities and Services Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's 2009 Form 10-K).
10.4*
 
2009 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 4).
10.5*
 
Form of Restricted Common Stock Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10.1 to Amendment No. 4).
10.6*
 
Form of Phantom Share Award (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10.2 to Amendment No. 4).
10.7
 
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and among Two Harbors Investment Corp., Capitol Acquisition Corp. and certain persons listed on Schedule 1 thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 28, 2009 (“Merger Closing 8-K”)).
10.8
 
Letter Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and between Two Harbors Investment Corp. and Integrated Holding Group LP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Merger Closing 8-K).
10.9
 
Letter Agreement, dated as of October 27, 2009, by and among Two Harbors Investment Corp., Federated Kaufmann Fund, Federated Kaufmann Fund II and Federated Kaufmann Growth Fund (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Merger Closing 8-K).
10.10
 
Letter Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and between Two Harbors Investment Corp. and Whitebox Special Opportunities Fund, LP Series A (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Merger Closing 8-K).
10.11
 
Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 19, 2009).
10.12
 
Amendment to Management Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2012).

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Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Index
31.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
31.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
32.1
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
32.2
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (filed herewith)
101
 
Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Two Harbors Investment Corp. for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, filed on May 8, 2013, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. (filed herewith)
____________________
*
Management contract or compensatory agreement.

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