Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[ X ]  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011

or

[    ]  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number:    001-07434

LOGO

Aflac Incorporated

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Georgia   58-1167100
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1932 Wynnton Road, Columbus, Georgia   31999
(Address of principal executive offices)   (ZIP Code)

706.323.3431

 

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.            þ  Yes  ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).            þ  Yes  ¨  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  þ    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).                                                                                                                                                           ¨  Yes  þ  No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Class       April 28, 2011
Common Stock, $.10 Par Value     467,704,769 shares


Table of Contents

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2011

Table of Contents

 

     Page  

PART I.

   FINANCIAL INFORMATION:   

Item 1.

   Financial Statements (Unaudited)      1   
   Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm      1   
   Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm      2   
  

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, and 2010

     3   
  

Consolidated Balance Sheets

  March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010

     4   
  

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, and 2010

     6   
  

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, and 2010

     7   
  

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

  Three Months Ended March 31, 2011, and 2010

     9   
   Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements      10   

Item 2.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations      45   

Item 3.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk      76   

Item 4.

   Controls and Procedures      76   

PART II.

   OTHER INFORMATION:   

Item 1A.

   Risk Factors      77   

Item 2.

   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds      78   

Item 6.

   Exhibits      79   

Items other than those listed above are omitted because they are not required or are not applicable.

 

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The March 31, 2011, and 2010, consolidated financial statements included in this filing have been reviewed by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, in accordance with established professional standards and procedures for such a review.

The report of KPMG LLP commenting upon its review is included on the following page.

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

Aflac Incorporated:

We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, cash flows and comprehensive income (loss) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We have previously audited, in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, cash flows and comprehensive income (loss) for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 25, 2011, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Our report refers to a change in the method of evaluating the consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs) and qualified special purpose entities (QSPEs) in 2010 and a change in the method of evaluating other-than-temporary impairments of debt securities in 2009. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, is fairly stated in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

LOGO

Atlanta, Georgia

May 6, 2011

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Earnings

(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts - Unaudited)   

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 
   2011     2010  

Revenues:

    

Premiums, principally supplemental health insurance

   $ 4,872      $ 4,348            

Net investment income

     794        726            

Realized investment gains (losses):

    

Other-than-temporary impairment losses realized

     (405     (42)           

Sales and redemptions

     (144     (21)           

Derivative gains (losses)

     (30     17            

Total realized investment gains (losses)

     (579     (46)           

Other income

     30        37            

Total revenues

     5,117        5,065            

Benefits and expenses:

    

Benefits and claims

     3,222        2,857            

Acquisition and operating expenses:

    

Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs

     279        280            

Insurance commissions

     422        403            

Insurance expenses

     508        481            

Interest expense

     45        33            

Other operating expenses

     41        37            

Total acquisition and operating expenses

     1,295        1,234            

Total benefits and expenses

     4,517        4,091            

Earnings before income taxes

     600        974            

Income taxes

     205        338            

Net earnings

   $ 395      $ 636            
                  

Net earnings per share:

    

Basic

   $ .84      $ 1.36            

Diluted

     .84        1.35            
                  

Weighted-average outstanding common shares used in computing earnings per share (In thousands):

    

Basic

     468,012        467,926            

Diluted

     472,104        472,450            
                  

Cash dividends per share

   $ .30      $ .28            
                  

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

(In millions)    March 31,
2011
(Unaudited)
     December 31,
2010
 

Assets:

     

Investments and cash:

     

Securities available for sale, at fair value:

     

Fixed maturities (amortized cost $45,248 in 2011 and $43,133 in 2010)

   $     45,162            $     43,100               

Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities (amortized cost $4,965 in 2011 and $4,969 in 2010)

     5,156              5,255               

Perpetual securities (amortized cost $5,995 in 2011 and $6,209 in 2010)

     5,847              5,974               

Perpetual securities - consolidated variable interest entities (amortized cost $1,588 in 2011 and $1,618 in 2010)

     1,521              1,538               

Equity securities (cost $22 in 2011 and $22 in 2010)

     24              23               

Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost:

     

Fixed maturities (fair value $27,656 in 2011 and $29,899 in 2010)

     27,904              29,470               

Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities (fair value $558 in 2011 and $570 in 2010)

     601              614               

Other investments

     138              135               

Cash and cash equivalents

     2,088              2,121               

Total investments and cash

     88,441              88,230               

Receivables

     738              661               

Accrued investment income

     746              738               

Deferred policy acquisition costs

     9,689              9,734               

Property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation

     604              620               

Other

     927 (1)            1,056(1)             

Total assets

   $     101,145            $ 101,039               
                   

 

(1) 

Includes $446 in 2011 and $564 in 2010 of derivatives from consolidated VIEs

 

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(continued)

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts)    March 31,    
2011    
(Unaudited)   
     December 31,   
2010   
         

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:

        

Liabilities:

        

Policy liabilities:

        

Future policy benefits

     $    71,604              $    72,103         

Unpaid policy claims

     3,735              3,719         

Unearned premiums

     1,232              1,197         

Other policyholders’ funds

     5,920              5,437               

Total policy liabilities

     82,491              82,456         

Notes payable

     3,017              3,038         

Income taxes

     1,877              1,969         

Payables for return of cash collateral on loaned securities

     244              191         

Other

     2,493(2)            2,329(2)      

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10)

                          

Total liabilities

     90,122              89,983               

Shareholders’ equity:

        

Common stock of $.10 par value. In thousands: authorized 1,900,000 shares in 2011 and 2010; issued 663,330 shares in 2011 and 662,660 shares in 2010

     66              66         

Additional paid-in capital

     1,350              1,320         

Retained earnings

     14,448              14,194         

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

        

Unrealized foreign currency translation gains

     862              926         

Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:

        

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities not other-than-temporarily impaired

     (16)             36         

Unrealized gains (losses) on other-than-temporarily impaired securities

     0              (3)        

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives

     (5)             31         

Pension liability adjustment

     (126)             (128)        

Treasury stock, at average cost

     (5,556)             (5,386)              

Total shareholders’ equity

     11,023              11,056               

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

     $  101,145              $  101,039               
                            

 

(2) 

Includes $716 in 2011 and $741 in 2010 of derivatives from consolidated VIEs

 

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
(In millions - Unaudited)            2011         2010      

Common stock:

    

Balance, beginning of period

   $ 66       $ 66            

Balance, end of period

     66         66            

Additional paid-in capital:

    

Balance, beginning of period

     1,320         1,228            

Exercise of stock options

     12         16            

Share-based compensation

            5            

Gain (loss) on treasury stock reissued

     10         (1)           

Balance, end of period

     1,350         1,248            

Retained earnings:

    

Balance, beginning of period

     14,194         12,410            

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of income taxes

            (25)           

Net earnings

     395         636            

Dividends to shareholders

     (141)        (131)           

Balance, end of period

     14,448         12,890            

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

    

Balance, beginning of period

     862         29            

Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period, net of income taxes:

    

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of income taxes

            (320)           

Change in unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period, net of income taxes

     (64)        (44)           

Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities during period, net of income taxes and reclassification adjustments:

    

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle, net of income taxes

            180            

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities not other-than-temporarily impaired, net of income taxes

     (52)        244            

Change in unrealized gains (losses) on other-than- temporarily impaired investment securities, net of income taxes

            8            

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period, net of income taxes

     (36)        (6)           

Pension liability adjustment during period, net of income taxes

            2            

Balance, end of period

     715         93            

Treasury stock:

    

Balance, beginning of period

     (5,386)        (5,316)           

Purchases of treasury stock

     (184)        (4)           

Cost of shares issued

     14         10            

Balance, end of period

     (5,556)        (5,310)           

Total shareholders’ equity

   $ 11,023       $ 8,987            
                  

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
(In millions - Unaudited)            2011         2010  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net earnings

     $       395                 $       636            

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:

    

Change in receivables and advance premiums

     461                 235            

Increase in deferred policy acquisition costs

     (95)                (50)           

Increase in policy liabilities

     951                 679            

Change in income tax liabilities

     (154)                (71)           

Realized investment (gains) losses

     579                 46            

Other, net

     30                 (197)           

Net cash provided (used) by operating activities

     2,167                 1,278            

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Proceeds from investments sold or matured:

    

Securities available for sale:

    

Fixed maturities sold

     891                 712            

Fixed maturities matured or called

     556                 150            

Perpetual securities sold

     61                 54            

Securities held to maturity:

    

Fixed maturities matured or called

     127                 1            

    Costs of investments acquired:

    

Securities available for sale:

    

Fixed maturities acquired

     (2,914)                (2,593)           

Securities held to maturity:

    

Fixed maturities acquired

     (769)                (302)           

    Cash received as collateral on loaned securities, net

     54                 7            

    Other, net

     (19)                2            

Net cash provided (used) by investing activities

     $      (2,013)                $  (1,969)           

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

(continued)

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
(In millions - Unaudited)    2011      2010        

Cash flows from financing activities:

     

Purchases of treasury stock

     $    (184)           $     (5)           

Principal payments under debt obligations

     (1)           (1)           

Dividends paid to shareholders

     (135)           (131)           

Change in investment-type contracts, net

     124            89            

Treasury stock reissued

     16            7            

Other, net

     9            18            

Net cash provided (used) by financing activities

     (171)           (23)           

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (16)           2            

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

     $      (33)           (712)           

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     2,121            2,323            

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

     $   2,088            $1,611            
                   

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

     

Income taxes paid

     $      234            $   403            

Interest paid

     12            10            

Impairment losses included in realized investment losses

     405            42            

Noncash financing activities:

     

Capitalized lease obligations

     1            0            

Treasury stock issued for:

     

Shareholder dividend reinvestment

     6            0            

Share-based compensation grants

     2            2            
                   
                   

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
(In millions - Unaudited)        2011              2010      

Net earnings

     $      395            $      636        

Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes:

     

Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period

     (4)           (18)       

Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:

     

Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities during period

     (609)           323        

Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses on investment securities included in net earnings

     527            63        

Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period

     (55)           (10)       

Pension liability adjustment during period

     4            2        

Total other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes

     (137)           360        

Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)

     10            156        

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes

     (147)           204        

Total comprehensive income (loss)

     $      248            $      840        
                   

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(Interim period data – Unaudited)

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business

Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) primarily sell supplemental health and life insurance in the United States and Japan. The Company’s insurance business is marketed and administered through American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac), which operates in the United States (Aflac U.S.) and as a branch in Japan (Aflac Japan). Most of Aflac’s policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents. Aflac U.S. markets and administers group products through Continental American Insurance Company (CAIC). Our insurance operations in the United States and our branch in Japan service the two markets for our insurance business. Aflac Japan’s revenues, including realized gains and losses on its investment portfolio, accounted for 74% of the Company’s total revenues in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011, and 2010. The percentage of the Company’s total assets attributable to Aflac Japan was 86% at March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010.

Basis of Presentation

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These principles are established primarily by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, references to GAAP issued by the FASB are derived from the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM (ASC). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates when recording transactions resulting from business operations based on currently available information. The most significant items on our balance sheet that involve a greater degree of accounting estimates and actuarial determinations subject to changes in the future are the valuation of investments, deferred policy acquisition costs, liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, and income taxes. These accounting estimates and actuarial determinations are sensitive to market conditions, investment yields, mortality, morbidity, commission and other acquisition expenses, and terminations by policyholders. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates will be revised and reflected in operating results. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe the amounts provided are adequate.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent Company, its subsidiaries and those entities required to be consolidated under applicable accounting standards. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary to fairly present the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the consolidated statements of earnings, shareholders’ equity, cash flows and comprehensive income (loss) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011, and 2010. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. As a result, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2010.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Fair value measurements and disclosures: In January 2010, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance on fair value disclosures. This guidance requires the activity in fair value hierarchy Level 3 for purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements to be reported on a gross, rather than net, basis. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2011. The adoption did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Accounting for variable interest entities and transfers of financial assets: In June 2009, the FASB issued amended guidance on accounting for VIEs and transfers of financial assets. As discussed above, this guidance defines new criteria for determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE; increases the frequency of required reassessments to determine whether a company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE; eliminates the exemption for the consolidation of qualified special purpose entities (QSPEs); establishes conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale; modifies the financial asset derecognition criteria; and requires additional disclosures. We adopted the

 

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provisions of this guidance on January 1, 2010 as a cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. We were required to consolidate certain of the VIEs with which we are currently involved. We were not required to deconsolidate any VIEs on January 1, 2010.

Upon the initial consolidation of the VIEs on January 1, 2010, the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests of the VIEs were recorded at their carrying values, which is the amounts at which the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests would have been carried in the consolidated financial statements when we first met the conditions to be the primary beneficiary. For any of the VIEs that were required to be consolidated, we also considered whether any of the derivatives in these structures qualified on January 1, 2010, as a cash flow hedge of the changes in cash flows attributable to foreign currency and/or interest rate risk. Certain of the swaps did not qualify for hedge accounting since the swap had a fair value on January 1, 2010. Other swaps did not qualify for hedge accounting since they increased, rather than reduced, cash flow risk.

For additional information concerning our investments in VIEs and derivatives, see Notes 3 and 4, respectively.

Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

Accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts: In October 2010, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance on accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts. Only incremental direct costs associated with the successful acquisition of a new or renewal contract may be capitalized. The amendment also prohibits capitalizing direct-response advertising costs unless they meet certain criteria.

This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our financial position and results of operations.

Recent accounting guidance not discussed above is not applicable or did not have an impact on our business.

For additional information on new accounting pronouncements and recent accounting guidance and their impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

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2. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company consists of two reportable insurance business segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S., both of which sell supplemental health and life insurance. Operating business segments that are not individually reportable are included in the “Other business segments” category.

We do not allocate corporate overhead expenses to business segments. We evaluate and manage our business segments using a financial performance measure called pretax operating earnings. Our definition of operating earnings excludes the following items from net earnings on an after-tax basis: realized investment gains/losses (securities transactions, impairments, and the impact of derivative and hedging activities) and nonrecurring items. We then exclude income taxes related to operations to arrive at pretax operating earnings. Information regarding operations by segment follows:

 

      Three months Ended March 31,  
(In millions)            2011                      2010          

Revenues:

     

  Aflac Japan:

     

Earned premiums

   $     3,702          $     3,206        

Net investment income

     649            593        

Other income

     20            28        

  Total Aflac Japan

     4,371            3,827        

  Aflac U.S.:

     

Earned premiums

     1,169            1,142        

Net investment income

     144            132        

Other income

     3            2        

  Total Aflac U.S.

     1,316            1,276        

  Other business segments

     15            12        

  Total business segment revenues

     5,702            5,115        

  Realized investment gains (losses)

     (579)           (46)       

  Corporate

     61            52        

  Intercompany eliminations

     (67)           (56)       

  Total revenues

   $ 5,117          $ 5,065        
   
     
      Three months Ended March 31,  
(In millions)            2011                      2010          

Pretax earnings:

     

  Aflac Japan

   $ 980          $ 821        

  Aflac U.S.

     253            244        

  Other business segments

     1            (1)       

Total business segment pretax operating earnings

     1,234            1,064        

  Interest expense, noninsurance operations

     (41)           (31)       

  Corporate and eliminations

     (14)           (13)       

Pretax operating earnings

     1,179            1,020        

  Realized investment gains (losses)

     (579)           (46)       

Total earnings before income taxes

   $ 600          $ 974        
   

  Income taxes applicable to pretax operating earnings

   $ 407          $ 354        

  Effect of foreign currency translation on operating earnings

     49            22        
   

 

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Assets were as follows:

 

(In millions)    March 31,    
    2011         
    December 31,   
    2010         
 

Assets:

    

  Aflac Japan

   $ 87,106      $ 87,061   

  Aflac U.S.

     13,294        13,095   

  Other business segments

     158        155   

Total business segment assets

     100,558        100,311   

  Corporate

     13,999        14,047   

  Intercompany eliminations

     (13,412     (13,319

Total assets

   $ 101,145      $ 101,039   
   

 

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3. INVESTMENTS

Investment Holdings

The amortized cost for our investments in debt and perpetual securities, the cost for equity securities and the fair values of these investments are shown in the following tables.

 

      March 31, 2011  
(In millions)    Cost or
Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
       Fair
  Value
 

Securities available for sale,

  carried at fair value:

           

  Fixed maturities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Japan government and agencies

   $     16,905               $        315             $             105             $     17,115       

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     1,175                 21               13               1,183       

Public utilities

     2,504                 87               106               2,485       

Sovereign and supranational

     1,653                 107               24               1,736       

Banks/financial institutions

     5,559                 130               924               4,765       

Other corporate

     5,758                 142               465               5,435       

  Total yen-denominated

     33,554                 802               1,637               32,719       

Dollar-denominated:

           

U.S. government and agencies

     974                 20               1               993       

Municipalities

     1,013                 9               36               986       

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities(1)

     453                 92               1               544       

Collateralized debt obligations

     5                 0               0               5       

Public utilities

     2,784                 227               47               2,964       

Sovereign and supranational

     385                 58               4               439       

Banks/financial institutions

     3,316                 187               74               3,429       

Other corporate

     7,729                 607               97               8,239       

  Total dollar-denominated

     16,659                 1,200               260               17,599       

  Total fixed maturities

     50,213                 2,002               1,897               50,318       

  Perpetual securities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     6,878                 194               477               6,595       

Other corporate

     322                 23               0               345       

Dollar-denominated:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     383                 68               23               428       

  Total perpetual securities

     7,583                 285               500               7,368       

  Equity securities

     22                 3               1               24       

  Total securities available for sale

   $     57,818               $     2,290             $         2,398             $     57,710       
   

 

(1) 

Includes $1 of other-than-temporary non-credit-related losses

 

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      March 31, 2011  
(In millions)   

Cost or

Amortized

Cost

    

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

    

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

    

Fair  

Value  

 

Securities held to maturity,

  carried at amortized cost:

           

  Fixed maturities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Japan government and agencies

     $        449               $    0              $        10             $      439        

Municipalities

     522               5              9             518        

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     138               4              0             142        

Public utilities

     6,211               221              157             6,275        

Sovereign and supranational

     4,053               169              119             4,103        

Banks/financial institutions

     11,945               179              662             11,462        

Other corporate

     5,187               192              104             5,275        

  Total yen-denominated

     28,505               770              1,061             28,214        

  Total securities held to maturity

   $   28,505             $   770            $   1,061           $   28,214        
   

 

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      December 31, 2010  
(In millions)    Cost or
Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    

  Fair

  Value

 

Securities available for sale,

  carried at fair value:

           

  Fixed maturities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Japan government and agencies

     $  16,607                 $    584               $    14               $  17,177       

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     1,224                 35               15               1,244       

Public utilities

     2,554                 117               80               2,591       

Sovereign and supranational

     903                 47               12               938       

Banks/financial institutions

     5,927                 152               1,177               4,902       

Other corporate

     5,733                 136               457               5,412       

  Total yen-denominated

     32,948                 1,071               1,755               32,264       

Dollar-denominated:

           

U.S. government and agencies

     32                 4               0               36       

Municipalities

     1,006                 9               42               973       

Mortgage- and asset-backed

  securities(1)

     485                 90               13               562       

Collateralized debt obligations

     5                 0               0               5       

Public utilities

     2,568                 246               36               2,778       

Sovereign and supranational

     395                 63               2               456       

Banks/financial institutions

     3,496                 143               108               3,531       

Other corporate

     7,167                 662               79               7,750       

  Total dollar-denominated

     15,154                 1,217               280               16,091       

  Total fixed maturities

     48,102                 2,288               2,035               48,355       

  Perpetual securities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     7,080                 172               533               6,719       

Other corporate

     328                 15               0               343       

Dollar-denominated:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     419                 61               30               450       

  Total perpetual securities

     7,827                 248               563               7,512       

  Equity securities

     22                 3               2               23       

  Total securities available for sale

   $   55,951               $   2,539             $   2,600             $   55,890       
                                     

(1) Includes $4 of other-than-temporary non-credit-related losses

 

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      December 31, 2010  
(In millions)   

Cost or

Amortized

Cost

    

Gross

Unrealized

Gains

    

Gross

Unrealized

Losses

    

Fair

Value

 

Securities held to maturity,

  carried at amortized cost:

           

  Fixed maturities:

           

Yen-denominated:

           

Japan government and agencies

   $       344             $       4            $          4           $       344        

Municipalities

     407               18              2             423        

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     146               5              0             151        

Public utilities

     6,339               326              120             6,545        

Sovereign and supranational

     4,951               305              65             5,191        

Banks/financial institutions

     12,618               216              526             12,308        

Other corporate

     5,279               274              46             5,507        

  Total yen-denominated

     30,084               1,148              763             30,469        

  Total securities held to maturity

     $  30,084               $  1,148              $  763             $  30,469        
                                     

The methods of determining the fair values of our investments in debt securities, perpetual securities and equity securities are described in Note 5.

Included in the available-for-sale fixed maturities portfolio are securities with embedded derivatives for which we have elected the fair value option. These securities were recorded at a fair value of $602 million at March 31, 2011, compared with $619 million at December 31, 2010. We recognized in earnings investment gains of $3 million during the three-month period ended March 31, 2011 and less than $1 million of losses during the three-month period ended March 31, 2010 for the changes in fair value of these securities, which excludes the effects of foreign currency translation and additional fair value option elections.

During the first three months of 2011, we reclassified eight investments from the held-to-maturity portfolio to the available-for-sale portfolio as a result of a significant decline in the issuers’ credit worthiness. At the time of the transfer, the securities had an aggregate amortized cost of $1.6 billion and an aggregate unrealized loss of $270 million. The securities transferred included our investments in the Republic of Tunisia that had an aggregate amortized cost of $769 million and four securities associated with financial institutions in Portugal and Ireland with an aggregate amortized cost of $631 million. See the Investment Concentration section below for a discussion of these financial institutions in Portugal and Ireland. During the first three months of 2010, we did not reclassify any investments from the held-to-maturity portfolio to the available-for-sale portfolio.

 

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Contractual and Economic Maturities

The contractual maturities of our investments in fixed maturities at March 31, 2011, were as follows:

 

      Aflac Japan      Aflac U.S.  

(In millions)

   Amortized
Cost
     Fair
Value
     Amortized
Cost
     Fair  
Value  
 

Available for sale:

           

Due in one year or less

   $ 1,303       $ 1,352       $ 76       $ 78     

Due after one year through five years

     3,857         4,113         257         286     

Due after five years through 10 years

     3,340         3,557         924         1,052     

Due after 10 years

     31,856         30,877         6,861         7,160     

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     1,320         1,420         308         307     

Total fixed maturities available for sale

   $ 41,676       $ 41,319       $     8,426       $     8,883     
                                     

Held to maturity:

           

Due in one year or less

   $ 548       $ 554       $ 0       $ 0     

Due after one year through five years

     1,233         1,310         0         0     

Due after five years through 10 years

     3,254         3,591         0         0     

Due after 10 years

     23,332         22,617         0         0     

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     138         142         0         0     

Total fixed maturities held to maturity

   $     28,505       $     28,214       $ 0       $ 0     
                                     

At March 31, 2011, the Parent Company had a portfolio of investment-grade available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities totaling $111 million at amortized cost and $116 million at fair value, which is not included in the table above.

Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The majority of our perpetual securities are subordinated to other debt obligations of the issuer, but rank higher than the issuer’s equity securities. Perpetual securities have characteristics of both debt and equity investments, along with unique features that create economic maturity dates for the securities. Although perpetual securities have no contractual maturity date, they have stated interest coupons that were fixed at their issuance and subsequently change to a floating short-term interest rate of 125 to more than 300 basis points above an appropriate market index, generally by the 25th year after issuance, thereby creating an economic maturity date. The economic maturities of our investments in perpetual securities, which were all reported as available for sale at March 31, 2011, were as follows:

 

      Aflac Japan      Aflac U.S.  
(In millions)    Amortized
Cost
     Fair
Value
     Amortized
Cost
     Fair  
Value  
 

Due in one year or less

   $ 632       $ 689       $ 0       $ 0     

Due after one year through five years

     1,286         1,332         5         5     

Due after five years through 10 years

     985         1,035         0         0     

Due after 10 years

     4,479         4,062         196         245     

Total perpetual securities available for sale

   $       7,382       $       7,118       $        201       $        250     
                                     

Investment Concentrations

Our investment discipline begins with a top-down approach for each investment opportunity we consider. Consistent with that approach, we first approve each country in which we invest. In our approach to sovereign analysis, we consider the political, legal and financial context of the sovereign entity in which an issuer is domiciled and operates. Next we approve the issuer’s industry sector, including such factors as the stability of results and the importance of the sector to the overall economy. Specific credit names within approved countries and industry sectors are evaluated for their market position and specific strengths and potential weaknesses. Structures in which we invest are chosen for specific portfolio management purposes, including asset/liability management, portfolio diversification and net investment income.

 

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Banks and Financial Institutions

Our largest investment industry sector concentration is banks and financial institutions. Within the countries we approve for investment opportunities, we primarily invest in financial institutions that are strategically crucial to each approved country’s economy. The bank and financial institution sector is a highly regulated industry and plays a strategic role in the global economy. We achieve some degree of diversification in the bank and financial institution sector through a geographically diverse universe of credit exposures. Within this sector, the more significant concentration of our credit risk by geographic region or country of issuer at March 31, 2011, based on amortized cost, was: Europe, excluding the United Kingdom (45%); United States (20%); United Kingdom (8%); Japan (8%); and other (19%).

Our total investments in the bank and financial institution sector, including those classified as perpetual securities, were as follows:

 

      March 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
      Total Investments in
Banks and Financial
Institutions Sector
(in millions)
     Percentage of
Total Investment
Portfolio
    Total Investments in
Banks and Financial
Institutions Sector
(in millions)
     Percentage of
Total Investment    
Portfolio
 

Debt Securities:

          

Amortized cost

     $        20,820                        24  %        $        22,041                   26  %       

Fair value

     19,656                        23             20,741                   24            

Perpetual Securities:

          

Upper Tier II:

          

Amortized cost

     $          4,799                         6  %        $          4,957                       6  %          

Fair value

     4,658                       5           4,748                    5            

Tier I:

          

Amortized cost

     2,462                        3             2,542                    3            

Fair value

     2,365                        3             2,421                    3            

Total:

          

Amortized cost

     $        28,081                         33  %        $        29,540                   35  %       

Fair value

     26,679                        31            27,910                    32             
                                    
                                    

Investments in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain

Our investment exposure to sovereign debt and financial institutions in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain was as follows:

 

      March 31, 2011      December 31, 2010  
(In millions)    Amortized
Cost
    Fair   
Value   
     Amortized
Cost
    Fair   
Value   
 

Sovereign and supranational:

         

Italy

       $ 301       $ 290             $ 307       $ 306     

Spain

     715         736           730         782     

Total

       $ 1,016       $ 1,026             $ 1,037       $ 1,088     
                                   

Banks and financial institutions:

         

Greece

       $   372       $ 372             $   1,152       $ 391     

Ireland

     621         451           710         659     

Italy

     180         173           184         183     

Portugal

     842         405           859         770     

Spain

     518         480           526         503     

Total

        $ 2,533   (1)     $ 1,881              $ 3,431 (1)     $ 2,506     
                                   
(1) 

Represents 9% in 2011 and 12% in 2010 of total investments in the banks and financial institutions sector, and 3% in 2011 and 4% in 2010 of total investments in debt and perpetual securities

Ireland

During the first quarter of 2011, we sold one of our impaired below-investment-grade Irish financial institution securities at a $2 million pretax gain. As of March 31, 2011, two securities included in the table above issued by Irish financial institutions with amortized costs and fair values totaling $351 million and $220 million, respectively, were rated

 

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below investment grade. We believe that these unrealized losses are primarily the result of the fiscal problems in the region rather than issuer specific credit factors. The Irish government has stated that they do not support burden-sharing for senior debt holdings such as ours. These Irish banks are current on their obligation to us, and we believe they have the ability to meet their obligations to us. In addition, as of March 31, 2011, we had the intent to hold these investments to recovery in value. As a result, we did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment for these investments as of March 31, 2011.

Greece

During the second quarter of 2010, our investments in Greek financial institutions, Alpha Bank, EFG Eurobank Ergasias, and National Bank of Greece (NBG), all of which are Lower Tier II subordinated debt, were downgraded to below investment grade. As a result of the downgrades, we reclassified these investments from held to maturity to available for sale. We believed the downgrade of the Greek banks was largely related to the problems of the Greek government and its poor fiscal management, rather than the banks’ specific credit profiles. The three Greek bank issuers that comprised our Greek financial institution holdings had, on average, Tier 1 capital ratios higher than their peers in other troubled European sovereigns. Their capital was at a level that we felt could sustain deterioration in assets and operations that accompany economic conditions, such as those that the Greek economy was encountering in 2010 and those expected in the next few years. All three Greek banks had sufficient capital under the stress testing applied by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) in July 2010. However, the problems of the Greek government and related ratings downgrades have caused a decline in the confidence of depositors and capital market participants in the Greek banking system. As a result, the banks have significantly relied upon the European Central Bank (ECB) for liquidity via posting of collateral, which tends to be in the form of Greek Government Bonds (GGBs) or debt guaranteed by the sovereign. As of December 31, 2010, all of the Greek banks were current on their obligations to us. While these financial institutions have significant investments in GGBs, as of December 31, 2010, we believed that these institutions would be solvent even if there were a future restructuring of GGBs and they would have the ability to meet their obligations to us. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, we had the intent to hold these investments to recovery in value. As a result, we did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment for these investments as of December 31, 2010.

Since December 31, 2010, Greece has remained under pressure, which has also continued to weigh on the Greek banks. Skepticism over the rigor of the capital stress tests applied by the CEBS in July 2010 has grown, especially as further problems have developed in the capital of the Irish banks. On February 18, 2011, NBG announced its proposal for a “friendly merger” with Alpha Bank, but Alpha Bank rejected this proposal. However, this proposal highlighted risks that accompany consolidation among the top three banks in Greece. While the proposal could have created a national champion in Greek banking, it also would have concentrated ownership of GGBs in the combined entity and formed a very low-rated entity among our top ten largest investment holdings. Two rating agencies downgraded the Greek banks subsequent to downgrading the sovereign during the first quarter of 2011 (on January 17, 2011, and March 9, 2011). In the latter action, the rating agency lowered the ratings indicative of the banks’ intrinsic financial strength due to the persistent pressure on liquidity, asset quality and material exposure to GGBs. In light of the above increased risks and, in particular, the March 9, 2011 downgrade, we no longer supported our previous intent to hold our Greek bank investments to recovery in value. In March 2011, we sold one of our Greek bank holdings, Alpha Bank, and recognized an investment loss of $177 million ($115 million after-tax). For the quarter ended March 31, 2011, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment losses of $397 million ($258 million after-tax) for the remaining two Greek bank holdings. In April 2011, we sold one of these holdings, our investment in EFG Eurobank Ergasias for $2 million more than its recorded impaired value.

Portugal

As of March 31, 2011, four securities issued by three Portugal financial institutions with total amortized cost of $842 million and fair value of $405 million were rated below investment grade. We believe that the below-investment-grade ratings and unrealized loss position are the result of the fiscal problems in the Eurozone region, rather than the banks’ specific credit profiles. As of March 31, 2011, these banks were current on their obligations to us, were profitable and had adequate Tier 1 capital ratios. We believe that Portugal’s financial institutions are stronger than their other Eurozone peers and have not required

 

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much state support. It is difficult to separate the difficulties of the sovereign from the bank since the bank’s sources of liquidity are limited due to the financial situation of the sovereign. We believe the government of Portugal has exercised more prudent fiscal policies and is in a better financial situation than some of its other Eurozone peers. As a result, we believe they have the ability to meet their obligations to us. In addition, as of March 31, 2011, we had the intent to hold these investments to recovery in value. As a result, we did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment for these investments as of March 31, 2011.

With the exception of the securities discussed above, all other securities included in the table above were rated investment grade as of March 31, 2011.

Derisking

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2011, we pursued strategic investment activities to lower the risk profile of our investment portfolio. Our focus was on reducing our exposure to large concentrated investment positions, which overlapped with efforts to reduce our exposure to investments in Greece and Ireland, as discussed above, and certain financial issuers. As a result of the efforts to reduce large concentrated positions, we sold certain dollar-denominated, available-for-sale securities holdings of issuers that exceeded 10% of total adjusted capital (TAC) on a statutory accounting basis. These sales resulted in a pretax net gain of $8 million ($5 million after-tax). Other sales of securities from financial issuers and other entities resulting from our derisking strategy generated an additional pretax net gain of $6 million ($4 million after-tax).

Realized Investment Gains and Losses

Information regarding pretax realized gains and losses from investments is as follows:

 

      Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(In millions)        2011             2010      

Realized investment gains (losses) on securities:

    

Debt securities:

    

Available for sale:

    

Gross gains from sales

   $ 26      $ 51   

Gross losses from sales

     (187     (80

Net gains (losses) from redemptions

     7        0   

Other-than-temporary impairment losses

     (404     0   

Total debt securities

     (558     (29

Perpetual securities:

    

Available for sale:

    

Gross gains from sales

     6        8   

Gross losses from sales

     (2     0   

Other-than-temporary impairment losses

     0        (41

Total perpetual securities

     4        (33

Equity securities:

    

Other-than-temporary impairment losses

     (1     (1

Total equity securities

     (1     (1

Other assets:

    

Derivative gains (losses)

     (30     17   

Other long-term assets

     6        0   

Total other assets

     (24     17   

Total realized investment gains (losses)

   $ (579   $ (46
                  

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2011, we realized pretax investment losses of $405 million ($263 million after-tax) as a result of the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses. We also realized pretax investment losses, net of gains, of $161 million ($105 million after-tax) from securities sold as a result of an implemented plan to reduce the risk exposure in our investment portfolio (see the Investment Concentrations section above for more information). We realized pretax investment losses, net of gains, of $30 million ($19 million after-tax) from valuing derivatives. We realized pretax investment gains of $11 million ($7 million after-tax) for sales and redemptions in the normal course of business and pretax gains of $6 million ($4 million after-tax) for other securities transactions.

 

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During the three-month period ended March 31, 2010, we realized pretax investment losses of $42 million ($27 million after-tax) as a result of the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses. We also realized pretax investment losses, net of gains, of $21 million ($14 million after-tax) from securities sold or redeemed in the normal course of business. We realized pretax investment gains of $17 million ($11 million after-tax) from valuing foreign currency, interest rate and credit default swaps related to certain VIEs which we consolidated.

Other-than-temporary Impairment

The fair value of our debt and perpetual security investments fluctuates based on changes in credit spreads in the global financial markets. Credit spreads are most impacted by market rates of interest, the general and specific credit environment and global market liquidity. We believe that fluctuations in the fair value of our investment securities related to changes in credit spreads have little bearing on whether our investment is ultimately recoverable. Therefore, we consider such declines in fair value to be temporary even in situations where an investment remains in an unrealized loss position for a year or more.

However, in the course of our credit review process, we may determine that it is unlikely that we will recover our investment in an issuer due to factors specific to an individual issuer, as opposed to general changes in global credit spreads. In this event, we consider such a decline in the investment’s fair value, to the extent below the investment’s cost or amortized cost, to be an other-than-temporary impairment of the investment and write the investment down to its fair value. The determination of whether an impairment is other than temporary is subjective and involves the consideration of various factors and circumstances, which includes but is not limited to the following:

 

   

issuer financial condition, including profitability and cash flows

 

   

credit status of the issuer

 

   

the issuer’s specific and general competitive environment

 

   

published reports

 

   

general economic environment

 

   

regulatory, legislative and political environment

 

   

the severity of the decline in fair value

 

   

the length of time the fair value is below cost

 

   

other factors as may become available from time to time

In addition to the usual investment risk associated with a debt instrument, our perpetual security holdings may be subject to the risk of nationalization of their issuers in connection with capital injections from an issuer’s sovereign government. We cannot be assured that such capital support will extend to all levels of an issuer’s capital structure. In addition, certain governments or regulators may consider imposing interest and principal payment restrictions on issuers of hybrid securities to preserve cash and build capital. In addition to the cash flow impact that additional deferrals would have on our portfolio, such deferrals could result in ratings downgrades of the affected securities, which in turn could impair the fair value of the securities and increase our regulatory capital requirements. We take factors such as these into account in our credit review process.

Another factor we consider in determining whether an impairment is other than temporary is an evaluation of our intent or requirement to sell the security prior to recovery of its amortized cost. We perform ongoing analyses of our liquidity needs, which includes cash flow testing of our policy liabilities, debt maturities, projected dividend payments and other cash flow and liquidity needs. Our cash flow testing includes extensive duration matching of our investment portfolio and policy liabilities. Based on our analyses, we have concluded that we have sufficient excess cash flows to meet our liquidity needs without liquidating any of our investments prior to their maturity. In addition, provided that our credit review process results in a conclusion that we will collect all of our cash flows and recover our investment in an issuer and the investment is within our target investment risk exposure limits, we generally do not sell investments prior to their maturity.

The majority of our investments are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment using our debt impairment model. Our debt impairment model focuses on the ultimate collection of the cash flows from our investments. Our investments in perpetual securities that are rated below investment grade are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment under our equity impairment model. Our equity impairment model focuses on the severity of a security’s decline in fair value coupled with the length of time the fair value of the security has been below amortized cost.

 

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The following table details our pretax other-than-temporary impairment losses by investment category.

 

      Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(In millions)    2011      2010  

Perpetual securities

   $ 0       $ 41   

Corporate bonds

     397         0   

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     6         0   

Municipalities

     1         0   

Equity securities

     1         1   

Total other-than-temporary impairment losses realized

   $ 405       $ 42   
   

      We apply the debt security impairment model to our perpetual securities provided there has been no evidence of deterioration in credit of the issuer, such as a downgrade of the rating of a perpetual security to below investment grade. As of March 31, 2011, the perpetual securities of eight issuers we own had been downgraded to below investment grade. As a result of these downgrades, we were required to evaluate these securities for other-than-temporary impairment using the equity security impairment model rather than the debt security impairment model. Use of the equity security model limits the forecasted recovery period that can be used in the impairment evaluation and, accordingly, affects both the recognition and measurement of other-than-temporary impairment losses. As a result of market conditions and the extent of changes in ratings on our perpetual securities, we recognized other-than-temporary impairment losses for perpetual securities from evaluation under our equity impairment model of $41 million ($27 million after-tax) during the three-month period ended March 31, 2010. We did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses for perpetual securities from evaluation under our equity impairment model during the three-month period ended March 31, 2011.

Certain of our mortgage- and asset-backed securities have had other-than-temporary impairments recognized that had credit-related and non-credit-related components. The following table summarizes cumulative credit-related impairment losses on the securities still held at the end of the reporting period, for which other-than-temporary losses have been recognized and only the amount related to credit loss was recognized in earnings.

 

      Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(In millions)        2011             2010      

Cumulative credit loss impairments, beginning of period

   $ 13      $ 24     

Securities sold during period

     (9     (1)    

Cumulative credit loss impairments, end of period

   $ 4      $ 23     
                  

Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses

Effect on Shareholders’ Equity

The net effect on shareholders’ equity of unrealized gains and losses from investment securities was as follows:

 

(In millions)    March 31,
2011
    December 31,
2010
 

Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale

   $ (108   $ (61)       

Unamortized unrealized gains on securities transferred to held to maturity

     100        135        

Deferred income taxes

     (8     (41)       

Shareholders’ equity, unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities

   $ (16   $ 33        
                  

Gross Unrealized Loss Aging

The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, including the portion of other-than-temporary impairment recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, of our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

 

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      March 31, 2011  
      Total      Less than 12 months      12 months or longer  
(In millions)    Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized  
Losses  
 

Fixed maturities:

                 

U.S. government and agencies:

                 

Dollar-denominated

   $ 105       $ 1       $ 105       $ 1       $ 0       $ 0     

Japan government and agencies:

                 

Yen-denominated

     7,400         115         7,400         115         0         0     

Municipalities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     657         36         607         23         50         13     

Yen-denominated

     271         9         216         4         55         5     

Mortgage- and asset- backed securities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     30         1         15         0         15         1     

Yen-denominated

     424         13         35         0         389         13     

Public utilities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     913         47         855         40         58         7     

Yen-denominated

     4,460         263         2,216         48         2,244         215     

Sovereign and supranational:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     73         4         41         2         32         2     

Yen-denominated

     2,072         143         987         26         1,085         117     

Banks/financial institutions:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     1,153         74         442         20         711         54     

Yen-denominated

     10,193         1,586         2,115         62         8,078         1,524     

Other corporate:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     2,371         97         2,040         69         331         28     

Yen-denominated

     5,106         569         1,545         88         3,561         481     

Total fixed maturities

     35,228         2,958         18,619         498         16,609         2,460     

Perpetual securities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     214         23         122         3         92         20     

Yen-denominated

     3,412         477         753         75         2,659         402     

Total perpetual securities

     3,626         500         875         78         2,751         422     

Equity securities

     7         1         7         0         0         1     

Total

   $ 38,861       $ 3,459       $ 19,501       $ 576       $ 19,360       $ 2,883     
                                                       

 

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Table of Contents
      December 31, 2010  
      Total      Less than 12 months      12 months or longer  
(In millions)    Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
    Value    
     Unrealized  
Losses  
 

Fixed maturities:

                 

Japan government and agencies:

                 

Yen-denominated

   $ 1,634       $ 18       $ 1,634       $ 18       $ 0       $ 0            

Municipalities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     682         42         632         28         50         14            

Yen-denominated

     59         2         0         0         59         2            

Mortgage- and asset- backed securities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     78         13         20         0         58         13            

Yen-denominated

     415         15         415         15         0         0            

Public utilities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     556         36         498         28         58         8            

Yen-denominated

     2,877         200         766         47         2,111         153            

Sovereign and supranational:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     45         2         12         0         33         2            

Yen-denominated

     1,579         77         428         1         1,151         76            

Banks/financial institutions:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     1,484         108         753         22         731         86            

Yen-denominated

     10,609         1,703         1,506         40         9,103         1,663            

Other corporate:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     1,741         79         1,456         52         285         27            

Yen-denominated

     4,503         503         507         45         3,996         458            

Total fixed maturities

     26,262         2,798         8,627         296         17,635         2,502            

Perpetual securities:

                 

Dollar-denominated

     208         30         149         19         59         11            

Yen-denominated

     4,171         533         1,793         119         2,378         414            

Total perpetual securities

     4,379         563         1,942         138         2,437         425            

Equity securities

     13         2         13         1         0         1            

Total

   $ 30,654       $ 3,363       $ 10,582       $ 435       $ 20,072       $ 2,928            
   

Analysis of Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions

The unrealized losses on our investments have been primarily related to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates or the widening of credit spreads rather than specific issuer credit-related events. In addition, because we do not intend to sell and do not believe it is likely that we will be required to sell these investments before a recovery of fair value to amortized cost, we do not consider any of these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2011. The following summarizes our evaluation of investment categories with significant unrealized losses and securities that were rated below investment grade. All other investment categories with securities in an unrealized loss position that are not specifically discussed below were comprised of investment grade fixed maturities.

 

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Municipalities and Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities

As of March 31, 2011, 83% of the unrealized losses on investment securities in the municipalities sector and 93% of the unrealized losses on investment securities in the mortgage- and asset-backed securities sector were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 82% and 54%, respectively, at December 31, 2010. We have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in these sectors were caused by widening credit spreads. However, we have determined that the ability of the issuers to service our investments has not been compromised. Unrealized gains or losses related to prevailing interest rate environments are impacted by the remaining time to maturity of an investment. Assuming no credit-related factors develop, as investments near maturity the unrealized gains or losses can be expected to diminish.

Bank and Financial Institution Investments

The following table shows the composition of our investments in an unrealized loss position in the bank and financial institution sector by fixed-maturity securities and perpetual securities. The table reflects those securities in that sector that were in an unrealized loss position as a percentage of our total investment portfolio in an unrealized loss position and their respective unrealized losses as a percentage of total unrealized losses.

 

      March 31, 2011   December 31, 2010        
      Percentage of
Total Investments in
an Unrealized Loss
Position
  Percentage of
Total
Unrealized
Losses
  Percentage of
Total Investments in
an Unrealized Loss
Position
  Percentage of
        Total        
Unrealized
        Losses        

Fixed maturities

    29  %   48  %   39  %   54  %  

Perpetual securities:

        

Upper Tier II

   5       9       9      10        

Tier I

   4       6       5      7      

Total perpetual securities

   9       15         14       17        

Total

    38  %   63  %   53 %   71   %  
                  

As of March 31, 2011, 59% of the $2.2 billion in unrealized losses on investments in the bank and financial institution sector, including perpetual securities, were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 53% at December 31, 2010. Of the $15.0 billion in investments, at fair value, in the bank and financial institution sector in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2011, only $1.4 billion ($.9 billion in unrealized losses) were below investment grade. Five investments comprised nearly 82% of the $.9 billion unrealized loss. The remaining investments that comprised the unrealized loss were divided among eight issuers with average unrealized losses per investment of less than $20 million. We conduct our own independent credit analysis for investments in the bank and financial sector. Our assessment includes analysis of financial information, as well as consultation with the issuers from time to time. Based on our credit analysis, we have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in this sector were caused by widening credit spreads, the downturn in the global economic environment and, to a lesser extent, changes in foreign exchange rates. Unrealized gains or losses related to prevailing interest rate environments are impacted by the remaining time to maturity of an investment. Assuming no credit-related factors develop, as investments near maturity, the unrealized gains or losses can be expected to diminish. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.

Other Corporate Investments

As of March 31, 2011, 67% of the unrealized losses on investments in the other corporate sector were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 51% at December 31, 2010. For any credit-related declines in market value, we perform a more focused review of the related issuer’s credit ratings, financial statements and other available financial data, timeliness of payment, competitive environment and any other significant data related to the issuer. From those reviews, we evaluate the issuers’ continued ability to service our investments. We have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in the other corporate sector were caused by widening credit spreads. Also impacting the unrealized losses in this sector is the decline in creditworthiness of certain issuers in the other corporate sector. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligation to us.

 

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Perpetual Securities

At March 31, 2011, 84% of the unrealized losses on investments in perpetual securities were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 83% at December 31, 2010. The majority of our investments in Upper Tier II and Tier I perpetual securities were in highly rated global financial institutions. Upper Tier II securities have more debt-like characteristics than Tier I securities and are senior to Tier I securities, preferred stock, and common equity of the issuer. Conversely, Tier I securities have more equity-like characteristics, but are senior to the common equity of the issuer. They may also be senior to certain preferred shares, depending on the individual security, the issuer’s capital structure and the regulatory jurisdiction of the issuer.

Details of our holdings of perpetual securities were as follows:

Perpetual Securities

            March 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
(In millions)   

Credit

Rating

   Amortized
Cost
     Fair
Value
     Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
    Amortized
Cost
     Fair
Value
     Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 

Upper Tier II:

                   
  

AA

   $ 188       $ 201       $ 13      $ 190       $ 201       $ 11   
  

A

     3,154         3,162         8        3,279         3,250         (29
  

BBB

     1,321         1,251         (70     1,274         1,164         (110
  

BB or lower

     458         389         (69     542         476         (66

  Total Upper Tier II

          5,121         5,003         (118     5,285         5,091         (194

Tier I:

                   
  

A

     586         525         (61     632         568         (64
  

BBB

     1,491         1,420         (71     1,386         1,296         (90
  

BB or lower

     385         420         35        524         557         33   

  Total Tier I

          2,462         2,365         (97     2,542         2,421         (121

  Total

      $ 7,583       $ 7,368       $ (215   $ 7,827       $ 7,512       $ (315
                                                           

With the exception of the Icelandic bank securities that we completely impaired in 2008, our Lloyds Banking Group plc dollar-denominated Tier I perpetual securities (par value of $33 million at March 31, 2011), and our RBS Capital Trust II dollar-denominated Tier I perpetual security (par value of $38 million at March 31, 2011), all of the perpetual securities we own were current on interest and principal payments at March 31, 2011. In April 2011, we sold the RBS Capital Trust II perpetual security. Based on amortized cost as of March 31, 2011, the geographic breakdown of our perpetual securities by issuer was as follows: European countries, excluding the United Kingdom, (72%); the United Kingdom (9%); Japan (13%); and other (6%). To determine any credit-related declines in market value, we perform a more focused review of the related issuer’s credit ratings, financial statements and other available financial data, timeliness of payment, competitive environment and any other significant data related to the issuer. From those reviews, we evaluate the issuer’s continued ability to service our investment.

We have determined that the majority of our unrealized losses in the perpetual security category has been principally due to widening credit spreads, largely as the result of the contraction of liquidity in the capital markets, however there was some credit tightening in the first quarter of 2011 that improved our net unrealized loss position. Based on our reviews, we concluded that the ability of the issuers to service our investment has not been compromised by these factors. Unrealized gains or losses related to prevailing interest rate environments are impacted by the remaining time to maturity of an investment. Assuming no credit-related factors develop, as the investments near economic maturity, the unrealized gains or losses can be expected to diminish. Based on our credit analyses, we believe that our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligation to us.

 

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Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)

As discussed in Note 1, effective January 1, 2010, we have consolidated all of the components of each former QSPE investment, including a fixed-maturity or perpetual investment and a corresponding derivative transaction. Our risk of loss over the life of each investment is limited to the amount of our original investment. In addition, new criteria for determining the primary beneficiary of a VIE that was effective January 1, 2010, resulted in the consolidation of additional VIE investments. The following table details our investments in VIEs.

Investments in Variable Interest Entities

      March 31, 2011     December 31, 2010      
(In millions)    Amortized
Cost
    Fair
Value
    Amortized
Cost
     Fair
Value  
 

VIEs:

         

Consolidated:

         

  Total VIEs consolidated

   $ 7,154      $ 7,235      $ 7,201       $ 7,363     

Not consolidated:

         

CDOs

     5        5        5         5     

Other

     13,117        13,068        13,914         13,214     

  Total VIEs not consolidated

     13,122        13,073        13,919         13,219     

  Total VIEs

   $ 20,276      $     20,308      $ 21,120       $ 20,582     
                                   

 

As a condition to our involvement or investment in a VIE, we enter into certain protective rights and covenants that preclude changes in the structure of the VIE that would alter the creditworthiness of our investment or our beneficial interest in the VIE.

Our involvement with all of the VIEs in which we have an interest is passive in nature, and we are not the arranger of these entities. Except as relates to our review and evaluation of the structure of these VIEs in the normal course of our investment decision-making process, we have not been involved in establishing these entities. Further, we have not been nor are we required to purchase the securities issued in the future by any of these VIEs.

Our ownership interest in the VIEs is limited to holding the obligations issued by them. All of the VIEs in which we invest are static with respect to funding and have no ongoing forms of funding after the initial funding date. We have no direct or contingent obligations to fund the limited activities of these VIEs, nor do we have any direct or indirect financial guarantees related to the limited activities of these VIEs. We have not provided any assistance or any other type of financing support to any of the VIEs we invest in, nor do we have any intention to do so in the future. The weighted-average lives of our notes are very similar to the underlying collateral held by these VIEs where applicable.

Our risk of loss related to our interests in any of our VIEs is limited to our investment in the debt securities issued by them.

VIEs-Consolidated

We are substantively the only investor in the consolidated VIEs listed in the table above. As the sole investor in these VIEs, we have the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and are therefore considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs that we consolidate. We also participate in substantially all of the variability created by these VIEs. The activities of these VIEs are limited to holding debt and perpetual securities and interest rate, foreign currency, and/or credit default swaps, as appropriate, and utilizing the cash flows from these securities to service our investment. Neither we nor any of our creditors are able to obtain the underlying collateral of the VIEs unless there is an event of default. Further, we are not a direct counterparty to the swap contracts and have no control over them. Our loss exposure to these VIEs is limited to our original investment.

The underlying collateral assets and funding of these VIEs are generally static in nature. These VIEs are limited to holding the underlying collateral and CDS contracts on specific corporate entities and utilizing the cash flows from the

 

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collateral and CDS contracts to service our investment therein. The underlying collateral and the reference corporate entities covered by the CDS contracts are all investment grade at the time of issuance. These VIEs do not rely on outside or ongoing sources of funding to support their activities beyond the underlying collateral and CDS contracts. We currently own only senior CDO tranches within these VIEs.

Consistent with our other debt and perpetual securities we own, we are exposed to credit losses within these CDOs that could result in principal losses to our investments. We have mitigated our risk of credit loss through the structure of the VIE, which contractually requires the subordinated tranches within these VIEs to absorb the majority of the expected losses from the underlying credit default swaps. Based on our statistical analysis models, each of the VIEs can sustain a reasonable number of defaults in the underlying CDS pools with no loss to our investment.

VIEs-Not Consolidated

With the exception of one CDO investment, the VIEs that we are not required to consolidate are investments that are limited to loans in the form of debt obligations from the VIEs that are irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed by their corporate parents. These VIEs are the primary financing vehicle used by their corporate sponsors to raise financing in the international capital markets. The variable interests created by these VIEs are principally or solely a result of the debt instruments issued by them. We do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, nor do we have (1) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or (2) the right to receive benefits from the entity. As such, we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and are therefore not required to consolidate them. These VIE investments are comprised of securities from 169 separate issuers which have an average credit rating of A.

Securities Lending

We lend fixed-maturity securities to financial institutions in short-term security-lending transactions. These short-term security-lending arrangements increase investment income with minimal risk. Our security lending policy requires that the fair value of the securities and/or unrestricted cash received as collateral be 102% or more of the fair value of the loaned securities. The following table presents our security loans outstanding and the corresponding collateral held:

 

(In millions)   

March 31,    

2011  

    

December 31,    

2010  

 

Security loans outstanding, fair value

   $     238               $ 186           

Cash collateral on loaned securities

     244                 191           
                   

All security lending agreements are callable by us at any time.

4.   DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes, nor do we engage in leveraged derivative transactions. The majority of our freestanding derivatives are interest rate, foreign currency and credit default swaps that are associated with investments in special-purpose entities, including VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary. The remaining derivatives are interest rate swaps associated with our variable interest rate yen-denominated debt.

Derivative Types

Interest rate and credit default swaps involve the periodic exchange of cash flows with other parties, at specified intervals, calculated using agreed upon rates or other financial variables and notional principal amounts. Generally, no cash or principal payments are exchanged at the inception of the contract. Typically, at the time a swap is entered into, the cash flow streams exchanged by the counterparties are equal in value. Interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts on floating-rate fixed-maturity securities contracts to fixed rates. These derivatives are predominantly used to better match cash receipts from assets with cash disbursements required to fund liabilities.

Credit default swaps are used to assume credit risk related to an individual security or an index. These contracts entitle the consolidated VIE to receive a periodic fee in exchange for an obligation to compensate the derivative counterparty should the referenced security issuers experience a credit event, as defined in the contract. The consolidated VIE is also exposed to credit risk due to embedded derivatives associated with credit-linked notes.

Foreign currency swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange rate. There may also be a periodic exchange of payments at specified intervals based on the agreed upon rates and notional amounts. Foreign currency swaps are used primarily in

 

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the consolidated VIEs in our Aflac Japan portfolio to convert foreign denominated cash flows to yen, the functional currency of Aflac Japan, in order to minimize cash flow fluctuations.

Credit Risk Assumed through Derivatives

Our exposure to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our interest rate swaps associated with our variable interest rate Uridashi notes as of March 31, 2011, was immaterial. For the interest rate, foreign currency, and credit default swaps associated with our VIE investments for which we are the primary beneficiary, we do not bear the risk of loss for counterparty default. We are not a direct counterparty to those contracts.

As a result of consolidation of certain VIE investments on January 1, 2010, we began recognizing related credit default swaps that assume credit risk from an asset pool. Those consolidated VIEs will receive periodic payments based on an agreed upon rate and notional amount and will only make a payment by delivery of associated collateral, which consists of highly rated asset-backed securities, if there is a credit event. A credit event payment will typically be equal to the notional value of the swap contract less the value of the referenced obligations. A credit event is generally defined as a default on contractually obligated interest or principal payments or bankruptcy of the referenced entity. The credit default swaps in which the consolidated VIE assumes credit risk primarily reference investment grade baskets. The diversified portfolios of corporate issuers are established within sector concentration limits.

The following tables present the maximum potential risk, fair value, weighted-average years to maturity, and underlying referenced credit obligation type for credit default swaps.

 

     March 31, 2011  
    

Less than

one year

   

One to

three years

   

Three to

five years

   

Five to

ten years

    Total  
(In millions)  

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
 

Index exposure:

  

                 

Corporate bonds

  $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ (340   $ (110   $ (416   $ (228   $ (756   $ (338
                                                                                 

 

     December 31, 2010  
    

Less than

one year

   

One to

three years

   

Three to

five years

   

Five to

ten years

    Total  
(In millions)  

Maximum

potential

risk

   

Estimated

fair value

   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
   

Maximum

potential

risk

    Estimated
fair value
 

Index exposure:

  

                 

Corporate bonds

  $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ 0      $ (340   $ (118   $ (416   $ (225   $ (756   $ (343
                                                                                 

Derivative Balance Sheet Classification

The tables below summarize the balance sheet classification of our derivative fair value amounts, as well as the gross asset and liability fair value amounts. The fair value amounts presented do not include income accruals. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated. Notional amounts are not reflective of credit risk.

 

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      March 31, 2011  
(In millions)            Net Derivatives              Asset
    Derivatives    
     Liability
    Derivatives    
 
Hedge Designation/
Derivative Type
   Notional
        Amount        
             Fair Value                      Fair Value                      Fair Value          

Cash flow hedges:

           

Interest rate swaps

         $ 241                 $ (1)                 $ 0                 $ (1)       

Foreign currency swaps

           575                   53                    82                   (29)       

Total cash flow hedges

           816                   52                    82                   (30)       

Non-qualifying strategies:

           

Interest rate swaps

           743                   52                    114                   (62)       

Foreign currency swaps

           3,905                   (36)                   250                   (286)       

Credit default swaps

           756                   (338)                   0                   (338)       

Total non-qualifying strategies

           5,404                   (322)                   364                   (686)       

Total cash flow hedges and non-qualifying strategies

         $ 6,220                 $ (270)                 $ 446                 $ (716)       
                                     

Balance Sheet Location

                                   

Other assets

         $ 2,264                 $ 446                  $ 446                 $ 0        

Other liabilities

           3,956                   (716)                   0                   (716)       

Total derivatives

         $ 6,220                 $ (270)                 $ 446                 $ (716)       
                                     
           
      December 31, 2010  
(In millions)            Net Derivatives              Asset
    Derivatives     
     Liability
    Derivatives     
 
Hedge Designation/
Derivative Type
  

Notional

        Amount        

             Fair Value                      Fair Value                      Fair Value          

Cash flow hedges:

           

Interest rate swaps

         $ 245                 $ (2)                 $ 0                 $ (2)       

Foreign currency swaps

           615                   170                    180                   (10)       

Total cash flow hedges

           860                   168                    180                   (12)       

Non-qualifying strategies:

           

Interest rate swaps

           743                   56                    124                   (68)       

Foreign currency swaps

           3,815                   (58)                   260                   (318)       

Credit default swaps

           756                   (343)                   0                   (343)       

Total non-qualifying strategies

           5,314                   (345)                   384                   (729)       

Total cash flow hedges and non-qualifying strategies

         $ 6,174                 $ (177)                 $ 564                 $ (741)       
                                     

Balance Sheet Location

                                   

Other assets

         $ 2,364                 $ 564                  $ 564                 $ 0        

Other liabilities

           3,810                   (741)                   0                   (741)       

Total derivatives

         $ 6,174                 $ (177)                 $ 564                 $ (741)       
                                     

Hedging

Certain of our consolidated VIEs have interest rate and/or foreign currency swaps that qualify for hedge accounting treatment. For those that have qualified, we have designated the derivative as a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction or of amounts to be received or paid related to a recognized asset (“cash flow” hedge). We expect to continue this hedging activity for a weighted-average period of approximately 25 years. The remaining derivatives in our consolidated VIEs that have not qualified for hedge accounting have been designated as held for other investment purposes (“non-qualifying strategies”).

 

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We have interest rate swap agreements related to the 20 billion yen variable interest rate Uridashi notes (see Note 6). By entering into these contracts, we have been able to lock in the interest rate at 1.52% in yen. We have designated these interest rate swaps as a hedge of the variability in our interest cash flows associated with the variable interest rate Uridashi notes. The notional amounts and terms of the swaps match the principal amount and terms of the variable interest rate Uridashi notes. The swaps had no value at inception. Changes in the fair value of the swap contracts are recorded in other comprehensive income so long as the hedge is deemed effective. Should any portion of the hedge be deemed ineffective, that value would be reported in net earnings.

Hedge Documentation and Effectiveness Testing

To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated changes in cash flow of the hedged item. At hedge inception, we formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. The documentation process includes linking derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the statement of financial position or to specific forecasted transactions and defining the effectiveness and ineffectiveness testing methods to be used. We also formally assess both at the hedge’s inception and ongoing on a quarterly basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been and are expected to continue to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of hedged items. Hedge effectiveness is assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods may include the comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item. Quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in cash flows associated with the hedge relationship. Hedge ineffectiveness of the hedge relationships is measured each reporting period using the “Hypothetical Derivative Method.”

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current earnings as a component of realized investment gains (losses). All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Discontinuance of Hedge Accounting

We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of a hedged item; (2) the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument; or (3) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.

When hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash-flow hedge, including those where the derivative is sold, terminated or exercised, amounts previously deferred in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings when earnings are impacted by the cash flow of the hedged item.

Cash Flow Hedges

The following tables present the components of the gain or loss on derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges:

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

 

(In millions)   

Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other Comprehensive Income

on Derivative (Effective Portion)

    Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)
Recognized in Income
on Derivative (Ineffective Portion)
 
     

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2011

   

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2011

 

Interest rate swaps

   $                1      $            0   

Foreign currency swaps

     (56     (4

Total

   $ (55   $ (4 ) 
                  

 

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Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

 

(In millions)    Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other Comprehensive  Income
on Derivative (Effective Portion)
   

Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)
Recognized in Income

on Derivative (Ineffective Portion)

 
      Three Months Ended
March 31, 2010
   

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2010

 

Interest rate swaps

   $ 1      $ 0   

Foreign currency swaps

     (11     (3

Total

   $ (10   $ (3
   

There was no gain or loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings related to our cash flow hedges for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010. As of March 31, 2011, pretax deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are immaterial.

Non-qualifying Strategies

For our derivative instruments in consolidated VIEs that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, all changes in their fair value are reported in current period earnings as net realized investment gains (losses). The following table presents the gain or loss recognized in income on non-qualifying strategies:

Non-qualifying Strategies

Gain (Loss) Recognized within Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

 

(In millions)    Three Months Ended
March 31, 2011
    Three Months Ended
March 31, 2010
 

Interest rate swaps

   $ (5   $ (5

Foreign currency swaps

     (29     4   

Credit default swaps

     5        21   

Other

     3        0   

Total

   $ (26   $ 20   
   

The amount of gain or loss recognized in earnings for our VIEs is attributable to the derivatives in those investment structures. While the change in value of the swaps is recorded through current period earnings, the change in value of the available-for-sale fixed income or perpetual securities associated with these swaps is recorded through other comprehensive income.

Nonderivative Hedges

Our primary exposure to be hedged is our net investment in Aflac Japan, which is affected by changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. To mitigate this exposure, we have taken the following courses of action. First, Aflac Japan maintains a portfolio of dollar-denominated securities, which serves as an economic currency hedge of a portion of our investment in Aflac Japan. The foreign exchange gains and losses related to this portfolio are taxable in Japan and the U.S. when the securities mature or are sold. Until maturity or sale, deferred tax expense or benefit associated with the foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.

Second, we have designated the Parent Company’s yen-denominated liabilities (Samurai and Uridashi notes and yen-denominated loans - see Note 6) as nonderivative hedges of the foreign currency exposure of our investment in Aflac Japan. Our net investment hedge was effective during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011, and 2010; therefore, there was no impact on net earnings during those periods for the foreign exchange effect of the designated Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities. There was no gain or loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings related to our net investment hedge for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2011 and 2010.

For additional information on our financial instruments, see the accompanying Notes 1, 3 and 5 and Notes 1, 3 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

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5.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We determine the fair values of our debt, derivative, perpetual and privately issued equity securities primarily using three pricing approaches or techniques: quoted market prices readily available from public exchange markets, a discounted cash flow (DCF) pricing model, and price quotes we obtain from outside brokers.

Our DCF pricing model incorporates an option adjusted spread and utilizes various market inputs we obtain from both active and inactive markets. The estimated fair values developed by the DCF pricing model is most sensitive to prevailing credit spreads, the level of interest rates (yields) and interest rate volatility. Prior to March 31, 2010, credit spreads were derived based on pricing data obtained from investment brokers and took into account the current yield curve, time to maturity and subordination levels for similar securities or classes of securities. Subsequent to March 31, 2010, credit spreads were derived from using a bond index to create a credit spread matrix which takes into account the current credit spread, ratings and remaining time to maturity, and subordination levels for securities that are included in the bond index. Our DCF pricing model is based on a widely used global bond index that is comprised of investments in active markets. The index provides a broad-based measure of global fixed-income bond market. This widely used bond index extensively covers bonds issued by European and American issuers, which account for the majority of bonds that we hold. We validate the reliability of the DCF pricing model periodically by using the model to price investments for which there are quoted market prices from active and inactive markets or, in the alternative, are quoted by our custodian for the same or similar securities.

The pricing data and market quotes we obtain from outside sources are reviewed internally for reasonableness. If a fair value appears unreasonable, the inputs are re-examined and the value is confirmed or revised.

In recent years, on the price quotes we obtain from outside brokers, we have noted a continued reduction in the availability of pricing data. This decline is due largely to a reduction in the overall number of sources providing pricing data. As a result, we have noted that available pricing data has become more volatile. The reduction in available pricing sources coupled with the increase in price volatility has increased the degree of management judgment required in the final determination of fair values. We assess the reasonableness of the pricing data we receive by comparing it to relevant market indices and other performance measurements.

Fair Value Hierarchy

GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. These two types of inputs create three valuation hierarchy levels. Level 1 valuations reflect quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 valuations reflect quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets or model-derived valuations in which all significant valuation inputs are observable in active markets. Level 3 valuations reflect valuations in which one or more of the significant valuation inputs are not observable in an active market. The vast majority of our financial instruments subject to the classification provisions of GAAP relate to our investment securities classified as securities available for sale in our investment portfolio. We determine the fair value of our securities available for sale using several sources or techniques based on the type and nature of the investment securities.

 

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The following tables present the fair value hierarchy levels of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 

      March 31, 2011  
(In millions)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets:

           

Fixed maturities:

           

Government and agencies

   $ 17,464       $ 644       $ 0       $ 18,108     

Municipalities

     0         986         0         986     

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     0         1,479         248         1,727     

Public utilities

     0         5,449         0         5,449     

Collateralized debt obligations

     0         0         5         5     

Sovereign and supranational

     0         2,175         0         2,175     

Banks/financial institutions

     0         7,774         420         8,194     

Other corporate

     0         13,674         0         13,674     

Total fixed maturities

     17,464         32,181         673         50,318     

Perpetual securities:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     0         7,023         0         7,023     

Other corporate

     0         345         0         345     

Total perpetual securities

     0         7,368         0         7,368     

Equity securities

     15         5         4         24     

Other assets:

           

Interest rate swaps

     0         114         0         114     

Foreign currency swaps

     0         136         196         332     

Total other assets

     0         250         196         446     

  Total assets

   $   17,479       $   39,804       $   873       $   58,156     
   

Liabilities:

           

Interest rate swaps

   $ 0       $ 63       $ 0       $ 63     

Foreign currency swaps

     0         245         70         315     

Credit default swaps

     0         0         338         338     

  Total liabilities

   $ 0       $ 308       $ 408       $ 716     
   

 

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      December 31, 2010  
(In millions)    Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets:

           

Fixed maturities:

           

Government and agencies

   $   16,534       $ 679       $ 0       $ 17,213     

Municipalities

     0         973         0         973     

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities

     0         1,539         267         1,806     

Public utilities

     0         5,369         0         5,369     

Collateralized debt obligations

     0         0         5         5     

Sovereign and supranational

     0         1,394         0         1,394     

Banks/financial institutions

     0         8,047         386         8,433     

Other corporate

     0         13,162         0         13,162     

Total fixed maturities

     16,534         31,163         658         48,355     

Perpetual securities:

           

Banks/financial institutions

     0         7,169         0         7,169     

Other corporate

     0         343         0         343     

Total perpetual securities

     0         7,512         0         7,512     

Equity securities

     14         5         4         23     

Other assets:

           

Interest rate swaps

     0         124         0         124     

Foreign currency swaps

     0         151         289         440     

Total other assets

     0         275         289         564     

  Total assets

   $   16,548       $   38,955       $   951       $   56,454     
   

Liabilities:

           

Interest rate swaps

   $ 0       $ 70       $ 0       $ 70     

Foreign currency swaps

     0         280         48         328     

Credit default swaps

     0         0         343         343     

  Total liabilities

   $ 0       $ 350       $