As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2008
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Key Energy Services, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
1381 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
04-2648081 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800 Houston, Texas 77010 (713) 651-4300 (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices) |
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Newton W. Wilson III Senior Vice President and General Counsel Key Energy Services, Inc. 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800 Houston, Texas 77010 (713) 651-4300 (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) |
Copies to: |
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Newton W. Wilson III Senior Vice President and General Counsel Key Energy Services, Inc. 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800 Houston, Texas 77010 Telephone: (713) 651-4300 Telecopy: (713) 651-4551 |
E. James Cowen Porter & Hedges, L.L.P. 1000 Main, 36th Floor Houston, Texas 77002 Telephone: (713) 226-6649 Telecopy: (713) 226-6249 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date hereof.
If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of each class of securities to be registered |
Amount to be registered |
Proposed maximum offering price per unit(1) |
Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1) |
Amount of registration fee(1) |
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83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 | $425,000,000 | 100% | $425,000,000 | $16,703 | ||||
Guarantees by certain subsidiaries of Key Energy Services, Inc.(2) | | | | (3) | ||||
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
TABLE OF ADDITIONAL REGISTRANTS*
The following subsidiaries of Key Energy Services, Inc. are co-registrants under this registration statement.
Name |
Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization |
I.R.S. Employer Identification Number |
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Key Electric Wireline Services, LLC | Delaware | 20-8125050 | ||
Key Energy Fishing & Rental Services, LLC | Texas | 20-8125758 | ||
Key Energy Pressure Pumping Services, LLC | Texas | 20-8125879 | ||
Key Energy Services, LLC | Texas | 20-8125567 | ||
Key Energy Services Mexico, Inc. | Delaware | 20-3874727 | ||
Key Energy Services (Mexico), LLC | Delaware | 20-4592429 | ||
Key Energy Shared Services, LLC | Texas | 52-2421148 | ||
Key Marine Services, LLC | Delaware | 26-1600399 | ||
Misr Key Energy Investments, LLC | Delaware | N/A | ||
Misr Key Energy Services, LLC | Delaware | 42-1537527 |
The name and address, including zip code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is Newton W. Wilson III, Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Key Energy Services, Inc., 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800, Houston, Texas 77010. The telephone number, including area code, of the agent for service for each of the co-registrants is (713) 651-4300.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not complete the exchange offer and issue these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 23, 2008
PROSPECTUS
Key Energy Services, Inc.
Offer to Exchange
$425,000,000 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014
that have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933
for any and all
$425,000,000 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014
This Exchange Offer will expire at 5:00 P.M.,
New York City time, on , 2008, unless extended
We are offering to exchange an aggregate principal amount of $425,000,000 of registered 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014, which we refer to as the exchange notes, for any and all of our original unregistered 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 that were issued in a private offering on November 29, 2007, which we refer to as the outstanding notes.
Terms of the Exchange Offer
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 11 for a discussion of risks you should consider in connection with the exchange offer.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2008.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 1 | |
NOTE REGARDING OUR FINANCIAL REPORTING PROCESS | 1 | |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION | 1 | |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY | 3 | |
RISK FACTORS | 11 | |
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES | 22 | |
THE EXCHANGE OFFER | 23 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 35 | |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 36 | |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 38 | |
BUSINESS | 75 | |
MANAGEMENT | 89 | |
INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS | 94 | |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 114 | |
STOCK OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT | 116 | |
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXCHANGE NOTES | 118 | |
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS | 166 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 167 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | 167 | |
EXPERTS | 167 | |
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | F-1 |
THIS PROSPECTUS IS PART OF A REGISTRATION STATEMENT WE FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE "SEC"). IN MAKING YOUR INVESTMENT DECISION, YOU SHOULD RELY ONLY ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, IN THE ACCOMPANYING LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OR THE INFORMATION TO WHICH WE HAVE REFERRED YOU. WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH ANY OTHER INFORMATION. IF YOU RECEIVE ANY UNAUTHORIZED INFORMATION, YOU MUST NOT RELY ON IT. THIS PROSPECTUS MAY ONLY BE USED WHERE IT IS LEGAL TO EXCHANGE THE OUTSTANDING NOTES. YOU SHOULD NOT ASSUME THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS ACCURATE AS OF ANY DATE OTHER THAN THE DATE ON THE FRONT COVER OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
This prospectus incorporates important business and financial information about us that is not included in or delivered with this document. This information is available to you without charge upon written or oral request to: Key Energy Services, Inc., 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800, Houston, Texas 77010, (713) 651-4300. The exchange offer is expected to expire on , 2008 and you must make your exchange decision by the expiration date. To obtain timely delivery, you must request the information no later than , 2008, or the date which is five business days before the expiration date of this exchange offer.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to statements of historical fact, this prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not historical in nature or that relate to future events and conditions are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. These "forward-looking statements" are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about the Company, our industry and management's beliefs and assumptions concerning future events and financial trends affecting our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, you can identify these statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "predicts," "projects," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. In evaluating these statements, you should carefully consider the information above as well as the risks outlined in "Risk Factors." Actual performance or results may differ materially and adversely.
We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus except as required by law. All of our written and oral forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and any other cautionary statements that may accompany such forward-looking statements.
NOTE REGARDING OUR FINANCIAL REPORTING PROCESS
The filing of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q with the SEC was delayed due to our restatement and financial reporting process for periods ending December 31, 2003, which began in March 2004. That process was completed on October 19, 2006. Our 2003 Financial and Informational Report on Form 8-K/A, filed with the SEC on October 26, 2006, included an audited 2003 consolidated balance sheet which presented our financial condition as of December 31, 2003 in accordance with GAAP. We did not present other consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP as we were unable to determine with sufficient certainty the appropriate period(s) in 2003 or before in which to record certain write-offs and write-downs that were identified in our restatement process. Our former registered public accounting firm expressed an unqualified opinion that the 2003 balance sheet fairly presented our financial condition as of December 31, 2003. The firm also audited the other financial statements presented in the 2003 Financial and Informational Report. It opined that the financial statements other than the 2003 balance sheet did not fairly present our financial condition or results of operations or cash flows for the periods covered in accordance with GAAP. Investors should refer to the 2003 Financial and Informational Report for a full description of the restatement and financial reporting process for periods prior to 2004. Investors are strongly cautioned not to rely on any of the financial statements contained in the 2003 Financial and Informational Report, other than the 2003 balance sheet, as fairly presenting, for the periods covered, our financial condition or our results of operations or cash flows, in accordance with GAAP. Any information set forth in the 2003 Financial and Informational Report that incorporates or discusses information contained in the financial statements is subject to the same caution. You also should not rely on any of our previously-filed Annual Reports on Form 10-K or Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the periods that ended prior to and including September 30, 2003.
We have completed and filed our prior annual and quarterly financial statements and are current in our reporting requirements with the SEC. See "Where You Can Find More Information."
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, and amendments to the foregoing reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, or at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
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You may request a copy of these filings, which we will provide to you at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address: Key Energy Services, Inc., 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800, Houston, Texas 77010, Attention: Vice President and Treasurer, telephone number: (713) 651-4300. Our website is located at www.keyenergy.com, and we expect to make our periodic reports and other information filed with or furnished to the SEC available free of charge through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports and other information are filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
We are filing a registration statement on Form S-4 to register with the SEC the exchange notes to be issued in exchange for the outstanding notes and guarantees thereof. This prospectus is part of that registration statement. As allowed by the SEC's rules, this prospectus does not contain all of the information you can find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. You should note that where we summarize in the prospectus the material terms of any contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, the summary information provided in the prospectus is less complete than the actual contract, agreement or document. You should refer to the exhibits filed to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or document.
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This summary provides a brief overview of certain information from this prospectus, but may not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read this entire prospectus before making an investment decision. You should carefully consider the information set forth under "Risk Factors." In addition, certain statements include forward-looking information which involve risks and uncertainties. Please read "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
In this prospectus, we use the term "outstanding notes" to refer to the 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 that were issued on November 29, 2007, and the term "exchange notes" to refer to the 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 that have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and are being offered in exchange for the outstanding notes as described in this prospectus. References to the "notes" in this prospectus include both the outstanding notes and the exchange notes. As used in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, "Key," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Key Energy Services, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Key Energy Services, Inc. is a Maryland corporation. We provide a complete range of well services to major oil companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies, including rig-based well maintenance, workover, well completion, and recompletion services, oilfield transportation services, pressure pumping services, fishing and rental services, and ancillary oilfield services. We believe that we are the leading onshore, rig-based well servicing contractor in the United States. We operate in most major oil and natural gas producing regions of the United States as well as internationally in Argentina and Mexico. We also have a technology development company based in Canada.
Key's principal executive office is located at 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800, Houston, Texas 77010. Our phone number is (713) 651-4300 and website address is www.keyenergy.com. Information on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
On November 29, 2007, we completed a private offering of $425.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes. As part of this private offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the outstanding notes in which we agreed, among other things, to deliver this prospectus to you and to use our reasonable best efforts to complete the exchange offer. The following is a summary of the exchange offer.
Outstanding Notes |
83/8% Senior Notes due 2014, which were issued on November 29, 2007. |
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Exchange Notes |
83/8% Senior Notes due 2014. The terms of the exchange notes are substantially identical to those terms of the outstanding notes, except that the transfer restrictions, registration rights and additional interest provisions relating to the outstanding notes do not apply to the exchange notes. |
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Exchange Offer |
We are offering to exchange up to $425.0 million aggregate principal amount of our exchange notes that have been registered under the Securities Act for an equal amount of our outstanding notes that have not been registered under the Securities Act to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement. |
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The exchange notes will evidence the same debt as the outstanding notes and will be issued under and be entitled to the benefits of the same indenture that governs the outstanding notes. Holders of the outstanding notes do not have any appraisal or dissenters' rights in connection with the exchange offer. Because the exchange notes will be registered, the exchange notes will not be subject to transfer restrictions, and holders of outstanding notes that have tendered and had their outstanding notes accepted in the exchange offer will have no registration rights. |
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Expiration Date |
The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2008, unless we decide to extend it. |
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Conditions to the Exchange Offer |
The exchange offer is subject to customary conditions, which we may waive. Please read "The Exchange OfferConditions to the Exchange Offer" for more information regarding the conditions to the exchange offer. |
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Procedures for Tendering Outstanding Notes |
Unless you comply with the procedures described under the caption "The Exchange OfferProcedures for TenderingGuaranteed Delivery," you must do one of the following on or prior to the expiration of the exchange offer to participate in the exchange offer: |
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tender your outstanding notes by sending the certificates for your outstanding notes, in proper form for transfer, a properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal, with any required signature guarantees, and all other documents required by the letter of transmittal, to The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as registrar and exchange agent, at the address listed under the caption "The Exchange OfferExchange Agent;" or |
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tender your outstanding notes by using the book-entry transfer procedures described below and transmitting a properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal, with any required signature guarantees, or an agent's message instead of the letter of transmittal, to the exchange agent. In order for a book-entry transfer to constitute a valid tender of your outstanding notes in the exchange offer, The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as registrar and exchange agent, must receive a confirmation of book-entry transfer of your outstanding notes into the exchange agent's account at The Depository Trust Company prior to the expiration of the exchange offer. For more information regarding the use of book-entry transfer procedures, including a description of the required agent's message, please read the discussion under the caption "The Exchange OfferProcedures for TenderingBook-Entry Transfer." |
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Guaranteed Delivery Procedures |
If you are a registered holder of the outstanding notes and wish to tender your outstanding notes in the exchange offer, but: |
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the outstanding notes are not immediately available, |
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time will not permit your outstanding notes or other required documents to reach the exchange agent before the expiration of the exchange offer, or |
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the procedure for book-entry transfer cannot be completed prior to the expiration of the exchange offer, |
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then you may tender outstanding notes by following the procedures described under the caption "The Exchange OfferProcedures for TenderingGuaranteed Delivery." |
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Special Procedures for Beneficial Owners |
If you are a beneficial owner whose outstanding notes are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee and you wish to tender your outstanding notes in the exchange offer, you should promptly contact the person in whose name the outstanding notes are registered and instruct that person to tender on your behalf. |
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If you wish to tender in the exchange offer on your own behalf, prior to completing and executing the letter of transmittal and delivering the certificates for your outstanding notes, you must either make appropriate arrangements to register ownership of the outstanding notes in your name or obtain a properly completed bond power from the person in whose name the outstanding notes are registered. |
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Withdrawal; Non-Acceptance |
You may withdraw any outstanding notes tendered in the exchange offer at any time prior to 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on , 2008. If we decide for any reason not to accept any outstanding notes tendered for exchange, the outstanding notes will be returned to the registered holder at our expense promptly after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer. In the case of outstanding notes tendered by book-entry transfer into the exchange agent's account at The Depository Trust Company, any withdrawn or unaccepted outstanding notes will be credited to the tendering holder's account at The Depository Trust Company. For further information regarding the withdrawal of tendered outstanding notes, please read "The Exchange OfferWithdrawal Rights. |
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U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations |
The exchange of the exchange notes for the outstanding notes in the exchange offer will not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Please read the discussion under the caption "Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations" for more information regarding the tax consequences to you of the exchange offer. |
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Use of Proceeds |
The issuance of the exchange notes will not provide us with any new proceeds. We are making this exchange offer solely to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement. |
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Fees and Expenses |
We will pay all of our expenses incident to the exchange offer. |
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Exchange Agent |
We have appointed The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. as exchange agent for the exchange offer. You can find the address, telephone number and fax number of the exchange agent under the caption "The Exchange OfferExchange Agent." |
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Resales of Exchange Notes |
Based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC, as set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties that are not related to us, we believe that the exchange notes you receive in the exchange offer may be offered for resale, resold or otherwise transferred by you without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act so long as: |
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the exchange notes are being acquired in the ordinary course of business; |
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you are not participating, do not intend to participate, and have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution of the exchange notes issued to you in the exchange offer; |
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you are not our affiliate; and |
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you are not a broker-dealer tendering outstanding notes acquired directly from us for your account. |
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The SEC has not considered this exchange offer in the context of a no-action letter, and we cannot assure you that the SEC would make similar determinations with respect to this exchange offer. If any of these conditions are not satisfied, or if our belief is not accurate, and you transfer any exchange notes issued to you in the exchange offer without delivering a resale prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act or without an exemption from registration of your exchange notes from those requirements, you may incur liability under the Securities Act. We will not assume, nor will we indemnify you against, any such liability. Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for outstanding notes, where the outstanding notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. Please read "Plan of Distribution." |
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Please read "The Exchange OfferResales of Exchange Notes" for more information regarding resales of the exchange notes. |
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Consequences of Failure to Exchange Your Outstanding Notes |
If you do not exchange your outstanding notes in this exchange offer, you will no longer be able to require us to register your outstanding notes under the Securities Act, except in the limited circumstances provided under the registration rights agreement. In addition, you will not be able to resell, offer to resell or otherwise transfer your outstanding notes unless we have registered the outstanding notes under the Securities Act, or unless you resell, offer to resell or otherwise transfer them under an exemption from the registration requirements of, or in a transaction not subject to, the Securities Act. For information regarding the consequences of not tendering your outstanding notes and our obligation to file a registration statement, please read "The Exchange OfferConsequences of Failure to Exchange Outstanding Securities" and "Description of the Exchange Notes." |
The exchange notes will be identical to the outstanding notes except that the exchange notes are registered under the Securities Act and will not have restrictions on transfer, registration rights or provisions for additional interest and will contain different administrative terms. The exchange notes will evidence the same debt as the outstanding notes, and the same indenture will govern the exchange notes and the outstanding notes.
The following summary contains basic information about the exchange notes and is not intended to be complete. It does not contain all the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of the exchange notes, please refer to the section of this prospectus entitled "Description of the Exchange Notes."
Issuer | Key Energy Services, Inc. | |||
Notes Offered | $425,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of its 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014. | |||
Maturity Date | December 1, 2014 | |||
Interest Payments | Each June 1 and December 1, beginning on June 1, 2008. | |||
Ranking | The exchange notes will be our general unsecured senior obligations. Accordingly, they will rank: | |||
| effectively subordinate to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness, including indebtedness under any senior secured credit facility, to the extent of the collateral securing such indebtedness; | |||
| effectively subordinate to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of any non-guarantor subsidiaries (other than indebtedness and other liabilities owed to us); | |||
| pari passu in right of payment to all of our existing and future senior indebtedness; and | |||
| senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness. |
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As of March 31, 2008, after giving effect to our acquisition of Western Drilling, LLC ("Western") in April 2008, we had total indebtedness of approximately $572.2 million, $425.0 million of which is the notes. | ||||
Subsidiary Guarantees | The exchange notes will be jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries. In the future, the guarantees may be released or terminated under certain circumstances. Each subsidiary guarantee will rank: | |||
| effectively subordinate to all existing and future secured indebtedness of the guarantor subsidiary, including its guarantee of indebtedness under any senior secured credit facility, to the extent of the collateral securing such indebtedness; | |||
| pari passu in right of payment to all existing and future senior indebtedness of the guarantor subsidiary; and | |||
| senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of the guarantor subsidiary. | |||
As of March 31, 2008, after giving effect to our acquisition of Western in April 2008, the guarantor subsidiaries had $47.1 million of outstanding indebtedness, excluding their guarantees of any senior secured credit facility and the notes, all of such indebtedness being in the form of capital leases and unsecured notes. | ||||
Optional Redemption | At any time prior to December 1, 2010, we may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the exchange notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at the redemption price set forth under "Description of the Exchange NotesOptional Redemption," if at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the exchange notes issued under the indenture remains outstanding immediately after such redemption and the redemption occurs within 180 days of the closing date of such equity offering. | |||
At any time prior to December 1, 2011, we may redeem the exchange notes, in whole or in part, at a "make whole" redemption price set forth under "Description of the Exchange NotesOptional Redemption." On and after December 1, 2011, we may redeem the exchange notes, in whole or in part, at the redemption prices set forth under "Description of the Exchange NotesOptional Redemption." | ||||
Change of Control | If a change of control occurs, we must offer to repurchase the exchange notes at the price set forth under "Description of the Exchange NotesRepurchase at the Option of HoldersChange of Control." |
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Certain Covenants | The indenture governing the exchange notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to: | |||
| sell assets; | |||
| pay dividends or make other distributions on capital stock or subordinated indebtedness; | |||
| make investments; | |||
| incur additional indebtedness or issue preferred stock; | |||
| create certain liens; | |||
| enter into agreements that restrict dividends or other payments from our restricted subsidiaries to us; | |||
| consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the assets of our company; | |||
| engage in transactions with affiliates; and | |||
| create unrestricted subsidiaries. | |||
These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications. In addition, substantially all of the covenants will terminate before the exchange notes mature if one of two specified ratings agencies assigns the exchange notes an investment grade rating in the future and no events of default exist under the indenture. Any covenants that cease to apply to us as a result of achieving an investment grade rating will not be restored, even if the credit rating assigned to the exchange notes later falls below an investment grade rating. See "Description of the Exchange NotesCertain Covenants." | ||||
Absence of Established Market for the Exchange Notes | There is currently no established market for the exchange notes. The exchange notes generally will be freely transferable but will also be new securities for which there will not initially be a market. Accordingly, we cannot assure you as to the development or liquidity of any market for the exchange notes. The exchange notes will be eligible for trading in the PORTALSM Market. We do not intend to apply for a listing of the exchange notes on any securities exchange or for the inclusion on any automated dealer quotation system. | |||
Use of Proceeds | We will not receive any proceeds from the exchange offer. |
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Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
The following table sets forth our historical consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the periods shown:
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Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
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(unaudited) |
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Ratio of earnings to fixed charges | 0.4 | 2.5 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 6.0 |
Although the Company emerged from an extended restatement and financial reporting process in September 2007, it is unable to provide complete audited financial information for periods prior to 2004. Therefore, the Company is not providing a ratio of earning to fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2003, because it is unable to provide financial statements for that period (except for the December 31, 2003 balance sheet) in accordance with GAAP. For more information, see "Note Regarding Our Financial Reporting Process" and "Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges."
Investing in the exchange notes involves substantial risk. Please read "Risk Factors," beginning on page 11 of this prospectus for a discussion of certain factors that you should consider before participating in the exchange offer.
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You should consider carefully the following risks, as well as the other information set forth in this prospectus, before deciding to participate in the exchange offer. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to pay the notes. In such case, you may lose all or part of your original investment.
Exchange OfferRelated Risk Factors
If you do not properly tender your outstanding notes, you will continue to hold unregistered outstanding notes and your ability to transfer those notes will be adversely affected.
We will only issue exchange notes in exchange for outstanding notes that you timely and properly tender. Therefore, you should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery of the outstanding notes and you should carefully follow the instructions on how to tender your outstanding notes. Neither we nor the exchange agent is required to tell you of any defects or irregularities with respect to your tender of outstanding notes. Please read "The Exchange OfferProcedures for Tendering" and "Description of the Exchange Notes."
If you do not exchange your outstanding notes for exchange notes in the exchange offer, you will continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer of your outstanding notes described in the legend on the certificates for your outstanding notes. In general, you may only offer or sell the outstanding notes if they are registered under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws, or offered and sold under an exemption from these requirements. We do not plan to register any sale of the outstanding notes under the Securities Act. For further information regarding the consequences of tendering your outstanding notes in the exchange offer, please read "The Exchange OfferConsequences of Failure to Exchange Outstanding Securities."
You may find it difficult to sell your exchange notes.
Although the exchange notes will trade in The PORTALSM Market and will be registered under the Securities Act, the exchange notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Because there is no public market for the exchange notes, you may not be able to resell them.
We cannot assure you that an active market will exist for the exchange notes or that any trading market that does develop will be liquid. If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of the exchange notes may be adversely affected. If a market for the exchange notes develops, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price. The trading market for the exchange notes may be adversely affected by:
Historically, the market for non-investment grade debt has been subject to substantial volatility in prices. The market for the exchange notes, if any, may be subject to similar volatility. Prospective investors in the exchange notes should be aware that they may be required to bear the financial risks of such investment for an indefinite period of time.
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Some holders who exchange their outstanding notes may be deemed to be underwriters.
If you exchange your outstanding notes in the exchange offer for the purpose of participating in a distribution of the exchange notes, you may be deemed to have received restricted securities and, if so, will be required to comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale transaction.
Debt and the Exchange NotesRelated Risk Factors
We have a holding company structure in which our subsidiaries conduct our operations and own our operating assets.
We are a holding company, and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make required payments on the notes depends on the performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. The ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us may be restricted by, among other things, any indebtedness of our subsidiaries, foreign currency controls and other applicable laws and regulations. If we are unable to obtain the funds necessary to pay the principal amount at the maturity of the notes, or to repurchase the notes upon an occurrence of a change in control, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as a refinancing of the notes. We cannot assure you that we would be able to refinance the notes.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations.
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness, and to fund planned capital expenditures, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to conditions in the oil and gas industry, general economic and financial conditions, competition in the markets where we operate, the impact of legislative and regulatory actions on how we conduct our business and other factors, all of which are beyond our control.
We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our outstanding indebtedness, or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other capital needs. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our outstanding indebtedness, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as:
However, we cannot assure you that we would be able to implement alternative financing plans, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that implementing any such alternative financing plans would allow us to meet our debt obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations, or to obtain alternative financings, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
The notes and the guarantees are unsecured and effectively subordinated to our and our subsidiary guarantors' existing and future secured indebtedness.
The notes and the guarantees are general unsecured senior obligations ranking effectively junior in right of payment to all existing and future secured debt of ours and that of each subsidiary guarantor,
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respectively, including obligations under any senior secured credit facility, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the debt. As of March 31, 2008, after giving effect to $50.0 million in borrowings related to our acquisition of Western in April 2008, our total indebtedness was $572.2 million, $425.0 million of which was the notes and none of which was secured. However, as of March 31, 2008, after giving effect to borrowings related to our acquisition of Western in April 2008, we had up to $238.9 million in additional borrowing capacity under our senior secured credit facility which if borrowed would be secured debt effectively senior in right of payment to the notes to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. The indenture governing the notes permits us and the subsidiary guarantors to incur additional secured debt in the future.
If we or a subsidiary guarantor is declared bankrupt, becomes insolvent or is liquidated or reorganized, any secured debt of ours or that subsidiary guarantor will be entitled to be paid in full from our assets or the assets of the guarantor, as applicable, securing that debt before any payment may be made with respect to the notes or the affected guarantees. Holders of the notes will participate ratably with all holders of our unsecured indebtedness that does not rank junior to the notes, including all of our other general creditors and the holders of our secured debt to the extent such debt is not satisfied with the proceeds of the collateral therefor, based upon the respective amounts owed to each holder or creditor, in our remaining assets. In any of the foregoing events, we cannot assure you that there will be sufficient assets to pay amounts due on the notes. As a result, holders of the notes would likely receive less, ratably, than holders of secured indebtedness.
Our debt level and the covenants in the agreements governing our debt could negatively impact our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our debt agreements.
Our level of indebtedness, and the covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt, could have important consequences for our operations, including:
We may be required to repay all or a portion of our debt on an accelerated basis in certain circumstances. If we fail to comply with the covenants and other restrictions in the agreements governing our debt, it could lead to an event of default and the consequent acceleration of our obligation to repay outstanding debt. Our ability to comply with these covenants and other restrictions may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic and financial conditions.
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In addition, under the terms of our indebtedness, we must comply with certain financial covenant ratios and satisfy certain financial condition tests, several of which become more restrictive over time and could require us to take action to reduce our debt or take some other action in order to comply with them. Our ability to satisfy required financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions, and we cannot assure you that we will continue to meet those ratios and tests in the future. A breach of any of these covenants, ratios or tests could result in a default under our indebtedness. If we default, our credit facility lenders will no longer be obligated to extend credit to us and they, as well as the trustee for our notes, could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the indenture or senior secured credit facility, as applicable, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable. The results of such action would have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility bear interest at variable rates, exposing us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash available for servicing our indebtedness would decrease.
Despite our and our subsidiaries' current level of indebtedness, we may still be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, subject to certain limitations. The terms of our indenture do not prohibit us or our subsidiaries from doing so. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face could intensify. Increased leverage could, for example:
If new debt is added to our and our subsidiaries' current debt levels, the related risks that we and they now face could increase.
We may not be able to repurchase the notes upon a change of control.
Upon the occurrence of certain change of control events, we will be required to offer to repurchase all or any part of the notes then outstanding for cash at 101% of the principal amount. The
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source of funds for any repurchase required as a result of any change of control will be our available cash or cash generated from our operations or other sources, including:
We cannot assure you that sufficient funds would be available at the time of any change of control to repurchase your notes. In addition, our senior secured credit facility prohibits such repurchases. Additionally, a "change of control" (as defined in the indenture for the notes) is an event of default under our senior secured credit facility, that would permit the lenders to accelerate the debt outstanding under such facility. Finally, using available cash to fund the potential consequences of a change of control may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, which could negatively impact our ability to conduct our business operations.
A subsidiary guarantee could be voided if it constitutes a fraudulent transfer under U.S. bankruptcy or similar state law, which would prevent the holders of the notes from relying on that subsidiary to satisfy claims.
Under U.S. bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, our subsidiary guarantees can be voided, or claims under the subsidiary guarantees may be subordinated to all other debts of that subsidiary guarantor if, among other things, the subsidiary guarantor, at the time it incurred the indebtedness evidenced by its guarantee or, in some states, when payments become due under the guarantee, received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the incurrence of the guarantee and:
Our subsidiary guarantees may also be voided, without regard to the above factors, if a court found that the subsidiary guarantor entered into the guarantee with the actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud its creditors.
A court would likely find that a subsidiary guarantor did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its guarantee if the subsidiary guarantor did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the issuance of the guarantees. If a court were to void a subsidiary guarantee, you would no longer have a claim against the subsidiary guarantor. Sufficient funds to repay the notes may not be available from other sources, including the remaining subsidiary guarantors, if any. In addition, the court might direct you to repay any amounts that you already received from the subsidiary guarantor.
The measures of insolvency for purposes of fraudulent transfer laws vary depending upon the governing law. Generally, a guarantor would be considered insolvent if:
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Each subsidiary guarantee contains a provision intended to limit the subsidiary guarantor's liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its subsidiary guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer. Such provision may not be effective to protect the subsidiary guarantees from being voided under fraudulent transfer law.
A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries may result in the assets of any or all of those entities becoming subject to the claims of all creditors of those entities.
A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries could affect payment of the notes if a bankruptcy court were to substantively consolidate us and our subsidiaries. If a bankruptcy court substantively consolidated us and our subsidiaries, the assets of each entity would become subject to the claims of creditors of all entities. This would expose holders of notes not only to the usual impairments arising from bankruptcy, but also to potential dilution of the amount ultimately recoverable because of the larger creditor base. Furthermore, forced restructuring of the notes could occur through the "cram-down" provisions of the bankruptcy code. Under these provisions, the notes could be restructured over your objections as to their general terms, primarily interest rate and maturity.
Many of the covenants contained in the indenture will terminate if the notes are rated investment grade by either Standard & Poor's or Moody's and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing.
Many of the covenants in the indenture governing the notes will terminate if the notes are rated investment grade by either Standard & Poor's or Moody's and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing. These covenants will not be restored if the notes are later rated below investment grade. Termination of these covenants would allow us to engage in certain transactions that would not be permitted while these covenants were in force. See "Description of the Exchange NotesCertain Covenants."
BusinessRelated Risk Factors
Our business is dependent on conditions in the oil and natural gas industry, especially oil and natural gas prices and capital expenditures by oil and natural gas companies.
The demand for our services is primarily influenced by current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices. Prices for oil and natural gas historically have been extremely volatile and have reacted to changes in the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas. These include changes resulting from, among other things, the ability of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to establish and maintain production quotas to support oil prices, domestic and worldwide economic conditions and political instability in oil-producing countries. Weakness in oil and natural gas prices (or the perception by our customers that oil and natural gas prices will decrease) may cause lower utilization of available well service equipment and result in lower rates. In addition, when oil and natural gas prices are weak, or when our customers expect oil and natural gas prices to decrease, fewer wells are drilled, resulting in less completion and maintenance work for us. Additional factors that affect demand for our services include:
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Periods of diminished or weakened demand for our services have occurred in the past. Although we experienced a material decrease in the demand for our services beginning in August 2001 and continuing through September 2002, since September 2002 we have experienced continued strong demand for our services. We believe the previous decrease in demand was due to an overall weakening of demand for onshore well services, which was attributable to general uncertainty about future oil and natural gas prices and the U.S. economy. If any of these conditions return, demand for our services could again decrease, having a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In light of these and other factors relating to the oil and natural gas industry, our historical operating results may not be indicative of future performance.
We may be unable to maintain pricing on our core services.
During the past three years, we have increased the prices on our services to offset rising costs and to generate higher returns for our shareholders; however, during 2007, we made some price concessions to our customers in order to maintain market share. We believe that market conditions should remain strong due to high commodity prices, and therefore anticipate that pricing for our services should be relatively stable during 2008; however, should market conditions deteriorate or additional new industry capacity increase, it may become more difficult for us to maintain prices.
The inability to maintain our pricing could:
Increases in industry capacity may adversely affect our business.
Over the past three years, new capacity, including new well service rigs, new pressure pumping equipment and new fishing and rental equipment, has entered the market. In some cases, the new capacity is attributable to start-up oilfield service companies and in other cases, the new capacity has been employed by existing service providers to increase their service capacity. We have been adversely affected by the new capacity as our utilization for 2007 was down from prior years. Lower utilization of our fleet has led us to make some price concessions to our customers in order to maintain market share. Should oilfield service companies continue to add new capacity and demand for services not increase, we could experience continued pressure on the pricing of our services and experience lower utilization. This could have a material negative impact on our operating results.
An economic downturn may adversely affect our business.
There is a concern that the United States may enter into a recession in 2008, and if so, a continued downturn in the U.S. economy may cause reduced demand for petroleum-based products and natural gas. In addition, during a downturn many oil and natural gas production companies often reduce or delay expenditures to reduce costs, which in turn may cause a reduction in the demand for our services during these periods. If the economic environment should deteriorate, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Our business involves certain operating risks, which are primarily self-insured, and our insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we might incur in our operations.
Our operations are subject to many hazards and risks, including the following:
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If these hazards occur, they could result in suspension of operations, damage to or destruction of our equipment and the property of others, or injury or death to our or a third party's personnel.
We self-insure a significant portion of these liabilities. For losses in excess of our self-insurance limits, we maintain insurance from unaffiliated commercial carriers. However, our insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities that we might incur in our operations. Furthermore, our insurance may not adequately protect us against liability from all of the hazards of our business. We also are subject to the risk that we may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount we desire at a reasonable cost. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we were uninsured or for which we were not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
We are subject to the economic, political and social instability risks of doing business in certain foreign countries.
We currently have operations in Argentina and Mexico and may expand our operations into other foreign countries. We also have a technology development group in Canada. As a result, we are exposed to risks of international operations, including:
The occurrence of one or more of these risks may:
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We historically have experienced a high employee turnover rate. Any difficulty we experience replacing or adding workers could adversely affect our business.
We historically have experienced an annual employee turnover rate of almost 50%, although our turnover rate during 2007 improved to approximately 41%. The high turnover rate is attributable to the nature of the work, which is physically demanding and performed outdoors. As a result, workers may choose to pursue employment in fields that offer a more desirable work environment at wage rates that are competitive with ours. We cannot assure that at times of high demand we will be able to retain, recruit and train an adequate number of workers. Potential inability or lack of desire by workers to commute to our facilities and job sites and competition for workers from competitors or other industries are factors that could affect our ability to attract and retain workers. We believe that our wage rates are competitive with the wage rates of our competitors and other potential employers. A significant increase in the wages other employers pay could result in a reduction in our workforce, increases in our wage rates, or both. Either of these events could diminish our profitability and growth potential.
We may not be successful in implementing technology development and technology enhancements.
A component of our business strategy is to incorporate our technology into our well service rigs, primarily through the KeyView® system. The inability to successfully develop and integrate the technology could:
We may incur significant costs and liabilities as a result of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that govern our operations.
Our operations are subject to U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign laws and regulations that impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the environment and establish standards for the handling, storage and disposal of waste materials, including toxic and hazardous wastes. To comply with these laws and regulations, we must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various governmental authorities. While the cost of such compliance has not been significant in the past, new laws, regulations or enforcement policies could become more stringent and significantly increase our compliance costs or limit our future business opportunities, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
Failure to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could result in the assessment of administrative, civil or criminal penalties, imposition of cleanup and site restoration costs and liens, revocation of permits, and to a lesser extent, orders to limit or cease certain operations. Certain environmental laws impose strict and/or joint and several liability, which could cause us to become liable for the conduct of others or for consequences of our own actions that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time of those actions.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain materials used in providing our pressure pumping services.
We rely heavily on three suppliers for sized sand, a principal raw material that is critical for our pressure pumping operations. While the materials are generally available, if we were to have a problem sourcing raw materials or transporting these materials from these vendors, our ability to provide pressure pumping services could be limited.
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We may not be successful in identifying, making and integrating our acquisitions.
A component of our growth strategy is to make geographic-focused acquisitions that will strengthen our presence in selected regional markets. The success of this strategy will depend on our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates and to negotiate acceptable financial and other terms. There is no assurance that we will be able to do so. The success of an acquisition depends on our ability to perform adequate diligence before the acquisition and on our ability to integrate the acquisition after it is completed. While we commit significant resources to ensure that we conduct comprehensive due diligence, there can be no assurance that all potential risks and liabilities will be identified in connection with an acquisition. Similarly, while we expect to commit substantial resources, including management time and effort, to integrating acquired businesses into ours, there is no assurance that we will be successful integrating these businesses. In particular, it is important that we are able to retain both key personnel of the acquired business and its customer base. A loss of either key personnel or customers could negatively impact the future operating results of the acquired business.
Delayed Financial ReportingRelated Risk Factors
Taxing authorities may determine that we owe additional taxes from previous years.
As a result of the restatement of our financial statements for periods prior to 2004 and delay in our financial reporting for subsequent periods, we are amending previously filed tax returns and reports. Where legal, regulatory or administrative rules require or allow us to amend our previous tax filings, we intend to comply with our obligations under applicable law. To the extent that tax authorities do not accept our conclusions about the tax effects of the restatement, liabilities for taxes could differ from those which have been recorded in our consolidated financial statements. If it is determined that we have additional tax liabilities, there could be an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. These material weaknesses, if not corrected, could affect the reliability of our financial statements and have other adverse consequences.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related SEC rules require management of public companies to assess the effectiveness of their internal control over financial reporting annually and to include in Annual Reports on Form 10-K a management report on that assessment, together with an attestation report by an independent registered public accounting firm. Under Section 404 and the SEC rules, a company cannot find that its internal control over financial reporting is effective if there exists any "material weaknesses" in its financial controls. A "material weakness" is a control deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected.
We have identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. We have taken and will take actions to remediate the material weaknesses and improve the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; however, we cannot assure you that we will be able to correct these material weaknesses by the end of 2008. Any failure in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, if it results in misstatements in our financial statements, could have a material effect on financial reporting or cause us to fail to meet reporting obligations, and could negatively impact investor perceptions.
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Takeover ProtectionRelated Risks
Our bylaws contain provisions that may prevent or delay a change in control.
Our Amended and Restated Bylaws contain certain provisions designed to enhance the ability of the Board of Directors to respond to unsolicited attempts to acquire control of the Company. These provisions:
These provisions may have the effect of entrenching management and may deprive investors of the opportunity to sell their shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of our common stock.
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RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following table sets forth our historical consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the periods shown. Although the Company emerged from an extended restatement and financial reporting process in September 2007, it is unable to provide complete audited financial information for periods prior to 2004. Therefore, the Company is not providing a ratio of earning to fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2003, because it is unable to provide financial statements for that period (except for the December 31, 2003 balance sheet) in accordance with GAAP. For more information on the restatement and financial reporting process, see "Note Regarding Our Financial Reporting Process."
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Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
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(unaudited) |
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Ratio of earnings to fixed charges | 0.4 | 2.5 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 6.0 |
For this ratio, "earnings" means the sum of income before taxes, excluding income from equity investees, and fixed charges exclusive of capitalized interest. "Fixed charges" means interest (expensed and capitalized), amortized premiums, discounts and capitalized expenses related to indebtedness and an estimate of the portion of annual rental expense on operating leases that represents the interest factor. Interest expense resulting from the Company's January 1, 2007 adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Interpretation ("FIN") No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan Interpretation of FASB No. 109" ("FIN 48"), is included in the fixed charges used to calculate the Company's ratio of earnings to fixed charges.
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Purpose and Effect of the Exchange Offer
We sold $425.0 million in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the outstanding notes in a private offering, which was completed on November 29, 2007. The outstanding notes were sold to the initial purchasers who in turn resold the notes to a limited number of qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act or offshore investors pursuant to Regulation S of the Securities Act.
In connection with the offering of the outstanding notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers of the outstanding notes, pursuant to which we agreed to file and to use our reasonable best efforts to cause to be declared effective by the SEC a registration statement with respect to the exchange of the outstanding notes for the exchange notes. We are making the exchange offer to fulfill our contractual obligations under the agreement. A copy of the registration rights agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Pursuant to the exchange offer, we will issue the exchange notes in exchange for outstanding notes. The terms of the exchange notes are identical in all material respects to those of the outstanding notes, except that the exchange notes (1) have been registered under the Securities Act and therefore will not be subject to certain restrictions on transfer applicable to the outstanding notes and (2) will not have registration rights or provide for any additional interest related to the obligation to register. Please read "Description of the Exchange Notes" for more information on the terms of the respective notes and the differences between them.
We are not making the exchange offer to, and will not accept tenders for exchange from, holders of outstanding notes in any jurisdiction in which an exchange offer or the acceptance thereof would not be in compliance with the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdiction. Unless the context requires otherwise, the term "holder" with respect to the exchange offer means any person in whose name the outstanding notes are registered on our books or any other person who has obtained a properly completed bond power from the registered holder, or any person whose outstanding notes are held of record by The Depository Trust Company (the "Depository") who desires to deliver such outstanding notes by book-entry transfer at the Depository.
We make no recommendation to the holders of outstanding notes as to whether to tender or refrain from tendering all or any portion of their outstanding notes pursuant to the exchange offer. In addition, no one has been authorized to make any such recommendation. Holders of outstanding notes must make their own decision whether to tender pursuant to the exchange offer and, if so, the aggregate amount of outstanding notes to tender after reading this prospectus and the letter of transmittal and consulting with the advisers, if any, based on their own financial position and requirements.
In order to participate in the exchange offer, you must represent to us, among other things, that:
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Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for outstanding notes, where such outstanding notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. Please read "Plan of Distribution."
Terms of the Exchange Offer
Upon the terms and conditions described in this prospectus and in the accompanying letter of transmittal, which together constitute the exchange offer, we will accept for exchange outstanding notes that are properly tendered at or before the expiration time and not withdrawn as permitted below. As of the date of this prospectus, $425.0 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding notes are outstanding. This prospectus, together with the letter of transmittal, is first being sent on or about the date on the cover page of the prospectus to all holders of outstanding notes known to us. Outstanding notes tendered in the exchange offer must be in denominations of principal amount of $2,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000.
Our acceptance of the tender of outstanding notes by a tendering holder will form a binding agreement between the tendering holder and us upon the terms and subject to the conditions provided in this prospectus and in the accompanying letter of transmittal.
The form and terms of the exchange notes being issued in the exchange offer are the same as the form and terms of the outstanding notes except that:
Expiration, Extension and Amendment
The expiration time of the exchange offer is 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on , 2008. However, we may, in our sole discretion, extend the period of time for which the exchange offer is open and set a later expiration date for the offer. The term "expiration time" as used herein means the latest time and date to which we extend the exchange offer. If we decide to extend the exchange offer period, we will then delay acceptance of any outstanding notes by giving oral or written notice of an extension to the holders of outstanding notes as described below. During any extension period, all outstanding notes previously tendered will remain subject to the exchange offer and may be accepted for exchange by us. Any outstanding notes not accepted for exchange will be returned to the tendering holder after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer.
Our obligation to accept outstanding notes for exchange in the exchange offer is subject to the conditions described below under "Conditions to the Exchange Offer." We may decide to waive any of the conditions in our sole reasonable discretion. Furthermore, we reserve the right to amend or terminate the exchange offer, and not to accept for exchange any outstanding notes not previously accepted for exchange, upon the occurrence of any of the conditions of the exchange offer specified below under the same heading. We will give oral or written notice of any extension, amendment,
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non-acceptance or termination to the holders of the outstanding notes as promptly as practicable. If we materially change the terms of the exchange offer, we will resolicit tenders of the outstanding notes, file a post-effective amendment to the prospectus and provide notice to you. If the change is made less than five business days before the expiration of the exchange offer, we will extend the offer so that the holders have at least five business days to tender or withdraw. We will notify you of any extension by means of a press release or other public announcement no later than 9:00 A.M., New York City time, on the first business day after the previously scheduled expiration time.
Procedures for Tendering
Valid Tender
Except as described below, a tendering holder must, prior to the expiration time, transmit to The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., the exchange agent, at the address listed below under the caption "Exchange Agent":
In addition, a tendering holder must:
The term "agent's message" means a message, transmitted by the Depository to, and received by, the exchange agent and forming a part of a book-entry confirmation, that states that the Depository has received an express acknowledgment that the tendering holder agrees to be bound by the letter of transmittal and that we may enforce the letter of transmittal against such holder.
If the letter of transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered holder of outstanding notes, the letter of transmittal must be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer or exchange in satisfactory form duly executed by the registered holder with the signature guaranteed by an eligible institution. The outstanding notes must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate powers of attorney. In either case, the outstanding notes must be signed exactly as the name of any registered holder appears on the outstanding notes.
If the letter of transmittal or any outstanding notes or powers of attorney are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, these persons should so indicate when signing. Unless waived by us, proper evidence satisfactory to us of their authority to so act must be submitted.
By tendering, each holder will represent to us that, among other things, the person is not our affiliate, the exchange notes are being acquired in the ordinary course of business of the person receiving the exchange notes, whether or not that person is the holder, and neither the holder nor the other person has any arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution of the exchange notes. Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for outstanding notes, where such outstanding notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of
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market-making activities or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. Please read "Plan of Distribution."
The method of delivery of outstanding notes, letters of transmittal and all other required documents is at your election and risk, and the delivery will be deemed made only upon actual receipt or confirmation by the exchange agent. If the delivery is by mail, we recommend that you use registered mail, properly insured, with return receipt requested. In all cases, you should allow sufficient time to assure timely delivery. Holders tendering through the Depository's ATOP system should allow sufficient time for completion of the ATOP procedures during the normal business hours of the Depository on such dates.
No outstanding notes, agent's messages, letters of transmittal or other required documents should be sent to us. Delivery of all outstanding notes, agent's messages, letters of transmittal and other documents must be made to the exchange agent. Holders may also request their respective brokers, dealers, commercial banks, trust companies or nominees to effect such tender for such holders.
If you are a beneficial owner whose outstanding notes are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee, and wish to tender, you should promptly instruct the registered holder to tender on your behalf. Any registered holder that is a participant in the Depository's ATOP system may make book-entry delivery of the outstanding notes by causing the Depository to transfer the outstanding notes into the exchange agent's account. The tender by a holder of outstanding notes, including pursuant to the delivery of an agent's message through the Depository's ATOP system, will constitute an agreement between such holder and us in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein and in the letter of transmittal.
All questions as to the validity, form, eligibility, time of receipt and withdrawal of the tendered outstanding notes will be determined by us in our sole reasonable discretion or by the exchange agent, which determination will be final and binding. We reserve the absolute right to reject any and all outstanding notes not validly tendered or any outstanding notes which, if accepted, would, in the opinion of our counsel, be unlawful. We also reserve the absolute right to waive any irregularities or conditions of tender as to particular outstanding notes. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of this exchange offer, including the instructions in the letter of transmittal, will be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of outstanding notes must be cured within such time as we shall determine. Although we intend to notify you of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of outstanding notes, none of us, the exchange agent, or any other person shall be under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to tenders of outstanding notes, nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification. Tenders of outstanding notes will not be deemed to have been made until such irregularities have been cured or waived. Any outstanding notes received by the exchange agent that are not validly tendered and as to which the defects or irregularities have not been cured or waived will be returned without cost to such holder by the exchange agent, unless otherwise provided in the letter of transmittal, as soon as practicable following the expiration date of the exchange offer.
Although we have no present plan to acquire any outstanding notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer or to file a registration statement to permit resales of any outstanding notes that are not tendered in the exchange offer, we reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to purchase or make offers for any outstanding notes after the expiration date of the exchange offer, from time to time, through open market or privately negotiated transactions, one or more additional exchange or tender offers, or otherwise, as permitted by law, the indenture and our other debt agreements. Following consummation of this exchange offer, the terms of any such purchases or offers could differ materially from the terms of this exchange offer.
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Signature Guarantees
Signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal must be guaranteed, unless the outstanding notes surrendered for exchange are tendered:
If signatures on a letter of transmittal or a notice of withdrawal are required to be guaranteed, the guarantees must be by an "eligible institution." An "eligible institution" is an "eligible guarantor institution" meeting the requirements of the registrar for the notes within the meaning of Rule 17Ad-15 under the Exchange Act.
Book-Entry Transfer
The exchange agent will make a request to establish an account for the outstanding notes at the Depository for purposes of the exchange offer. Any financial institution that is a participant in the Depository's system may make book-entry delivery of outstanding notes by causing the Depository to transfer those outstanding notes into the exchange agent's account at the Depository in accordance with the Depository's procedure for transfer. The participant should transmit its acceptance to the Depository at or prior to the expiration time or comply with the guaranteed delivery procedures described below. The Depository will verify this acceptance, execute a book-entry transfer of the tendered outstanding notes into the exchange agent's account at the Depository and then send to the exchange agent confirmation of this book-entry transfer. The confirmation of this book-entry transfer will include an agent's message confirming that the Depository has received an express acknowledgment from this participant that this participant has received and agrees to be bound by the letter of transmittal and that we may enforce the letter of transmittal against this participant.
Delivery of exchange notes issued in the exchange offer may be effected through book-entry transfer at the Depository. However, the letter of transmittal or facsimile of it or an agent's message, with any required signature guarantees and any other required documents, must:
Delivery of documents to the Depository in accordance with the Depository's procedures does not constitute delivery to the exchange agent.
Guaranteed Delivery
If a registered holder of outstanding notes desires to tender the outstanding notes, and the outstanding notes are not immediately available, or time will not permit the holder's outstanding notes or other required documents to reach the exchange agent before the expiration time, or the procedures for book-entry transfer described above cannot be completed on a timely basis, a tender may nonetheless be made if:
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Determination of Validity
We will determine in our sole reasonable discretion all questions as to the validity, form and eligibility of outstanding notes tendered for exchange. This discretion extends to the determination of all questions concerning the timing of receipts and acceptance of tenders. These determinations will be final and binding. We reserve the right to reject any particular outstanding note not properly tendered or of which our acceptance might, in our judgment or our counsel's judgment, be unlawful. We also reserve the right to waive any defects or irregularities or conditions of the exchange offer as to any particular outstanding note either before or after the expiration time, including the right to waive the ineligibility of any tendering holder. Our interpretation of the terms and conditions of the exchange offer as to any particular outstanding note either before or after the applicable expiration time, including the letter of transmittal and the instructions to the letter of transmittal, shall be final and binding on all parties. Unless waived, any defects or irregularities in connection with tenders of outstanding notes must be cured within a reasonable period of time.
Neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will be under any duty to give notification of any defect or irregularity in any tender of outstanding notes. Moreover, neither we, the exchange agent nor any other person will incur any liability for failing to give notifications of any defect or irregularity.
Acceptance of Outstanding Notes for Exchange; Issuance of Exchange Notes
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the exchange offer, we will accept, promptly after the expiration time, all outstanding notes properly tendered. We will issue the exchange notes promptly after acceptance of the outstanding notes. For purposes of an exchange offer, we will be deemed to have accepted properly tendered outstanding notes for exchange when, as and if we have given oral or written notice to the exchange agent, with prompt written confirmation of any oral notice.
For each outstanding note accepted for exchange, the holder will receive a new note registered under the Securities Act having a principal amount equal to that of the surrendered outstanding note. As a result, registered holders of exchange notes issued in the exchange offer on the relevant record date for the first interest payment date following the completion of the exchange offer will receive interest accruing from the most recent date to which interest has been paid on the outstanding notes or, if no interest has been paid on the outstanding notes, from November 29, 2007. Outstanding notes
28
that we accept for exchange will cease to accrue interest from and after the date of completion of the exchange offer. Under the registration rights agreement, we may be required to make additional payments in the form of additional interest to the holders of the outstanding notes under circumstances relating to the timing of the exchange offer.
In all cases, issuance of exchange notes for outstanding notes will be made only after timely receipt by the exchange agent of:
Unaccepted or non-exchanged outstanding notes will be returned without expense to the tendering holder of the outstanding notes. In the case of outstanding notes tendered by book-entry transfer in accordance with the book-entry procedures described above, the non-exchanged outstanding notes will be credited to an account maintained with the Depository as promptly as practicable after the expiration or termination of the exchange offer. For each outstanding note accepted for exchange, the holder of the outstanding note will receive an exchange note having a principal amount equal to that of the surrendered outstanding note.
Interest Payments on the Exchange Notes
The exchange notes will bear interest from the most recent date to which interest has been paid on the outstanding notes for which they were exchanged. Accordingly, registered holders of exchange notes on the relevant record date for the first interest payment date following the completion of the exchange offer will receive interest accruing from the most recent date to which interest has been paid. Outstanding notes accepted for exchange will cease to accrue interest from and after the date of completion of the exchange offer and will be deemed to have waived their rights to receive the accrued interest on the outstanding notes.
Withdrawal Rights
Tender of outstanding notes may be properly withdrawn at any time before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the expiration date of the exchange offer.
For a withdrawal to be effective with respect to outstanding notes, the exchange agent must receive a written notice of withdrawal before the expiration time delivered by hand, overnight by courier or by mail, at the address indicated under "Exchange Agent" or, in the case of eligible institutions, at the facsimile number, or a properly transmitted "Request Message" through the Depository's ATOP system. Any notice of withdrawal must:
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register the transfer of the outstanding notes in the name of the person withdrawing the tender; and
If certificates for outstanding notes have been delivered or otherwise identified to the exchange agent, then, prior to the release of these certificates the withdrawing holder must also submit the serial numbers of the particular certificates to be withdrawn and signed notice of withdrawal with signatures guaranteed by an eligible institution, unless this holder is an eligible institution. If outstanding notes have been tendered in accordance with the procedure for book-entry transfer described below, any notice of withdrawal must specify the name and number of the account at the book-entry transfer facility to be credited with the withdrawn outstanding notes.
Any outstanding notes properly withdrawn will be deemed not to have been validly tendered for exchange. Exchange notes will not be issued in exchange unless the outstanding notes so withdrawn are validly re-tendered.
Properly withdrawn outstanding notes may be re-tendered by following the procedures described under "Procedures for Tendering" above at any time at or before the expiration time.
We will determine all questions as to the validity, form and eligibility, including time of receipt, of notices of withdrawal.
Conditions to the Exchange Offer
Notwithstanding any other provisions of the exchange offer, or any extension of the exchange offer, we will not be required to accept for exchange, or to exchange, any outstanding notes for any exchange notes, and, as described below, may terminate an exchange offer, whether or not any outstanding notes have been accepted for exchange, or may waive any conditions to or amend the exchange offer, if any of the following conditions has occurred or exists:
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If any of the foregoing events or conditions has occurred or exists, we may, subject to applicable law, terminate the exchange offer, whether or not any outstanding notes have been accepted for exchange, or may waive any such condition or otherwise amend the terms of such exchange offer in any respect. Please read "Expiration, Extension and Amendment" above.
If any of the above events occur, we may:
We may assert these conditions with respect to the exchange offer regardless of the circumstances giving rise to them. All conditions to the exchange offer, other than those dependent upon receipt of necessary government approvals, must be satisfied or waived by us before the expiration of the exchange offer. We may waive any condition in whole or in part at any time in our sole reasonable discretion. Our failure to exercise our rights under any of the above circumstances does not represent a waiver of these rights. Each right is an ongoing right that may be asserted at any time. Any determination by us concerning the conditions described above will be final and binding upon all parties.
If a waiver constitutes a material change to the exchange offer, we will promptly disclose the waiver by means of a prospectus supplement that we will distribute to the registered holders of the outstanding notes, and we will extend the exchange offer for a period of five to ten business days, as required by applicable law, depending upon the significance of the waiver and the manner of disclosure to the registered holders, if the exchange offer would otherwise expire during the five to ten business day period.
Resales of Exchange Notes
Based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC, as described in no-action letters issued to third parties that are not related to us, we believe that exchange notes issued in the exchange offer in exchange for outstanding notes may be offered for resale, resold or otherwise transferred by holders of the exchange notes without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act, if:
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However, the SEC has not considered the exchange offer described in this prospectus in the context of a no-action letter. The staff of the SEC may not make a similar determination with respect to the exchange offer as in the other circumstances. Each holder who wishes to exchange outstanding notes for exchange notes will be required to represent that it meets the above four requirements.
Any holder who is an affiliate of ours or who intends to participate in the exchange offer for the purpose of distributing exchange notes or any broker-dealer who purchased outstanding notes directly from us for resale pursuant to Rule 144A or any other available exemption under the Securities Act:
Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for outstanding notes must acknowledge that the outstanding notes were acquired by it as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities and agree that it will deliver a prospectus that meets the requirements of the Securities Act in connection with any resale of the exchange notes. The letter of transmittal states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act. Please read "Plan of Distribution." A broker-dealer may use this prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, in connection with the resales of exchange notes received in exchange for outstanding notes that the broker-dealer acquired as a result of market-making or other trading activities. Any holder that is a broker-dealer participating in the exchange offer must notify the exchange agent at the telephone number set forth in the enclosed letter of transmittal and must comply with the procedures for broker-dealers participating in the exchange offer. We have not entered into any arrangement or understanding with any person to distribute the exchange notes to be received in the exchange offer.
In addition, to comply with state securities laws, the exchange notes may not be offered or sold in any state unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification, with which there has been compliance, is available. The offer and sale of the exchange notes to "qualified institutional buyers," as defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, is generally exempt from registration or qualification under the state securities laws. We currently do not intend to register or qualify the sale of exchange notes in any state where an exemption from registration or qualification is required and not available.
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Exchange Agent
The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A. has been appointed as the exchange agent for the exchange offer. All executed letters of transmittal and any other required documents should be directed to the exchange agent at the address or facsimile number set forth below. Questions and requests for assistance, requests for additional copies of this prospectus or of the letter of transmittal and requests for notices of guaranteed delivery should be directed to the exchange agent addressed as follows:
THE BANK OF NEW YORK TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
By Facsimile for Eligible Institutions: (212) 298-1915 |
By Mail/Overnight Delivery/Hand: Bank of New York Mellon Corporation Corporate Trust Operations Reorganization Unit 101 Barclay Street7 East New York, N.Y. 10286 Attn: Mr. David Mauer |
Confirm by Telephone: (212) 815-3687 |
Delivery of the letter of transmittal to an address other than as set forth above or transmission of such letter of transmittal via facsimile other than as set forth above does not constitute a valid delivery of the letter of transmittal.
Fees and Expenses
The expenses of soliciting tenders pursuant to this exchange offer will be paid by us. We have agreed to pay the exchange agent reasonable and customary fees for its services and will reimburse it for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the exchange offer. We will also pay brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in forwarding copies of this prospectus and related documents to the beneficial owners of outstanding notes, and in handling or tendering for their customers. We will not make any payment to brokers, dealers or others soliciting acceptances of the exchange offer.
Holders who tender their outstanding notes for exchange will not be obligated to pay any transfer taxes on the exchange. If, however, exchange notes are to be delivered to, or are to be issued in the name of, any person other than the registered holder of the outstanding notes tendered, or if a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the exchange of outstanding notes in connection with the exchange offer, then the amount of any such transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered holder or any other persons) will be payable by the tendering holder. If satisfactory evidence of payment of such taxes or exemption therefrom is not submitted with the letter of transmittal, the amount of such transfer taxes will be billed directly to such tendering holder.
Transfer Taxes
We will pay all transfer taxes, if any, applicable to the exchange of outstanding notes under the exchange offer. The tendering holder, however, will be required to pay any transfer taxes, whether imposed on the registered holder or any other person, if a transfer tax is imposed for any reason other than the exchange of outstanding notes under the exchange offer.
Consequences of Failure to Exchange Outstanding Securities
Holders who desire to tender their outstanding notes in exchange for exchange notes registered under the Securities Act should allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery. Neither the exchange
33
agent nor us is under any duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to the tenders of outstanding notes for exchange.
Outstanding notes that are not tendered or are tendered but not accepted will, following the completion of the exchange offer, continue to be subject to the provisions in the indenture regarding the transfer and exchange of the outstanding notes and the existing restrictions on transfer set forth in the legend on the outstanding notes set forth in the indenture for the notes. Except in limited circumstances with respect to specific types of holders of outstanding notes, we will have no further obligation to provide for the registration under the Securities Act of such outstanding notes. In general, outstanding notes, unless registered under the Securities Act, may not be offered or sold except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.
We do not currently anticipate that we will take any action to register the outstanding notes under the Securities Act or under any state securities laws. Upon completion of the exchange offer, holders of the outstanding notes will not be entitled to any further registration rights under the registration rights agreement, except under limited circumstances. Holders of the exchange notes issued in the exchange offer and any outstanding notes which remain outstanding after completion of the exchange offer will vote together as a single class for purposes of determining whether holders of the requisite percentage of the class have taken certain actions or exercised certain rights under the indenture.
Accounting Treatment
We will record the exchange notes at the same carrying value as the outstanding notes, as reflected in our accounting records on the date of the exchange. Accordingly, we will not recognize any gain or loss for accounting purposes. The expenses of the exchange offer will be amortized over the term of the exchange notes.
Other
Participation in the exchange offer is voluntary, and you should consider carefully whether to accept. You are urged to consult your financial and tax advisors in making your own decision on what action to take.
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The exchange offer is intended to satisfy our obligations under the registration rights agreement. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the exchange notes in the exchange offer. In consideration for issuing the exchange notes as contemplated by this prospectus, we will receive outstanding notes in a like principal amount. The form and terms of the exchange notes are identical in all respects to the form and terms of the outstanding notes, except that the transfer restrictions, registration rights and additional interest provisions relating to the outstanding notes do not apply to the exchange notes. Outstanding notes surrendered in exchange for the exchange notes will be retired and cancelled and will not be reissued. Accordingly, the issuance of the exchange notes will not result in any change in our outstanding indebtedness.
We received net proceeds of approximately $416.1 million from the sale of the outstanding notes. We used these funds to retire the term loans then outstanding under our prior senior secured credit facility and for general corporate purposes.
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The following historical selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company. The historical selected consolidated financial data as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 have been derived from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Although the Company emerged from an extended restatement and financial reporting process in September 2007, it is unable to provide complete audited financial information for periods prior to 2004. Therefore, the Company is not providing selected financial data for the year ended December 31, 2003, because it is unable to provide financial statements for that period (except for the December 31, 2003 balance sheet) in accordance with GAAP. For more information on the restatement and financial reporting process, see "Note Regarding Our Financial Reporting Process."
You should read the following data in connection with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, where there is additional disclosure regarding the information in the following table. Key's historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in future periods.
Consolidated Results of Operations Data:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
|||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||||
|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 987,739 | $ | 1,190,444 | $ | 1,546,177 | $ | 1,662,012 | $ | 408,919 | $ | 456,399 | |||||||||
Direct expenses | 685,420 | 780,243 | 920,602 | 985,614 | 235,513 | 281,641 | |||||||||||||||
Gross margin | 302,319 | 410,201 | 625,575 | 676,398 | 173,406 | 174,758 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 162,133 | 151,303 | 195,527 | 230,396 | 52,064 | 67,732 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income, before depreciation and amortization | 140,186 | 258,898 | 430,048 | 446,002 | 121,342 | 107,026 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 103,339 | 111,888 | 126,011 | 129,623 | 29,614 | 39,976 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | 46,206 | 50,299 | 38,927 | 36,207 | 9,348 | 10,040 | |||||||||||||||
Other, net | 19,114 | 12,313 | (9,370 | ) | 4,232 | (2,314 | ) | 103 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before Income taxes | (28,473 | ) | 84,398 | 274,480 | 275,940 | 84,694 | 56,907 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | 1,890 | (35,320 | ) | (103,447 | ) | (106,768 | ) | (32,504 | ) | (22,457 | ) | ||||||||||
Minority interest | | | | 117 | | 34 | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | (26,583 | ) | 49,078 | 171,033 | 169,289 | 52,190 | 34,484 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of tax | (5,643 | ) | (3,361 | ) | | | | | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (32,226 | ) | $ | 45,717 | $ | 171,033 | $ | 169,289 | $ | 52,190 | $ | 34,484 | ||||||||
Income (loss) per common share from continuing operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | 0.37 | $ | 1.30 | $ | 1.29 | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.27 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | 0.37 | $ | 1.28 | $ | 1.27 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 0.27 | ||||||||
Income (loss) per common share from discontinued operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||
Net income (loss) per common share: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.24 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 1.30 | $ | 1.29 | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.27 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.24 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 1.28 | $ | 1.27 | $ | 0.39 | $ | 0.27 |
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Cash Flow Data:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 69,801 | $ | 218,838 | $ | 258,724 | $ | 249,919 | $ | 86,850 | $ | 70,311 | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (64,081 | ) | (33,218 | ) | (245,647 | ) | (302,847 | ) | (110,552 | ) | (30,366 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (88,277 | ) | (111,213 | ) | (18,634 | ) | 23,240 | (3,591 | ) | (68,235 | ) | ||||||||
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash | (233 | ) | (662 | ) | (238 | ) | (184 | ) | (370 | ) | (342 | ) |
Selected Balance Sheet Data:
|
December 31, |
March 31, |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||
Working capital | $ | 165,920 | $ | 169,022 | $ | 265,498 | $ | 253,068 | $ | 298,933 | $ | 227,531 | ||||||
Property and equipment, gross | 999,414 | 1,089,826 | 1,279,980 | 1,595,225 | 1,323,608 | 1,623,594 | ||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net | 597,778 | 610,341 | 694,291 | 911,208 | 712,958 | 908,818 | ||||||||||||
Total assets | 1,316,622 | 1,329,244 | 1,541,398 | 1,859,077 | 1,612,664 | 1,826,806 | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt and capital leases, net of current maturities | 481,047 | 410,781 | 406,080 | 511,614 | 404,123 | 510,605 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 810,956 | 775,187 | 810,887 | 970,079 | 830,834 | 965,759 | ||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 505,666 | 554,057 | 730,511 | 888,998 | 781,830 | 861,047 | ||||||||||||
Cash dividends per common share | | | | | | |
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto in the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion below contains forward-looking statements that are based upon our current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances including those identified in "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Actual results may differ materially from these expectations due to inaccurate assumptions and known or unknown risks and uncertainties. See "Risk Factors."
Business and Growth Strategies
Our strategy is to improve results through acquisitions, growing our core segments, maintaining a strong balance sheet, expanding internationally, investing in technology, expanding our services offering, and training personnel in order to maintain a qualified and safety conscious employee base.
Acquisitions. Our strategy contemplates that we may make acquisitions that strengthen our presence in selected regional markets. During 2007, we completed the acquisition of Moncla Well Service, Inc. and related entities (collectively, "Moncla"), Advanced Measurements, Inc. ("AMI") and the well service assets of Kings Oil Tools, Inc. ("Kings"). In addition, in April 2008, we acquired Western. Through the purchase of Moncla, Kings and Western, we increased our well service rig count by 114 units and our swab rig count by six units. We believe that these acquisitions will allow us to expand our geographic "footprint" and improve our service to our customers. See "Acquisitions" below for additional discussion.
We are currently evaluating a number of geographic focused acquisition candidates, primarily in our well servicing segment, and these acquisitions, if completed, would help strengthen our position in several core markets. We may seek to identify other acquisition candidates and we may evaluate acquisition opportunities in either our pressure pumping or fishing and rental services segments. Our acquisitions in 2007 and 2008 were made with cash and notes payable, and our objective is to use cash for future geographic focused acquisitions. In some limited cases, however, we may elect to use equity as a financing tool for our acquisition program.
Organic Growth in Core Segments. During the past three years we have significantly increased our capital expenditures, devoting more capital to organic growth. Since the beginning of 2005, we have cumulatively spent approximately $526.5 million on capital expenditures, including capital expenditures of $212.6 million in 2007. These expenditures include the purchase of new pressure pumping equipment, new cased-hole electric wireline units, and new and remanufactured well service rigs, as well as numerous rental equipment and fishing tools. While we believe that the returns on organic growth capital remain strong, we intend to reduce our capital expenditures in 2008 in order to allocate more capital to our acquisition and share repurchase programs. Presently, we estimate that we will spend approximately $175.0 million in capital expenditures in 2008; however, that amount could increase if we are awarded additional international work, which would require us to build new equipment.
Maintain Strong Balance Sheet. We believe that our ability to maintain a strong balance sheet and exercise sound capital discipline is critical. We also believe that our ability to maintain ample liquidity and borrowing capacity is important in order to enable us to finance acquisitions and share repurchases, as well as to take advantage of other attractive business opportunities if they should develop. In order to provide more flexibility and meet our objectives, during 2007 we refinanced our outstanding indebtedness. We issued $425.0 million of the outstanding notes and entered into our senior secured credit facility. The outstanding notes, which have a coupon of 83/8%, require no
38
prepayment and mature in 2014. Our senior secured credit facility consists of a revolving credit facility, letter of credit sub-facility and swing line facility, all of which mature no later than 2012.
International Expansion. We presently operate in Argentina and Mexico and have a technology development group based in Canada. We are evaluating ways in which we can expand internationally. One of our objectives is to redeploy under utilized assets to international markets. In addition, we will consider strategic international acquisitions in order to establish a presence in a particular market, if appropriate. We have evaluated a number of international markets, and our near-term priority is expansion in Mexico. Long term, we believe opportunities may exist in the Middle East, Russia and Latin America. See "BusinessForeign Operations" for further discussion of our current international operations. We also have an investment in IROC Energy Services Corp. in Canada. Please see Note 7, "Investment in IROC Energy Services Corp.," to our audited consolidated financial statements and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Technology Initiative. We have invested, and will continue to invest, in technology projects that improve operating efficiencies for both ourselves and our customers, improve safety performance of our well service rigs and fluid hauling vehicles and provide opportunities for additional revenue. In 2003, we began deployment of our proprietary well service technology. The KeyView® system captures well-site operating data, thereby allowing customers and ourselves to monitor and analyze information about well servicing, resulting in improved efficiency. At December 31, 2007, we had 220 KeyView® units installed. The KeyView® system increases our and our customers' visibility into activities at the well site. Through this technology, we have the ability to (i) ensure proper rod and tubing make-up which will result in reduced downhole failures, (ii) improve efficiency, through better logistics and planning, and (iii) improve safety. We believe that this system provides us a competitive advantage as it is a patented technology. For a further discussion of the KeyView® system, see "BusinessPatents, Trade Secrets, Trademarks and Copyrights."
Our technology initiative was expanded with the acquisition of AMI in 2007. AMI designs and produces oilfield service data acquisition, control and information systems. AMI's technology platform and applications facilitate the collection of job performance and related information and digitally distributes the information to customers. AMI contributed to the development of the KeyView® system and will assist in the advancement of this technology.
Expansion of Services Offering. We believe that it is important to have a broad and diverse services offering. For this reason, we have invested in our pressure pumping segment and our fishing and rental segment. In addition, during 2006 we entered the cased-hole electric wireline business in Texas, and we expanded our cased-hole electric wireline operation during 2007. During 2008, we intend to seek opportunities to expand our wireline services to other markets and to expand our project in Mexico with Petróleos Mexicanos, the Mexican national oil company ("PEMEX"). We also have ordered six coiled tubing units which we expect to receive during the second quarter of 2008. We believe that some customers prefer to consolidate vendors and we feel that our expanded services offering may provide better opportunities for customer penetration.
Training and Developing Employees. We devote significant resources to the training and professional development of our employees, with a special emphasis on safety. We currently own and operate training centers in Texas, California, Wyoming and Louisiana. In addition, in conjunction with local community colleges, we have two cooperative training centers in New Mexico and Oklahoma. The training centers are used to enhance our employees' understanding of operating and safety procedures. We recognize the historically high turnover rate in the industry in which we operate. We are committed to offering attractive and competitive compensation, benefits and incentive programs for our employees in order to ensure a steady stream of qualified, safety conscious personnel that are able to provide quality service to our customers.
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Current Financial Condition and Liquidity
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, our availability under our senior secured credit facility, and our internally generated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to finance the cash requirements of our current and near-term future operations, including the capital expenditures we have budgeted for the remainder of the year. As of March 31, 2008, we had $30.1 million in cash and short term investments and $288.9 million of availability under our senior secured credit facility. In April 2008, we borrowed an additional $50.0 million under our senior secured credit facility to complete our acquisition of Western.
In July 2007, we adopted a near-term capital investment plan to return capital to our shareholders and to make strategic geographic-focused acquisitions. Our Board of Directors subsequently authorized a share repurchase program of up to $300 million which is effective through March 31, 2009. From the inception of the program in November 2007 through April 30, 2008, we have repurchased approximately 8.5 million shares of our common stock through open market transactions for approximately $111.9 million. Our repurchase program, as well as the amount and timing of the future repurchases, is subject to market conditions and our financial condition and liquidity.
The capital investment plan also provides for the Company to make acquisitions. During 2007, we completed three acquisitions for approximately $158.0 million in the aggregate, net of cash acquired. Our capital expenditure program for 2008 is expected to total approximately $175.0 million; however, that amount is subject to market conditions, including activity levels, commodity prices and industry capacity. Our focus in 2008 will be maximizing the utilization of our current equipment; however, we may seek to increase our 2008 capital expenditure budget in the event international expansion opportunities develop. See "Acquisitions" below.
Our stock repurchase program and acquisition program, as well as planned capital expenditures, are expected to be financed through a combination of cash on hand, cash flow from operations and borrowings under our senior secured credit facility.
Performance Measures
In determining the overall health of the oilfield service industry, we believe that the Baker Hughes U.S. land drilling rig count is the best barometer of capital spending and activity levels, since this data is made publicly available on a weekly basis. Historically, our activity levels have been highly correlated to capital spending by oil and natural gas producers. When commodity prices are strong, capital spending by our customers tends to be high, as illustrated by the Baker Hughes U.S. land drilling rig count. As the following table indicates, the land drilling rig count has increased significantly over the past several quarters as commodity prices, both oil and natural gas, have increased.
Year |
WTI Cushing Crude Oil(1) |
NYMEX Henry Hub Natural Gas(1) |
Average Baker Hughes Land Drilling Rigs(2) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | $ | 26.18 | $ | 3.37 | 717 | ||||
2003 | $ | 31.08 | $ | 5.49 | 924 | ||||
2004 | $ | 41.51 | $ | 6.18 | 1,095 | ||||
2005 | $ | 56.64 | $ | 9.02 | 1,290 | ||||
2006 | $ | 66.05 | $ | 6.98 | 1,559 | ||||
2007 | $ | 72.34 | $ | 7.12 | 1,695 | ||||
2007: |
|||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 58.08 | $ | 7.18 | 1,651 | ||||
Second Quarter | $ | 64.97 | $ | 7.66 | 1,680 | ||||
Third Quarter | $ | 75.46 | $ | 6.24 | 1,717 | ||||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 90.75 | $ | 7.39 | 1,733 | ||||
2008: |
|||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 97.94 | $ | 8.74 | 1,712 |
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Internally, we measure activity levels in our well servicing segment primarily through our rig and trucking hours. As capital spending by oil and natural gas producers increases, demand for our services also rises, resulting in increased rig and trucking services and more hours worked. Conversely, when activity levels decline due to lower spending by oil and natural gas producers, we provide fewer rig and trucking services, which results in lower hours worked. The number of rig and trucking hours, as well as pricing, may also be affected by increases in industry capacity. We publicly release our monthly rig and trucking hours. The following table presents our quarterly rig and trucking hours from 2005 through the first quarter of 2008.
|
Rig Hours |
Trucking Hours |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005: | |||||
First Quarter | 621,228 | 641,841 | |||
Second Quarter | 661,928 | 635,448 | |||
Third Quarter | 668,741 | 607,500 | |||
Fourth Quarter | 646,810 | 594,762 | |||
Total 2005: | 2,598,707 | 2,479,551 | |||
2006: | |||||
First Quarter | 663,819 | 609,317 | |||
Second Quarter | 679,545 | 602,118 | |||
Third Quarter | 677,271 | 587,129 | |||
Fourth Quarter | 637,994 | 578,471 | |||
Total 2006: | 2,658,629 | 2,377,035 | |||
2007: | |||||
First Quarter | 625,748 | 571,777 | |||
Second Quarter | 611,890 | 583,074 | |||
Third Quarter | 597,617 | 570,356 | |||
Fourth Quarter | 614,444 | 583,191 | |||
Total 2007: | 2,449,699 | 2,308,398 | |||
2008: | |||||
First Quarter | 659,462 | 585,040 |
In our pressure pumping segment, we track the total number of jobs performed to measure activity levels. The following table presents the types and total number of jobs performed by our pressure pumping services segment for the periods presented.
Year |
Fracturing |
Cementing |
Acidizing |
Other |
Total |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 1,329 | 1,558 | 1,057 | 106 | 4,050 | |||||
2006 | 1,585 | 1,958 | 639 | 96 | 4,278 | |||||
2007 | 2,152 | 2,074 | 481 | 77 | 4,784 |
The majority of our pressure pumping segment revenue (approximately 80 - 85%) is derived from our fracturing jobs.
Operating Environment
Market Conditions
Year Ended December 31, 2007
Activity levels in 2007 (as measured by our rig and trucking hours) were lower than 2006 due to increased supply of well service rigs and oilfield trucking assets in the market. Our activity declines occurred despite continued strength of commodity prices, including record high oil prices, and overall
41
industry demand for well services. Rig hours for 2007 totaled 2,449,699, a decrease of 7.9% from 2006. The decrease in activity levels would have been greater absent the impact of the businesses acquired during 2007. The Moncla acquisition included 59 well service rigs and during the fourth quarter those assets contributed approximately 34,000 rig hours.
Our trucking hours totaled 2,308,398, a decrease of 2.9% from 2006. The Baker Hughes land drilling rig count averaged 1,695 in 2007, an increase of approximately 8.7% from an average of 1,559 in 2006. The higher drilling rig count is indicative of the strength of the U.S. marketplace, which is directly associated with the strength of oil and natural gas prices. As of December 31, 2007, the Baker Hughes land drilling rig count totaled 1,719, while in 2007 the WTI Cushing price for light sweet crude averaged $72.34 per barrel and natural gas prices averaged $7.12 per MMbtu.
Quarter Ended March 31, 2008
The Baker Hughes land drilling rig count averaged 1,712 during the first quarter of 2008, an increase of approximately 3.7% from the average of 1,651 in the first quarter of 2007. Overall industry demand for the types of services we provide has remained high.
Including the effect of acquisitions made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007, activity levels in the first quarter of 2008 (as measured by our rig and truck hours) were higher compared to the same period in 2007. Acquisitions made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 contributed approximately 72,000 rig hours and 10,500 trucking hours during the first quarter of 2008. Additionally, our Mexico operations contributed approximately 6,000 rig hours during the first quarter of 2008, as compared to zero in the same period of 2007. Absent the increases in activity due to acquisitions and international expansion, our rig hours were down in the first quarter of 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007 and our trucking hours were essentially flat. We anticipated these changes in activity levels because of the increased supply of well service rigs and trucking assets in the market. However, the strategic acquisitions made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 more than offset the decline in our rig hours. In response to lower utilization of our assets, we began reducing pricing for some of our customers in certain markets during late 2007. We believe these reductions will lead to increased utilization of our equipment and recapture of market share.
In addition, we experienced an unexpected decline in activity in our Southeastern division (which principally covers Louisiana), and particularly in the inland barge rig market where we are the largest supplier. We believe that that the decrease was due primarily to customers delaying projects this year in light of poor weather conditions that had occurred in prior first quarters and that resulted in them suffering high incidences of standby charges.
Market Outlook for the Remainder of 2008
We believe that our business remains strong and that our activity levels will improve for the balance of 2008. We believe that the slowdown in the Louisiana barge rig market in our Southeastern division has reversed, and that utilization rates will be higher for the remainder of the year than were experienced in the first quarter. The onshore segment in this region has improved from the fourth quarter as well, and our backlog is building.
Commodity prices are still at record levels and demand for well servicing remains strong. As of March 31, 2008, crude oil prices were in excess of $105 per barrel and natural gas prices exceeded $10 per MMbtu. We believe that the current level of high oil and natural gas prices should result in our customers increasing their capital spending budgets in 2008, which we believe will drive demand for our services higher. We are also encouraged by the announcements by some of our customers stating their plans to increase their exploration and production budgets over 2007 levels.
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Our 2008 activity levels and financial performance are also expected to increase as a result of the acquisitions we made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 and the expansion of our Mexico operations. The Company's recent Kings and Western acquisitions in California are performing well and have been fully integrated into our operations. We believe that improvement in the Southeastern division, specifically the inland barge market, will continue. In addition, we anticipate that our Mexico operations will continue to expand during the remainder of 2008. We have five rigs working in Mexico as of the end of April 2008, and the sixth is expected to start working by the end of May. The Company anticipates that it will have three additional rig packages in Mexico by the third quarter of 2008 and up to two more units by the end of 2008. Additionally, we have secured pricing increases for our operations in Argentina and anticipate margins for those operations to continue to improve in 2008.
During the first quarter, we deployed a strategy to increase market share in the shale plays, emphasizing offerings in gas regions. We have significantly increased our presence in the Barnett Shale, with a strong presence across most of our service offerings, and, we believe that we are a leading provider in each of the Fayette, Bakken and Marcellus Shale. We expect these markets to provide significant prospects for growth. Other growth opportunities for 2008 include the creation of a coiled tubing group that will consist of our existing fleet of coiled tubing units and six state-of-the-art coiled tubing units that are scheduled to be delivered in the second quarter of 2008. In addition, we intend to continue the expansion of our cased-hole electric wireline business. We currently anticipate that we will place an additional six cased-hole wireline trucks into service during 2008.
Because the demand for our services is generally correlated to commodity prices and drilling activity, our activity levels could be negatively impacted in the event commodity prices decline rapidly or unexpectedly. During the first quarter of 2008, our business continued to face increased competition due to additional capacity and new market entrants; however, we believe that industry capacity additions are beginning to moderate. A number of oilfield service companies, including us, have announced that capital spending will generally be lower in 2008 than 2007. This should reduce the rate of growth of new equipment entering the market.
Acquisitions
Moncla Acquisition. On October 25, 2007, we purchased all of the outstanding shares and membership interests of Moncla. Moncla operated in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida. Headquartered in Lafayette, Louisiana, and with offices in Sour Lake, Texas and Sandersville, Mississippi, Moncla operated a total of 59 rigs (including six swabbing units) and had over 900 employees. Moncla's fleet included 37 daylight rigs for well servicing and workovers and eight twenty-four hour rigs for shallow drilling, sidetracking and deep workovers. In addition, the Moncla companies operated eight barge rigs, and owned rig-up, swab, hot oil and anchor trucks, tubing testing units and rental equipment.
The purchase price for Moncla was approximately $146.0 million, which consisted of net assets acquired of $131.3 million and assumed debt of $14.7 million. Amounts transferred at closing consisted of (i) $108.6 million of cash; (ii) the issuance of an unsecured promissory note for $12.5 million that is payable in a lump sum on October 25, 2009, with accrued interest payable on each anniversary date of the closing of the acquisition; and (iii) the issuance of an unsecured promissory note for $10.0 million that is payable in five annual installments of $2.0 million plus accrued interest on each annual anniversary date of the closing of the acquisition. Both promissory notes bear interest at the Federal Funds rate, adjusted annually on the anniversary of the closing date. The long-term debt assumed in the acquisition was repaid simultaneously with the closing of the transaction. During the first quarter of 2008, we refined the fair value allocation of the net asset acquired by decreasing working capital by $0.7 million, with a corresponding increase to goodwill.
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The Moncla purchase agreement entitles the former owners of Moncla to receive earnout payments, on each of the next five anniversary dates of the closing date of the acquisition, of up to $5.0 million (up to $25.0 million in total). The earnout payments are based on the achievement of certain revenue targets and profit percentage targets over the next five years and are payable upon achieving annual targets or a cumulative target on the fifth anniversary date. These payments represent an additional element of cost of the acquired entity and will be accounted for as an increase to goodwill if and when the contingent payment is made.
Western Acquisition. On April 3, 2008, we acquired Western for approximately $51 million in cash. Western, which is located in California, provides well service and horizontal drilling services, with all operations conducted in California. Western owns 22 working well service rigs, including 6 heavy-duty 24-hour rigs that are used for horizontal drilling projects. Other assets owned by Western include 3 stacked well service rigs and rental equipment used in the workover and rig relocation process. On April 1, 2008, we borrowed $50.0 million under our senior secured credit facility to complete the acquisition of Western.
Kings Acquisition. On December 7, 2007, we acquired the well service assets and related equipment of Kings. The acquired assets, all of which are located in California, included 36 marketed well service rigs, 10 stacked well service rigs and related support equipment. We anticipate that the acquired assets will contribute revenue of approximately $36 million in 2008. Total consideration paid for the transaction was approximately $45 million in cash, which included consideration for a noncompete agreement with the owner of Kings. During the first quarter of 2008, we refined the fair value allocation of the net assets acquired by increasing the fair value of the well service assets acquired by $1.5 million, decreased the fair value of the working capital accounts by $0.1 million, and paid additional fees related to the closing of the transaction of $0.1 million. These changes were offset by a corresponding net decrease to goodwill.
Technology Acquisition. On September 5, 2007, we purchased, through a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, all of the outstanding shares of AMI, a privately-held Canadian technology company focused on oilfield service equipment controls, data acquisition, and digital information work flow. The purchase price was $6.6 million in cash and the assumption of approximately $2.9 million in debt, which has since been paid in full. The purchase price is subject to a working capital adjustment mechanism which was settled in February 2008 and resulted in additional consideration paid of approximately $0.9 million. This also resulted in additional goodwill of $0.9 million. The purchase agreement also provided for deferred cash payments up to a maximum of $1.8 million related to the retention of key employees. On the date of acquisition, AMI owned a 48% interest in Advanced Flow Technologies, Inc. ("AFTI"), a privately-held Canadian technology company focused on low cost wireless gas well production monitoring. As part of the purchase of AMI we were required to exercise an option to increase AMI's interest in AFTI to 51.46%. The cost to exercise this option was approximately $0.5 million. As a result, through AMI we now own a 51.46% interest in AFTI. In connection with the acquisition of AMI, we became party to a revolving credit agreement with a maximum outstanding amount of $0.9 million. This facility was extinguished in November 2007.
We made no acquisitions during 2005 or 2006.
Discontinued Operations
On January 15, 2005, we completed the sale to Patterson-UTI Energy, Inc. of the majority of our contract drilling assets, which included drilling rigs and associated equipment in the Permian Basin and Four Corners regions and certain rigs from the Rocky Mountain region. In consideration of the sale, we received approximately $60.5 million in cash, after paying all fees related to the sale. The sale included approximately 25 active rigs and 10 stacked rigs as well as a number of rigs which had been classified as either scrap or salvage. The active rigs were mechanical with an average of approximately
44
700 horsepower and depth ratings of approximately 10,000 feet. As a result of the sale, we treated our drilling business as a discontinued operation for all periods presented and recorded an after-tax loss from discontinued operations of $3.4 million, or $0.03 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Cash flows from our discontinued operations have been segregated and individually presented for all years in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not anticipate that the absence of these cash flows in future periods will have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, results of operations or financial position.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth statements of operations for the periods indicated:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
REVENUES: | |||||||||||||||||
Well servicing | $ | 956,457 | $ | 1,201,228 | $ | 1,264,797 | $ | 311,160 | $ | 348,878 | |||||||
Pressure pumping | 152,320 | 247,489 | 299,348 | 74,077 | 81,852 | ||||||||||||
Fishing and rental | 81,667 | 97,460 | 97,867 | 23,682 | 25,669 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,190,444 | 1,546,177 | 1,662,012 | 408,919 | 456,399 | ||||||||||||
COSTS AND EXPENSES: | |||||||||||||||||
Well servicing | 634,043 | 725,008 | 738,694 | 175,529 | 211,751 | ||||||||||||
Pressure pumping | 92,301 | 138,377 | 189,645 | 46,533 | 53,779 | ||||||||||||
Fishing and rental | 53,899 | 57,217 | 57,275 | 13,451 | 16,111 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 111,888 | 126,011 | 129,623 | 29,614 | 39,976 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative | 151,303 | 195,527 | 230,396 | 52,064 | 67,732 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of amounts capitalized | 50,299 | 38,927 | 36,207 | 9,348 | 10,040 | ||||||||||||
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 20,918 | | 9,557 | | | ||||||||||||
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net | (656 | ) | (4,323 | ) | 1,752 | 250 | (266 | ) | |||||||||
Interest income | (2,713 | ) | (5,574 | ) | (6,630 | ) | (1,940 | ) | (508 | ) | |||||||
Other expense (income), net | (5,236 | ) | 527 | (447 | ) | (624 | ) | 877 | |||||||||
Total costs and expenses, net | 1,106,046 | 1,271,697 | 1,386,072 | 324,225 | 399,492 | ||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | 84,398 | 274,480 | 275,940 | 84,694 | 56,907 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense | (35,320 | ) | (103,447 | ) | (106,768 | ) | (32,504 | ) | (22,457 | ) | |||||||
Minority interest | | | 117 | | 34 | ||||||||||||
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | 49,078 | 171,033 | 169,289 | 52,190 | 34,484 | ||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax expense of $4,590 | (3,361 | ) | | | | | |||||||||||
NET INCOME | $ | 45,717 | $ | 171,033 | $ | 169,289 | $ | 52,190 | $ | 34,484 | |||||||
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Review of OperationsThree Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, our net income was $34.5 million, which represents a 33.9% decrease from the three months ended March 31, 2007. Our earnings per fully diluted share for the period was $0.27 per share compared to $0.39 per fully diluted share for the same period in 2007. The decline in earnings was primarily attributable to increased direct costs associated with businesses acquired during the third and fourth quarters of 2007, increased depreciation and amortization expense, and higher general and administrative costs, partially offset by higher revenues. A detailed review of our operations, including a review of our segments, for the quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 is provided below.
Revenues
Our revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased $47.5 million, or 11.6%, to $456.4 million from $408.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Changes in revenue for each of our reportable segments were (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Well servicing segment | $ | 37.7 | |
Pressure pumping segment | 7.8 | ||
Fishing and rental segment | 2.0 | ||
Total change | $ | 47.5 |
Businesses acquired during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 contributed approximately $45.0 million to the increase in well servicing revenues over the first quarter of 2007. Other increases in well servicing revenues were attributable to the expansion of our cased-hole electric wireline business, whose revenues increased approximately $4.6 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007, and the expansion of our international operations in Mexico, which contributed $5.7 million of revenue during the first quarter of 2008. Absent these items, well servicing revenue decreased approximately $17.6 million. This decrease was driven primarily by lower activity levels and reduced pricing in our domestic well servicing operations as new competition and increased capacity entered the marketplace, partially offset by higher rates and increased rig utilization for our operations in Argentina.
Revenues from our pressure pumping operations increased $7.8 million, or 10.5%, for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. During 2007, we expanded our pressure pumping operations in the Barnett Shale, and this segment saw a corresponding increase in the number of frac jobs performed for our customers. Offsetting the increase in frac revenue was a decline in the number of cement jobs performed by this segment, due mainly to increased competition in the Permian Basin region and a reduction in our pricing as a result of increased competition from new market entrants.
Revenues for our fishing and rental operations increased $2.0 million, or 8.4%, for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Poor weather in January and February of 2007 hampered the operations of our fishing and rental segment during the first quarter of 2007, and this segment's operations saw a significant increase in activity during the first quarter of 2008 that corresponded to the overall increase in activity in the sector.
46
Direct Costs
Direct costs increased $46.1 million, or 19.6%, to $281.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $235.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Direct costs as a percentage of revenue were 61.7% during 2008, versus 57.6% during 2007. The change in direct costs was the result of (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 8.4 | ||
Pressure pumping supplies and equipment | 6.1 | |||
Well servicing supplies and equipment | 5.9 | |||
Business acquisitions during 2007 | 26.3 | |||
Self-insurance costs | (1.9 | ) | ||
Other | 1.3 | |||
Total change | $ | 46.1 |
Exclusive of the effects of acquisitions made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007, employee compensation costs, which include salaries, bonuses, 401(k) matching and related expenses, increased approximately $8.4 million primarily as a result of increased wage rates, higher incentive compensation and increased headcount. The labor market for our employees continues to be extremely tight, and in order to retain quality personnel, we have increased wage rates and bonuses from their levels in the first quarter of 2007.
Supply and equipment costs for our pressure pumping operations, which primarily include frac sand, chemicals, and the transportation costs associated with obtaining those supplies, increased approximately $6.1 million, or 18.1%, during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase in these costs was driven primarily by the expansion of our pressure pumping fleet during 2007, and by increasing market prices for the purchase and transportation of supplies. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we began purchasing our own trucks to haul frac sand in order to reduce our reliance on third-party transportation services, and the cost savings associated with this partially offset the increase.
Supplies and equipment for our well servicing operations increased approximately $5.9 million, or 11.1%, during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. A major contributor to the increase was the cost of fuel, which increased approximately $4.8 million, or 39.0%.
Acquisitions made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 also contributed to the increase in direct costs during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Direct costs from acquired businesses included approximately $12.7 million of employee-compensation related costs, $9.1 million of repairs and maintenance and other equipment-related costs, and $4.5 million of other direct costs.
The Company's self-insurance costs, which are primarily associated with workers' compensation, vehicular liability coverage and insurance premiums, decreased during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. We have focused on improving safety performance, and over the last several years the number of reportable incidents has declined, leading to lower current period premiums and costs associated with incidents.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $10.4 million during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007. Assets acquired through business combinations during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 contributed approximately $6.1 million of depreciation and
47
amortization expense during the first quarter of 2008. The remainder of the increase can be attributed to our larger fixed asset base; since the end of the first quarter of 2007, we have cumulatively spent approximately $196.6 million on capital expenditures.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $15.7 million, or 30.1%, to $67.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to $52.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. The change in general and administrative expense was the result of (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 6.6 | |
Legal reserves and settlements | 2.8 | ||
Bad debt | 0.5 | ||
Acquisitions during 2007 | 3.3 | ||
Other | 2.5 | ||
Total change | $ | 15.7 |
Employee compensation, which includes salaries, cash bonuses, equity-based compensation, health insurance, 401(k) matching and other related costs, increased $6.6 million to $31.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Increases in general and administrative employee compensation were driven primarily by the expansion of our business development efforts, which included the reassignment of certain operational employees previously classified as direct costs of approximately $1.9 million and the hiring of additional employees of approximately $1.1 million, and the expansion of our international operations, which contributed an additional $1.4 million in general and administrative employee compensation. All other general and administrative employee compensation costs increased approximately $0.8 million during the first quarter of 2008. Absent the expansion of our business development operations, corporate general and administrative headcount remained largely unchanged from the first quarter of 2007. Total equity-based employee compensation was $3.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, compared to $2.3 million for the first quarter of 2007. Increases in equity-based compensation were driven primarily by equity grants made to our employees during the third quarter of 2007.
Reserves and settlements for legal matters increased approximately $2.8 million during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was related to several matters and reflects management's assessment of the probability of and estimates of loss from the outcome of these matters.
Excluding bad debt expense related to our acquisitions, bad debt expense increased $0.5 million to $0.9 million during the first quarter of 2008, compared to $0.4 million during the same period in 2007. The increase in bad debt was primarily attributable to allowances recorded due to our assessment of the collectability of certain receivables.
Business acquisitions completed during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 contributed approximately $3.3 million of general and administrative expenses during the first quarter of 2008. General and administrative expenses from acquired businesses during the three months ended March 31, 2008 consisted of approximately $1.6 million of employee compensation and related costs and $1.7 million of other general and administrative costs.
Our professional fees were relatively flat between the first quarter of 2008, compared to the first quarter of 2007. We anticipate these fees to decline over the course of 2008 due to the timing of audit costs and an overall reduction in costs.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $0.7 million, or 7.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared to the same period in 2007. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to increased debt levels and a higher weighted average interest rate on our outstanding debt.
Interest Income
Interest income declined approximately $1.4 million to $0.5 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to $1.9 million for the first quarter of 2007. The decline in interest income is primarily attributable to the reduction in our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, as a result of cash payments during the fourth quarter of 2007 in connection with our acquisition of Moncla Well Service, Inc. and related entities.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense decreased $10.0 million, or 30.9%, to $22.5 million for the first quarter of 2008 from $32.5 million for the first quarter of 2007. The decrease in income tax expense during the first quarter of 2008 is primarily attributable to lower taxable income. Our effective tax rates were 39.5% and 38.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Our effective tax rate has increased because of our expansion into more international tax jurisdictions, while our taxable income has decreased primarily due to margin contractions in certain of our core segments, offset by higher taxable income for our pressure pumping operations, and the acquisitions we made during the third and fourth quarters of 2007.
Review of OperationsYear Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006, and Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2005
For the year ended December 31, 2007, our revenue reached a record high. Our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled $1.66 billion, which represents a 7.5% increase over the prior year. Our net income for the year totaled $169.3 million, which represents a 1.0% decrease from the prior year while our earnings per fully diluted share totaled $1.27 compared to $1.28 from the prior year.
Impacting our net income and earnings per share for 2007 results were costs associated with the refinancing of our indebtedness in the fourth quarter of 2007. These include a loss related to the early extinguishment of our prior senior secured credit facility which totaled $9.6 million, or $0.04 per fully diluted share, and the termination of two interest rate swaps associated with that debt, which resulted in a loss of $2.3 million, or $0.01 per fully diluted share.
A detailed review of our operations, including a review of our segments, is provided below.
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Revenue
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased $115.8 million, or 7.5%, to $1.66 billion from $1.55 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in revenue relates to:
Revenue (in millions) |
Change from 2006 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Well servicing segment | $ | 63.5 | |
Pressure pumping segment | $ | 51.9 | |
Fishing & rental segment | $ | 0.4 | |
Total change | $ | 115.8 |
Businesses acquired during 2007 contributed approximately $26.5 million of the increase in the well servicing segment over 2006. The Moncla transaction included 59 well service rigs, and during the fourth quarter those assets contributed approximately 34,000 rig hours and $23.6 million in revenue. The remaining $2.9 million of revenues from acquired businesses is attributable to AMI. Mexican operations began during the second quarter of 2007 and added $9.0 million in revenue to our well servicing segment. We presently operate three well service rigs in Mexico and the number of rigs in Mexico is anticipated to increase by eight rigs (for a total of 11 rigs) during 2008. Our cased-hole electric wireline activities in our well servicing segment also expanded during the year, providing a $13.7 million increase in revenues as we added additional units to our fleet. We believe this business offers a good growth opportunity and we intend to add additional cased-hole electric wireline units during 2008. Absent these items, overall increases in well servicing segment revenue were driven primarily by the impact of pricing increases that were implemented during the middle of 2006, though we were affected by declines in prices in the second half of 2007. Revenue was also affected by declines in rig and truck hours, as competition in the well servicing sector increased during 2007 and we lost market share to new capacity in the marketplace. Our pressure pumping segment revenue increased as we deployed additional frac pumps and cement units. This allowed us to perform more frac jobs, which is the primary revenue driver in our pressure pumping segment. Revenue in the fishing and rental segment was flat compared to 2006.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased $355.7 million, or 29.9%, to $1.55 billion from $1.19 billion for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in revenue relates to:
Revenue (in millions) |
Change from 2005 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Well servicing segment | $ | 244.7 | |
Pressure pumping segment | $ | 95.2 | |
Fishing & rental segment | $ | 15.8 | |
Total change | $ | 355.7 |
Our well servicing segment benefited from a 2.3% increase in our rig hours combined with a significant improvement in the pricing for our well service rig services. Our pressure pumping segment revenue increased as we deployed new frac pumps and cement units, adding to our fleet. This allowed us to perform more frac jobs, which is the primary revenue driver in our pressure pumping segment. Fishing and rental revenue increased principally due to higher activity levels and improved pricing.
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Direct Costs
Direct costs as a percentage of total revenue improved to 59.3% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 59.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006. Direct costs as a percentage of total revenue improved to 59.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to 65.5% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Year ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Consolidated direct costs for the year ended December 31, 2007 increased $65.0 million, or 7.1%, to $985.6 million from $920.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The $65.0 million increase is primarily the result of:
Direct Costs (in millions) |
Change from 2006 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 25.4 | ||
Pressure pumping supplies and equipment | $ | 41.6 | ||
Well service acquisitions | $ | 16.0 | ||
Self-insurance costs | $ | (21.8 | ) | |
Other costs | $ | 3.8 | ||
Total change | $ | 65.0 |
Our employee compensation costs, which include salaries, bonuses and related expenses, increased $25.4 million primarily as the result of increased incentive compensation and increased headcount, exclusive of the impact of acquisitions. Wage and bonus increases during the year were necessary, as the market for our labor continues to be extremely competitive. With new competitors entering the market and existing competitors adding equipment capacity, we were forced to increase wage rates in order to maintain our high levels of quality personnel. Supplies and equipment for our pressure pumping segment increased $41.6 million, primarily as a result of increases in the size of our pressure pumping fleet and increases in the costs to purchase and transport materials used in providing services to our customers. Acquisitions in our well services segment added $16.0 million to our direct costs in 2007. Our self-insurance costs, composed of costs associated with workers compensation, vehicular liability exposure, and insurance premiums declined significantly in 2007 as compared to 2006. We have been focused on improving our safety performance, and in 2007 the number and severity of safety related accidents declined. We continue to focus on safety improvements and our safety performance is a component of our incentive compensation program.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Consolidated direct costs for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased $140.4 million, or 18.0%, to $920.6 million from $780.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The $140.4 million increase is primarily the result of:
Direct Costs (in millions) |
Change from 2005 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 97.0 | ||
Well service equipment and supplies | $ | 17.9 | ||
Pressure pumping equipment and supplies | $ | 36.6 | ||
Other costs | $ | (11.1 | ) | |
Total change | $ | 140.4 |
Our employee compensation costs, which include salaries, bonuses and related expenses increased $97.0 million, primarily as the result of increased incentive compensation and increased headcount. Wage and bonus increases during the year were necessary, as the market for our labor continues to be
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extremely competitive. With new competitors entering the market and existing competitors adding equipment capacity, we were forced to increase wage rates in order to maintain our high levels of quality personnel. Supplies and equipment costs for our well servicing operations increased $17.9 million in 2006 compared to 2005, primarily as a result of increases in costs associated with higher activity levels, which results in strong utilization of our equipment and therefore, more wear and tear on our operational assets. Additionally, many of the assets we acquired through acquisitions during the 1994 - 2002 timeframe are beginning to reach the end of their economic useful lives; because of this, these assets require greater repairs and maintenance to keep them productive and operating. The repair and maintenance expense is also a function of our proactive maintenance programs. Supplies and equipment for our pressure pumping operations increased $36.6 million, primarily as a result of increases in the size of our fleet as we added equipment year over year, as well as increases in the costs to purchase and transport sand and chemicals used in our operations. Other costs declined $11.1 million, primarily as a result of reductions in self insurance costs.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $3.6 million, or 2.9%, to $129.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $126.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Contributing to the increase in depreciation and amortization expense was depreciation expense associated with our acquisitions during 2007, which totaled approximately $4.8 million, and increased depreciation of approximately $7.7 million related to management's reassessment of the useful lives of certain assets. Excluding the depreciation and amortization expense associated with acquisitions and reassessment of useful lives, our depreciation expense would have declined approximately $8.9 million because the assets we added through various acquisitions during the 1994 to 2002 time period are now reaching the end of their depreciable lives. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled 7.8%, compared to 8.1% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $14.1 million, or 12.6%, to $126.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $111.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase is primarily attributable to a greater fixed asset base, which is due to increased capital expenditures. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our capital expenditures totaled approximately $195.8 million, as compared to $118.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled 8.1%, compared to 9.4% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
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General and Administrative Expense
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
General and administrative ("G&A") expense increased $34.9 million, or 17.8%, to $230.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $195.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The $34.9 million increase is primarily the result of:
G&A Expense (in millions) |
Change from 2006 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 7.5 | |
Acquisitions | $ | 3.0 | |
2006 legal settlement to the Company | $ | 7.5 | |
Professional fees | $ | 9.6 | |
Bad debt expense | $ | 1.8 | |
Other | $ | 5.5 | |
Total change | $ | 34.9 |
Employee compensation, exclusive of the impact of acquisitions, which includes salaries, bonuses, equity based compensation and payroll taxes, increased primarily due to higher equity based compensation and, to a lesser extent, increased salaries. Equity based compensation expense, excluding grants made to our outside directors, during 2007 totaled $12.0 million, compared to $5.6 million during 2006. The $6.4 million increase is primarily attributable to awards granted under our Phantom Share Plan at the end of 2006, as well as incremental stock options, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights awarded during 2007 under our 1997 Incentive Plan. G&A expenses added through acquisitions made during 2007 contributed $3.0 million to the increase in costs when compared to 2006.
G&A also increased in 2007, because G&A in 2006 included a $7.5 million benefit from a legal settlement in 2006 that was not repeated during 2007. Professional fees increased approximately $9.6 million during 2007, primarily due to our financial reporting process. Also contributing to the increase in G&A was an additional $1.8 million in bad debt expense and $5.5 million in other G&A costs. G&A expense as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled 13.9% compared to 12.6% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
G&A expense increased $44.2 million, or 29.2%, to $195.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to $151.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increases in G&A expense are primarily attributable to:
G&A Expense (in millions) |
Change from 2005 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 40.5 | ||
2006 legal settlement | $ | (7.5 | ) | |
Other costs | $ | 11.2 | ||
Total change | $ | 44.2 |
Compensation related expenses increased primarily due to increased staff, higher equity based compensation and increased incentive compensation expense. Equity based compensation expense during 2006 totaled $5.6 million compared to $1.7 million during 2005, primarily due to incremental stock options and restricted stock granted during 2006. The 2006 period also benefited from a $7.5 million legal settlement. With the increases in staff, other general and administrative costs associated with additional employees, including but not limited to office and computer supplies and travel, also increased. These other G&A costs increased $11.2 million in 2006 as compared to 2005.
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G&A expense as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled 12.6% compared to 12.7% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Interest Expense
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Interest expense decreased $2.7 million, or 7.0%, to $36.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease is primarily the result of the impact of higher capitalized interest as a result of higher capital expenditures. This decrease was partially offset by a one-time $2.3 million cost associated with the settlement of two interest rate swaps that were terminated in connection with the termination of our prior senior secured credit facility in 2007. Interest expense as a percent of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 totaled 2.2%, compared to 2.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006. We anticipate that our interest expense will be higher in 2008 as our total debt has increased from the prior year.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Interest expense decreased $11.4 million, or 22.6%, to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $50.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease was the result of lower interest rates under our prior senior secured credit facility, which was entered into in July 2005 and used to refinance all of our then-outstanding senior notes. The refinancing eliminated the monthly consent fees which were being paid to bondholders due to our failure to file SEC reports. Interest expense as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 totaled 2.5%, compared to 4.2% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Loss on Early Extinguishment of Debt
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we incurred a loss of $9.6 million associated with the termination of our prior senior secured credit facility. During 2007, we issued $425.0 million of the outstanding notes and used the proceeds to retire the term loans then outstanding under our prior senior secured credit facility. Concurrently, we entered into our senior secured credit facility and terminated our prior senior secured credit facility. The loss represents the write-off of debt issue costs we incurred when we entered into our prior senior secured credit facility.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we did not incur any losses associated with the retirement of long-term debt obligations; however, for the year ended December 31, 2005, we incurred losses totaling $20.9 million associated with the termination of our prior senior secured credit facility and the redemption or repayment of $425.0 million in senior notes.
Income Taxes
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Our income tax expense was $106.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, as compared to income tax expense of $103.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our effective tax rate in 2007 was 38.7%, as compared to 37.7% in 2006. The increase in income tax and our effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the Texas Margins Tax, which added $5.5 million of state income taxes during 2007. In general, differences between the effective tax rates and the statutory rate of 35% result primarily from the effect of certain foreign and state income taxes and permanent items attributable to book-tax differences.
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Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Our income tax expense was $103.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, as compared to income tax expense from continuing operations of $35.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in income tax was the result of higher taxable income. Our effective tax rate in 2006 was 37.7%, as compared to 41.8% in 2005. In general, differences between the effective tax rates and the statutory rate of 35% result primarily from the effect of certain foreign and state income taxes and permanent items attributable to book-tax differences.
Segment Results
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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Year Ended December 31, |
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Segments |
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2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2007 |
2008 |
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(unaudited) |
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(in thousands, except for percentages) |
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Well Servicing | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 956,457 | $ | 1,201,228 | $ | 1,264,797 | $ | 311,160 | $ | 348,878 | |||||||
Direct Costs | 634,043 | 725,008 | 738,694 | 175,529 | 211,751 | ||||||||||||
Gross Profit | 322,414 | 476,220 | 526,103 | 135,631 | 137,127 | ||||||||||||
Gross Margin | 33.7 | % | 39.6 | % | 41.6 | % | 43.6 | % | 39.3 | % | |||||||
Pressure Pumping | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 152,320 | $ | 247,489 | $ | 299,348 | $ | 74,077 | $ | 81,852 | |||||||
Direct Costs | 92,301 | 138,377 | 189,645 | 46,533 | 53,779 | ||||||||||||
Gross Profit | 60,019 | 109,112 | 109,703 | 27,544 | 28,073 | ||||||||||||
Gross Margin | 39.4 | % | 44.1 | % | 36.6 | % | 37.2 | % | 34.3 | % | |||||||
Fishing & Rental | |||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 81,667 | $ | 97,460 | $ | 97,867 | $ | 23,682 | $ | 25,669 | |||||||
Direct Costs | 53,899 | 57,217 | 57,275 | 13,451 | 16,111 | ||||||||||||
Gross Profit | 27,768 | 40,243 | 40,592 | 10,231 | 9,558 | ||||||||||||
Gross Margin | 34.0 | % | 41.3 | % | 41.5 | % | 43.2 | % | 37.2 | % |
Well Servicing Segment
Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Well servicing segment revenue increased $37.7 million, or 12.1%, to $348.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to $311.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Businesses acquired during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 contributed approximately $45.0 million to the increase in our well servicing segment revenues for the first quarter of 2007. Other increases in well servicing revenues were attributable to the expansion of our cased-hole electric wireline business, whose revenues increased approximately $4.6 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007, and the expansion of our international operations in Mexico, which contributed $5.7 million of revenue during the first quarter of 2008. Absent these items, well servicing revenue decreased approximately $17.6 million. This decrease was driven primarily by lower activity levels and reduced pricing in our domestic well servicing operations, resulting from new competition and increased capacity entered the marketplace, partially offset by higher rates and increased rig utilization for our operations in Argentina.
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Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Well servicing segment revenue increased $63.5 million, or 5.3%, to $1.26 billion for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to revenue of $1.20 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in revenue is largely attributable to the impact of the acquisition of Moncla, which contributed $23.6 million, $9.0 million from our contract with PEMEX in Mexico and $13.7 million in higher revenue from our cased-hole electric wireline operations. The remainder of the increase is a result of the full-year impact of pricing increases implemented during the second half of 2006, though revenues were affected by declines in activity levels and reductions from overall peak pricing in the second half of 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2007, our rig hours decreased 7.9% compared to the year ended December 31, 2006 and our trucking hours decreased 2.9% during the comparable period. The decrease in both rig and trucking hours was due primarily to lost market share to new market entrants.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Well servicing segment revenues increased $244.7 million, or 25.6%, to $1.20 billion for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to revenue of $956.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in revenue is largely attributable to higher pricing for our well service rigs and modestly higher activity levels. Because of continued high commodity prices and strong demand for maintenance and workover-related services, we implemented multiple price increases during 2006. This resulted in increased revenue year-over-year. Also, during the year ended December 31, 2006, our rig hours increased 2.3% compared to the year ended December 31, 2005, while our trucking hours decreased 4.1% during the comparable period. The decrease in trucking hours was due primarily to lost market share to new market entrants.
Direct Costs
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Direct costs for our well servicing segment were $211.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008, which represented an increase of $36.2 million, or 20.6%, from the same period in 2007. The increase in direct costs for our well servicing segment was attributable to (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation. | $ | 6.9 | ||
Business acquisitions during 2007 | 26.3 | |||
Self-insurance costs | (2.3 | ) | ||
Equipment and supplies. | 5.9 | |||
Other | (0.6 | ) | ||
Total change | $ | 36.2 |
Employee compensation costs, which include salaries, bonuses, health insurance, 401(k) matching and related payroll taxes, increased approximately $6.9 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007, primarily as a result of increased wage rates, higher incentive compensation and increased headcount. The labor market for our employees continues to be extremely tight, and in order to retain quality personnel, we have increased wage rates and bonuses from their levels in the first quarter of 2007.
Businesses acquired during 2007 contributed approximately $26.3 million of direct costs during the first quarter of 2008. Direct costs from acquired businesses included approximately $12.7 million of
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employee compensation-related expenses, $9.1 million of repairs and maintenance and other equipment-related costs, and $4.5 million of other direct costs.
Self-insurance costs for our well servicing segment, which are primarily associated with workers' compensation, vehicular liability coverage and insurance premiums, decreased approximately $2.3 million during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007. We have focused on improving safety performance, and over the last several years the number of reportable incidents has declined, leading to lower current period premiums and costs associated with incidents.
Equipment and supply costs for our well servicing segment increased approximately $5.9 million during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The majority of the increase in equipment and supply costs relates to the increased price of fuel. Fuel costs for our well servicing operations increased approximately $4.8 million, or 39.0%, from the first quarter of 2007.
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Direct costs as a percent of total well servicing segment revenue improved to 58.4% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 60.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006. Well servicing direct costs increased $13.7 million, or 1.9%, to $738.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $725.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Acquisitions made during 2007 contributed approximately $16.0 million to the increase in direct costs. Excluding the effect of acquisitions, well servicing direct costs increased as a result of higher employee compensation costs of $17.2 million. Compensation related expenses increased due to the need to retain our workforce. As a result of new equipment capacity in the marketplace, the demand for labor remains strong and we have implemented programs to retain our personnel, including higher wage rates. Partially offsetting the increased compensation costs was a $22.8 million decrease in costs associated with our self-insurance programs. These costs, which include workers compensation, vehicular liability exposure and insurance premiums declined primarily as a result of improved safety performance and fewer and less severe incidents in 2007 compared to 2006. Other well servicing direct expenses increased approximately $3.3 million.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Direct costs as a percent of total well servicing segment revenue improved to 60.4% for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to 66.3% for the year ended December 31, 2005. Well servicing direct costs increased $91.0 million, or 14.3%, to $725.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $634.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The overall increase in direct costs is largely attributable to higher activity levels. During the year, direct labor costs increased $83.4 million due primarily to higher compensation related expenses and higher workers compensation expense. Compensation related expenses increased due to increased headcount, increased payroll hours and higher wages, all of which are attributable to increased demand for our services. Further, because demand for personnel had been very high due to strong market conditions, we increased wage rates for our employees in order to retain our employees and minimize employee turnover. Equipment costs increased $17.9 million during 2006 due primarily to higher repair and maintenance expense and higher supplies expense. This is the result of increased activity levels. Other direct well servicing costs decreased $10.3 million, which is largely attributable to lower self-insurance related costs.
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Pressure Pumping Services Segment
Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Pressure pumping services ("PPS") segment revenue increased $7.8 million, or 10.5%, to $81.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 compared to $74.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007. Increased revenue in our PPS segment is primarily attributable to the addition of several frac crews to serve our customer base in the Barnett Shale region, partially offset by declines in cementing operations due to increased competition.
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
PPS segment revenue increased $51.9 million, or 21.0%, to $299.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to revenue of $247.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in revenue is attributable to the purchase of incremental pressure pumping equipment and higher activity levels, but was offset somewhat by lower pricing in 2007. Over the course of 2006 and 2007 we purchased additional new pressure pumping equipment to service and satisfy our customers' needs, increasing the size of our fleet. The new equipment resulted in additional services performed, which resulted in higher revenue during 2007. During 2007, we completed 2,152 fracturing jobs and 2,074 cementing jobs as compared to 1,585 and 1,958, respectively, in 2006. Fracturing and cementing jobs accounted for the substantial majority of the PPS segment revenue.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
PPS segment revenues increased $95.2 million, or 62.5%, to $247.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to revenue of $152.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in revenue is attributable to the purchase of incremental pressure pumping equipment, higher activity levels and higher pricing for our services. Over the course of 2006 and 2005 we purchased additional new pressure pumping equipment to service and satisfy our customers' needs, increasing the size of our fleet. The new equipment resulted in additional services performed, which resulted in higher revenue during 2006. During 2006, we completed 1,585 fracturing jobs and 1,958 cementing jobs as compared to 1,329 and 1,558, respectively, in 2005. Fracturing and cementing jobs accounted for the substantial majority of the PPS segment revenues.
Direct Costs
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Direct costs for our PPS segment were $53.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2008, which represented an increase of $7.2 million, or 15.6%, from the same period in 2007. The increase in direct costs for our PPS segment was attributable to (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation. | $ | 1.0 | |
Equipment costs | 1.3 | ||
Supply costs | 4.8 | ||
Other | 0.1 | ||
Total change | $ | 7.2 |
Employee compensation costs for our pressure pumping operations increased approximately $1.0 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Increases in employee
58
compensation were driven primarily by higher wage rates for our crews and the addition of several frac crews during 2007 to support our increased operations in the Barnett Shale.
Equipment and supply costs for our pressure pumping operations increased approximately $6.1 million during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The two major contributors to the increase in equipment and supply costs were the increased cost of fuel (approximately $1.7 million) and the increased cost of frac sand and chemicals ($2.8 million) and the related costs to transport those items ($2.3 million). The increase in these costs was driven primarily by the expansion of our pressure pumping fleet during 2007, and by increasing market prices for the purchase and transportation of supplies. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we began purchasing our own trucks to haul frac sand in order to reduce our reliance on third-party transportation services, and the cost savings associated with this partially offset the increase.
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Direct costs as a percent of total PPS segment revenue worsened to 63.4% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 55.9% for the year ended December 31, 2006. PPS direct costs increased $51.3 million, or 37.0%, to $189.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $138.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in direct costs is largely attributable to costs associated with increased demand for pressure pumping services and the increased size of our pressure pumping fleet. During 2007, costs related to employee compensation for the pressure pumping segment increased $8.8 million due primarily to expansion of our pressure pumping fleet through the introduction of new equipment, which required us to hire additional personnel and increased wage rates for our crews. Our equipment costs increased $13.2 million from 2006 primarily due to the expansion of our pressure pumping fleet. Additionally, sand, chemical and associated freight costs increased approximately $29.3 million during 2007. These costs relate to the purchase of sand and chemicals used in our operations from our various suppliers and the shipment to our pressure pumping facilities and job locations. As activity levels in our pressure pumping segment increased in 2007, we used greater amounts of sand and chemicals. Additionally, as overall activity in the pressure pumping sector increased during 2007, the costs for the materials and their transportation increased.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Direct costs as a percent of total PPS segment revenue improved to 55.9% for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to 60.6% for the year ended December 31, 2005. PPS direct costs increased $46.1 million, or 49.9%, to $138.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $92.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in direct costs is largely attributable to costs associated with increased demand for pressure pumping services and the increased size of our pressure pumping fleet. During 2006, direct labor costs increased $9.5 million due primarily to higher compensation related expenses and higher contract labor costs. Compensation related expenses increased due to increased headcount, increased payroll hours and higher wages, all of which are attributable to increased demand for our services. Further, because of the expansion of our pressure pumping fleet, we hired additional personnel to operate the new equipment, and because demand for personnel had been high due to strong market conditions, we increased wage rates in order to retain our employees. Equipment costs increased $12.5 million in 2006 due primarily to higher repair and maintenance expense, higher fuel expense and higher supplies expense. These increases are all the result of increased activity levels and the expansion of our pressure pumping fleet. Other direct pressure pumping costs increased $24.1 million. This increase is due primarily to higher sand and chemical product purchases, as well as higher freight costs.
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Fishing and Rental Services Segment
Revenue
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Fishing and rental services ("FRS") segment revenue increased $2.0 million, or 8.4%, for the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Poor weather in January and February of 2007 hampered the operations of our FRS segment during the first quarter of 2007, and this segment's operations saw a significant increase in activity during the first quarter of 2008 that corresponded to the overall increase in activity in the sector
Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
FRS segment revenue totaled $97.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to revenue of $97.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Although the segment benefited from additional rental equipment in 2007, these equipment additions were offset somewhat by lower overall pricing.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
FRS segment revenue increased $15.8 million, or 19.3%, to $97.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to revenue of $81.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in revenue is due to higher activity levels and improved pricing for our services. In addition, the FRS segment benefited from the implementation of our management team's turnaround efforts which began during 2005.
Direct Costs
Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 versus Three Months Ended March 31, 2007
Direct costs for our FRS segment increased $2.7 million, or 19.8%, to $16.1 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to $13.5 million for the first quarter of 2007. Increased direct costs for this segment are attributable to (in millions):
|
Change from Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Employee compensation | $ | 0.6 | |
Equipment costs. | 1.7 | ||
Other | 0.4 | ||
Total change. | $ | 2.7 |
Employee compensation costs for our fishing and rental operations increased approximately $0.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The increase in employee compensation was driven primarily by increased headcount, which increased approximately 5% in this segment during the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007.
Equipment costs increased approximately $1.7 million for our fishing and rental operations during the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007. Contributing to the increase in equipment costs are increased fuel expenses (approximately $0.4 million) associated with higher gas and diesel prices, increases for supplies and small parts ($0.4 million) associated with the expansion of this segment's deepwater operations in southern Louisiana, and other third-party expenses ($0.7 million) incurred by this segment associated primarily with tool subrentals.
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Year Ended December 31, 2007 versus Year Ended December 31, 2006
Direct costs as a percent of total FRS segment revenue improved to 58.5% for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to 58.7% for the year ended December 31, 2006. FRS direct costs were flat at $57.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Year Ended December 31, 2006 versus Year Ended December 31, 2005
Direct costs as a percent of total FRS segment revenue improved to 58.7% for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to 66.0% for the year ended December 31, 2005. FRS direct costs increased $3.3 million, or 6.2%, to $57.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $53.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in direct costs is largely attributable to increased demand for our services. During the year, direct labor costs increased $4.2 million from the prior year. The FRS segment recorded higher labor costs due to higher activity levels, and incentive payments increased due to improved financial performance. Equipment costs were essentially flat, declining by $0.2 million while other direct costs decreased $0.7 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historical Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
2008 |
|||||
|
(unaudited) (in thousands) |
||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 86,850 | 70,311 | |||||
Cash paid for capital expenditures | (46,375 | ) | (30,375 | ) | |||
Cash paid for short-term investments | (83,077 | ) | | ||||
Cash proceeds received from sales of short-term investments | 18,635 | | |||||
Other investing activities, net | 265 | 9 | |||||
Repayments of long-term debt and capital leases | (3,591 | ) | (3,006 | ) | |||
Cash paid to repurchase common stock | | (65,376 | ) | ||||
Other financing activities, net | | 147 | |||||
Effect of exchange rates on cash | (370 | ) | (342 | ) | |||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (27,663 | ) | $ | (28,632 | ) | |
Sources of Liquidity
Our sources of liquidity include our current cash and cash equivalents, availability under our senior secured credit facility, and internally generated cash flows from operations. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we refinanced our indebtedness. We issued $425.0 million of the outstanding notes and used the proceeds from that issuance to retire our then-existing senior credit facility. The outstanding notes have a coupon of 83/8%, do not require prepayments, and mature in 2014. We also entered into our current senior secured credit facility during the fourth quarter of 2007. The senior secured credit facility consists of a revolving credit facility, a letter of credit sub-facility and a swing line facility up to an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million, all of which mature no later than 2012. As of March 31, 2008, $50.0 million of borrowings were outstanding under the revolving credit facility and $61.1 million of letters of credit issued under the letter of credit sub-facility were outstanding, which
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reduces the total borrowing capacity under the senior secured credit facility. As of March 31, 2008, we had $288.9 million of available borrowing capacity under the senior secured credit facility.
We believe that our liquidity position is strong. As of March 31, 2008, we had approximately $522.2 million of total long-term debt and capital leases, including notes payable to affiliates, and we believe that this amount is acceptable given our recent financial performance and our belief that industry activity levels for the remainder of 2008 should remain stable. On April 1, 2008, we borrowed an additional $50.0 million under our senior secured credit facility to complete our acquisition of Western on April 3, 2008.
Cash Requirements
For the remainder of 2008, we anticipate our cash requirements to include working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions and the repurchase of our common stock. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, our availability under our senior secured credit facility, and our internally generated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to finance the cash requirements of our current and near-term future operations, including the capital expenditures we have budgeted for the remainder of the year. We do not budget for acquisitions; however, we continuously evaluate opportunities that fit our specific acquisition profile. We anticipate financing any future acquisitions through a combination of our cash on hand, future cash flows from operations, and availability under our senior secured credit facility.
We anticipate that our capital expenditures in 2008, excluding acquisitions, will be approximately $175.0 million. For the past three years we have devoted significant amounts of our cash flow from operations to support organic growth. From the beginning of 2005 through December 31, 2007, we have cumulatively invested approximately $526.5 million in our rig fleet and equipment, excluding acquisitions. Capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2007 were $212.6 million, excluding acquisitions.
In October 2007, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $300.0 million which is effective through March 31, 2009. From the inception of the program in November 2007 through April 30, 2008, we have repurchased approximately 8.5 million shares of our common stock through open market transactions for approximately $111.9 million. Share repurchases during the year ended December 31, 2007 were approximately 2.3 million shares for approximately $32.2 million, and share repurchases during the first quarter of 2008 were approximately 5.2 million shares for approximately $65.3 million. Our repurchase program, as well as the amount and timing of future repurchases, is subject to market conditions, our financial condition, and our liquidity. Our senior secured credit facility permits us to make stock repurchases in excess of $200.0 million only if our consolidated debt to capitalization ratio (as defined) is below 50%; as of March 31, 2008, that ratio was below 50%.
From time to time we acquire businesses that improve our footprint in certain geographic areas, increase our range of products or services or are otherwise strategic to our business. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we used approximately $158.0 million in cash (net of cash acquired) and $22.5 million in notes payable, in business acquisitions.
Outstanding Indebtedness and Working Capital as of March 31, 2008
Our primary debt obligations, other than capital lease obligations and the notes payable incurred in the acquisition of Moncla, as of March 31, 2008, consisted of $425.0 million outstanding principal amount of the outstanding notes, $50.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and $61.1 million of letters of credit issued under the letter of credit sub-facility were outstanding. On April 1, 2008, we borrowed an additional $50.0 million under our senior secured credit facility to complete our acquisition of Western on April 3, 2008.
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As of March 31, 2008, we had net working capital (excluding the current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations of $11.6 million) of $239.1 million, which includes cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $30.1 million, compared to net working capital (excluding the current portion of long-term debt and capital lease obligations of $12.4 million) of $265.5 million, which includes cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $58.8 million, as of December 31, 2007. Our working capital declined from December 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008 primarily as a result of using cash for our share repurchases during the first quarter of 2008 and as a result of increased accrued interest and accrued income taxes payable.
Contractual Obligations
Set forth below is a summary of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2007. The obligations we pay in future periods reflect certain assumptions, including variability in interest rates on our variable-rate obligations and the duration of our obligations, and actual payments in future periods may vary.
|
Payments Due by Period (in thousands) |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total |
Less than 1 Year (2008) |
1 - 3 Years (2009 - 2011) |
4 - 5 Years (2012 - 2013) |
After 5 Years (2014 +) |
||||||||||
83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 | $ | 425,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 425,000 | |||||
Interest associated with 83/8% Senior Notes due 2014 | 249,361 | 35,693 | 106,785 | 71,288 | 35,595 | ||||||||||
Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility | 50,000 | | | 50,000 | | ||||||||||
Interest associated with our senior secured credit facility(1) | 16,015 | 3,242 | 9,699 | 3,074 | | ||||||||||
Commitment and availability fees associated with our senior secured credit facility | 22,266 | 4,453 | 13,360 | 4,453 | | ||||||||||
Notes payablerelated party, excluding discount | 22,500 | 2,000 | 18,500 | 2,000 | | ||||||||||
Interest associated with notes payablerelated party(1) | 2,611 | 1,079 | 1,437 | 95 | | ||||||||||
Capital lease obligations, excluding interest and executory costs | 26,815 | 10,701 | 15,879 | 235 | | ||||||||||
Interest and executory costs associated with capital lease obligations(1) | 4,838 | 2,441 | 2,388 | 9 | | ||||||||||
Non-cancellable operating leases | 24,224 | 7,428 | 11,111 | 3,030 | 2,655 | ||||||||||
Severance liabilities and retention payments | 1,970 | 831 | 1,104 | 27 | 8 | ||||||||||
FIN 48 liabilities | 6,751 | 782 | 4,039 | 1,930 | | ||||||||||
Equity-based compensation liability awards | 5,386 | 1,775 | 3,611 | | | ||||||||||
Earnout payments(2) | 25,000 | 5,000 | 15,000 | 5,000 | | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 882,737 | $ | 75,425 | $ | 202,913 | $ | 141,141 | $ | 463,258 | |||||
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Senior Notes
On November 29, 2007, we issued $425.0 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes under an indenture, dated as of November 29, 2007, among us, the guarantors party thereto (the "Guarantors") and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The outstanding notes were priced at 100% of their face value to yield 83/8%. Net proceeds, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $416.1 million. We used approximately $394.9 million of the net proceeds to retire our term loans, including accrued and unpaid interest, under our prior senior secured credit facility, with the balance used for general corporate purposes. Our prior senior secured credit facility was terminated in connection with our entry into our senior secured credit facility described below.
For a description of the terms of the notes, see "Description of the Exchange Notes."
Existing Senior Secured Credit Facility
Simultaneously with the closing of the offering of the outstanding notes, we entered into a new credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as Paying Agent, Co-Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Co-Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. The Credit Agreement provides for our senior secured credit facility consisting of a revolving credit facility, letter of credit sub-facility and swing line facility of up to an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million, all of which will mature no later than November 29, 2012. Our senior secured credit facility and the obligations thereunder are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, and are or will be guaranteed by certain of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries. Our senior secured credit facility replaced our prior senior secured credit facility, which was terminated in connection with the closing of the offering of the notes.
The interest rate per annum applicable to our senior secured credit facility is, at our option (i) LIBOR plus the applicable margin or (ii) the higher of (x) Bank of America's prime rate and (y) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%, plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin for LIBOR loans ranges from 150 to 200 basis points, and the applicable margin for all other loans ranges from 50 to 100 basis points, depending upon our consolidated leverage ratio.
Our senior secured credit facility contains certain financial covenants, which, among other things, require the maintenance of a consolidated leverage ratio not to exceed 3.50 to 1.00 and a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 3.00 to 1.00, and limit our capital expenditures to $250.0 million per fiscal year, up to 50% of which amount may be carried over for expenditure in the following fiscal year. Each of the ratios referred to above will be calculated quarterly on a consolidated basis for each trailing four fiscal quarter period. In addition, our senior secured credit facility contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including, without limitation, restrictions on (i) liens; (ii) debt, guarantees and other contingent obligations; (iii) mergers and consolidations; (iv) sales, transfers and other dispositions of property or assets; (v) loans, acquisitions, joint ventures and other investments (with acquisitions permitted so long as, after giving pro forma effect thereto, no default or event of default exists under our senior secured credit facility, the consolidated leverage ratio does not exceed 2.75 to 1.00, we are in compliance with the consolidated interest coverage ratio and we have at least $25 million of availability under our senior secured credit facility); (vi) dividends and other distributions to, and redemptions and repurchases from, equity holders; (vii) prepaying, redeeming or repurchasing subordinated (contractually or structurally) debt; (viii) granting negative pledges other than to the lenders; (ix) changes in the nature of our business; (x) amending organizational documents, or amending or otherwise modifying any debt, any related document or any other material agreement if such amendment or modification would have a material adverse effect; and (xi) changes in accounting policies or reporting practices; in each of the foregoing cases, with certain exceptions. Our senior
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secured credit facility permits share repurchase up to $200.0 million and provides that share repurchases in excess of $200.0 million can be made only if our debt to capitalization ratio is below 50%.
We may prepay our senior secured credit facility in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty, subject to certain reimbursements to the lenders for breakage and redeployment costs.
Moncla Notes Payable
In connection with the acquisition of Moncla we entered into two notes payable with its former owners. The first is an unsecured note in the amount of $12.5 million, which is due and payable in a lump-sum, together with accrued interest, on October 25, 2009. Interest on this note is due on each anniversary of the closing date, which was October 25, 2007. The second unsecured note in the amount of $10.0 million is payable in annual installments of $2.0 million, plus accrued interest, beginning October 25, 2008 through 2012. Each of the notes bear interest at the Federal Funds rate adjusted annually on the anniversary of the closing date.
Prior Senior Secured Credit Facility
On July 29, 2005, we entered into a $547.3 million credit agreement, among Key Energy Services, Inc., as Borrower, the several lenders from time to time party thereto, Lehman Brothers Inc., as sole lead arranger and sole book runner, Lehman Commercial Paper Inc., as syndication agent, administrative agent and as collateral agent, and Wells Fargo Foothill, Inc., as revolving administrative agent. Our prior senior secured credit facility consisted of (i) a revolving credit facility of up to an aggregate principal amount of $65.0 million, which was to mature on July 29, 2010, (ii) a senior term loan facility in the original aggregate amount of $400.0 million, which was payable in quarterly installments of $1.0 million each commencing March 31, 2006 with the unpaid balance due on June 30, 2012 and (iii) a prefunded letter of credit facility in the aggregate amount of $82.25 million, which was to mature on July 29, 2010. The revolving credit facility included a $25.0 million sub-facility for additional letters of credit. Our prior senior secured credit facility was terminated on November 29, 2007 in connection with us entering into our senior secured credit facility.
Lease Agreements
We lease equipment, such as tractors, trailers, frac tanks and forklifts, from financial institutions under master lease agreements. Under the master lease agreements, the Company is required to provide current annual and quarterly reports. Because we were unable to provide audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2003 that complied with SEC rules, we are not in compliance with the terms of these equipment leases. We had previously sought and received waivers from these financial institutions, but we do not intend to seek any additional waivers. The equipment lessors may demand that the leases be repaid. No formal demands for repayment have been made by the lessors and the defaults do not otherwise affect the terms of our senior secured credit facility or the terms of our prior senior secured credit facility. As of December 31, 2007, there was approximately $2.7 million outstanding under such equipment leases.
Registration Statements
As a result of our failure to timely file annual or quarterly reports with the SEC over the last several years, we do not have an effective shelf registration statement on file. Until we have timely filed all of our SEC reports for at least one year, our access to the public securities markets will be limited.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2007 we did not, and we currently do not, have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our Accounting Department is responsible for the development and application of our accounting policies and internal control procedures. It reports to the Chief Financial Officer.
The process and preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions, which may affect reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingencies at the balance sheet date, the amounts of revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period and the presentation of our statement of cash flows for the period ended. We may record materially different amounts if these estimates, judgments and assumptions change or if actual results differ. However, we analyze our estimates, assumptions and judgments based on our historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.
As such, we have identified the following critical accounting policies that require a significant amount of estimation and judgment to accurately present our financial position, results of operations and statement of cash flows:
Workers' Compensation, Vehicular Liability and Other Insurance Reserves
Well servicing and workover operations expose our employees to hazards generally associated with the oilfield. Heavy lifting, moving equipment and slippery surfaces can cause or contribute to accidents involving our employees and third parties who may be present at a site. Environmental conditions in remote domestic oil and gas basins range from extreme cold to extreme heat, from heavy rain to blowing dust. Those conditions can also lead to or contribute to accidents. Our business activities incorporate significant numbers of fluid transport trucks, other oilfield vehicles and supporting rolling stock that move on public and private roads. Vehicle accidents are a significant risk for us. We also conduct contract drilling operations, which present additional hazards inherent in the drilling of wells, such as blowouts, explosions and fires, which could result in loss of hole, damaged equipment and personal injury.
As a contractor, we also enter into master service agreements with our customers. These agreements subject us to potential contractual liabilities common in the oilfield.
All of these hazards and accidents could result in damage to our property or a third party's property or injury or death to our employees or third parties. Although we purchase insurance to
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protect against large losses, much of the risk is retained in the form of large deductibles or self-insured retentions.
The occurrence of an event not fully insured or indemnified against, or the failure of a customer or insurer to meet its indemnification or insurance obligations, could result in substantial losses. In addition, there can be no assurance that insurance will be available to cover any or all of these risks, or that, if available, it could be obtained without a substantial increase in premiums. It is possible that, in addition to higher premiums, future insurance coverage may be subject to higher deductibles and coverage restrictions.
Based on the risks discussed above, we estimate our liability arising out of potentially insured events, including workers' compensation, employer's liability, vehicular liability, and general liability, and record accruals in our consolidated financial statements. Reserves related to claims covered by insurance are based on the specific facts and circumstances of the insured event and our past experience with similar claims. Loss estimates for individual claims are adjusted based upon actual claim judgments, settlements and reported claims. The actual outcome of these claims could differ significantly from estimated amounts.
We are largely self-insured for physical damage to our equipment, automobiles and rigs. Our accruals that we maintain on our consolidated balance sheet relate to these deductibles and self-insured retentions, which we estimate through the use of historical claims data and trend analysis. The actual outcome of any claim could differ significantly from estimated amounts. We adjust loss estimates in the calculation of these accruals, based upon actual claim settlements and reported claims.
Accounting for Contingencies
In addition to our workers' compensation, vehicular liability and other self-insurance reserves, we record other loss contingencies, which relate to numerous lawsuits, claims, proceedings and tax-related audits in the normal course of our operations on our consolidated balance sheet. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, "Accounting for Contingencies," ("SFAS 5"), we record a loss contingency for these matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We review our loss contingencies routinely to ensure that we have appropriate liabilities recorded on the balance sheet. We adjust these liabilities based on estimates and judgments made by management with respect to the likely outcome of these matters, including the effect of any applicable insurance coverage for litigation matters. Our estimates and judgments could change based on new information, changes in laws or regulations, changes in management's plans or intentions, the outcome of legal proceedings, settlements or other factors. Actual results could vary materially from these reserves.
We record liabilities when environmental assessment indicates that site remediation efforts are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. We measure liabilities based, in part, on relevant past experience, currently enacted laws and regulations, existing technology, site-specific costs and cost-sharing arrangements. Recognition of any joint and several liability is based upon our best estimate of our final pro-rata share of such liability or the low amount in a range of estimates. These assumptions involve the judgments and estimates of management, and any changes in assumptions or new information could lead to increases or decreases in our ultimate liability, with any such changes recognized immediately in earnings.
Under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations," we record legal obligations to retire tangible, long-lived assets on our balance sheet as liabilities, which are recorded at a discount when we incur the liability. Significant judgment is involved in estimating our future cash flows associated with such obligations, as well as the ultimate timing of the cash flows. If our estimates on the amount or timing of the cash flows change, the change may have a material impact on our results of operations.
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Accounting for Income Taxes
We follow Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes"("SFAS 109"), which requires that we account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and provide income taxes for all significant temporary differences. Management determines our current tax liability as well as taxes incurred as a result of current operations, yet deferred until future periods. Current taxes payable represent our liability related to our income tax return for the current year, while net deferred tax expense or benefit represents the change in the balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets. Management estimates the changes in both deferred tax assets and liabilities using the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and for enacted rates that management estimates will be in effect when the differences reverse. Further, management makes certain assumptions about the timing of temporary tax differences for the differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes or whether such differences are permanent. The final determination of our tax liability involves the interpretation of local tax laws, tax treaties, and related authorities in each jurisdiction as well as the significant use of estimates and assumptions regarding the scope of future operations and results achieved and the timing and nature of income earned and expenditures incurred.
We establish valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets if we determine that it is more likely than not (e.g., a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. To assess the likelihood, we use estimates and judgment regarding our future taxable income, as well as the jurisdiction in which this taxable income is generated, to determine whether a valuation allowance is required. Such evidence can include our current financial position, our results of operations, both actual and forecasted results, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies as well as the current and forecasted business economics of our industry. Additionally, we record reserves for uncertain tax positions that are subject to management judgment related to the resolution of the tax positions and completion of audits by tax authorities in the domestic and international tax jurisdictions in which we operate.
Please see Note 10, "Income Taxes," and Note 9, "Income Taxes," to our audited consolidated financial statements and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively, included elsewhere in this prospectus, respectively, for further discussion of accounting for our income taxes, changes in our valuation allowance, components of our tax rate reconciliation and realization of loss carryforwards.
Estimates of Depreciable Lives
We use the estimated depreciable lives of our long-lived assets, such as rigs, heavy duty trucks and trailers, to compute depreciation expense, to estimate future asset retirement obligations and to conduct impairment tests. We base the estimates of our depreciable lives on a number of factors, such as the environment in which the assets operate, industry factors including forecasted prices and competition, and the assumption that we provide the appropriate amount of capital expenditures while the asset is in operation to maintain economical operation of the asset and prevent untimely demise to scrap. The useful lives of our intangible assets are determined by the years over which we expect the assets to generate a benefit based on legal, contractual or other expectations.
We depreciate our operational assets over their depreciable lives to their salvage value, which is generally 10% of the acquisition cost. We recognize a gain or loss upon ultimate disposal of the asset.
We periodically analyze our estimates of the depreciable lives of our fixed assets to determine if the depreciable periods and salvage value continue to be appropriate. We also analyze useful lives and salvage value when events or conditions occur that could shorten the remaining depreciable life of the asset. We review the depreciable periods and salvage values for reasonableness, given current conditions. As a result, our depreciation expense is based upon estimates of depreciable lives of the
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fixed assets, the salvage value and economic factors, all of which require management to make significant judgments and estimates. If we determine that the depreciable lives should be different than originally estimated, depreciation expense may increase or decrease and impairments in the carrying values of our fixed assets may result.
Valuation of Tangible and Intangible Assets
On at least an annual basis as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" and as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," we review long-lived assets, such as well-service rigs, drilling rigs, pressure pumping equipment, heavy duty trucks, investments, goodwill and identified intangible assets to evaluate whether our long-lived assets or goodwill may have been impaired.
Impairment tests may be required annually, as with goodwill, or as management identifies certain trigger events such as negative industry or economic trends, changes in our business strategy, and underperformance relative to historical or projected operating results. To perform an impairment test, we make judgments, estimates and assumptions regarding long-term forecasts of revenues and expenses relating to assets subject to review or, in the case of goodwill, to our reporting units. Market conditions, energy prices, estimated depreciable lives of the assets, discount rate assumptions and legal factors impact our operations and have a significant effect on the estimates of management. Using different judgments, these estimates could differ significantly and actual financial results could differ materially from these estimates. These long-term forecasts are used in the impairment tests to determine if an asset's carrying value is recoverable or if a write-down to fair value is required.
Valuation of Equity Based Compensation
We account for stock based compensation under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), "Share Based Payment" ("SFAS 123(R)"), which we adopted on January 1, 2006. We adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective transition method. The Company has granted stock options, stock settled stock appreciation rights ("SARs"), restricted stock ("RSAs"), and phantom shares ("Phantom Shares") to its employees and non-employee directors. Option and SAR awards granted by the Company are fair valued using a Black Scholes option model and are amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period of the option award, net of estimated and actual forfeitures. Compensation related to RSAs is based on the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized based on the vesting requirements that have been satisfied during the period. Phantom Shares are accounted for at fair value, and changes in the fair value of these awards are recorded as compensation expense during the period. Please see Note 16, "Equity-Based Compensation," and Note 13, "Share-Based Compensation," to our audited consolidated financial statements and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively, included elsewhere in this prospectus.
In utilizing the Black Scholes option pricing model to determine fair values of awards, certain assumptions are made which are based on subjective expectations, and are subject to change. A change in one or more of these assumptions would impact the expense associated with future grants. These key assumptions include the volatility of our common stock, the risk-free interest rate and the expected life of awards.
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We used the following weighted average assumptions in the Black-Scholes option pricing model for determining the fair value of our stock option grants during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
||||
Risk-free interest rate | 4.41 | % | 4.70 | % | 3.80 | % | |
Expected life of options, years | 6 | 6 | 6 | ||||
Expected volatility of the Company's stock price | 39.49 | % | 48.80 | % | 53.85 | % | |
Expected dividends | none | none | none |
We calculate the expected volatility for our stock option grants by measuring the volatility of our historical stock price for a period equal to the expected life of the option and ending at the time the option was granted. We determine the risk-free interest rate based upon the interest rate on a U.S. Treasury Bill with a term equal to the expected life of the option at the time the option was granted. In estimating the expected lives of our stock options, we have relied primarily on our actual experience with our previous stock option grants. The expected life is less than the term of the option as option holders, in our experience, exercise or forfeit the options during the term of the option.
We are not required to recalculate the fair value of our stock option grants estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model after the initial calculation unless the original option grant terms are modified. However, a 100 basis point increase in our expected volatility and risk-free interest rate at the grant date would have increased our compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 by approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
New Accounting Standards
FIN 48 and FSP FIN 48-1. In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB statement No. 109" ("FIN 48"), which provides clarification of SFAS 109 with respect to the recognition of income tax benefits of uncertain tax positions in financial statements. FIN 48 requires that uncertain tax positions be reviewed and assessed, with recognition and measurement of the tax benefit based on a "more likely than not" standard.
In May 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FIN 48-1, "Definition of a Settlement in FASB Interpretation No. 48 ("FSP FIN 48-1"). FSP FIN 48-1 provides guidance on how an enterprise should determine whether a tax position is effectively settled for the purpose of recognizing previously unrecognized tax benefits. In determining whether a tax position has been effectively settled, entities must evaluate (i) whether taxing authorities have completed their examination procedures; (ii) whether the entity intends to appeal or litigate any aspect of a tax position included in a completed evaluation; and (iii) whether it is remote that a taxing authority would examine or re-examine any aspect of a taxing position. FSP FIN 48-1 is to be applied upon the initial adoption of FIN 48.
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 and FSP FIN 48-1 on January 1, 2007 and recorded a $1.3 million decrease to the balance of our retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 to reflect the cumulative effect of adopting these standards. Please see Note 10, "Income Taxes" to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further discussion of the impact of the adoption of these standards.
FSP EITF 00-19-2. In December 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. EITF 00-19-2, "Accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements" ("FSP EITF 00-19-2"). FSP EITF 00-19-2 addresses accounting for Registration Payment Arrangements ("RPAs"), which are provisions within financial instruments such as equity shares, warrants or debt instruments in which the issuer agrees to file a registration statement and to have that registration statement declared effective by the SEC
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within a specified grace period. If the registration statement is not declared effective within the grace period or its effectiveness is not maintained for the period of time specified in the RPA, the issuer must compensate its counterparty. The FASB Staff concluded that the contingent obligation to make future payments or otherwise transfer consideration under a RPA should be recognized as a liability and measured in accordance with SFAS 5 and FASB Interpretation No. 14, "Reasonable Estimation of the Amount of a Loss," and that the RPA should be recognized and measured separately from the instrument to which the RPA is attached.
In January 1999, the Company completed the private placement of 150,000 units consisting of $150.0 million of 14% Senior Subordinated Notes due January 25, 2009 and 150,000 warrants to purchase an aggregate of approximately 2.2 million shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $4.88125 per share (the "Warrants"). As of March 31, 2008, 65,650 Warrants had been exercised, leaving 84,350 Warrants outstanding that were exercisable for an aggregate of approximately 1.2 million shares. Under the terms of the Warrants, we are required to maintain an effective registration statement covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise. If we are unable to maintain an effective registration statement, we are required to make semiannual liquidated damages payments for periods in which an effective registration statement is not maintained.
Due to our past failure to file our SEC reports in a timely manner, we do not have an effective registration statement covering the Warrants, and have been required to make liquidated damages payments, and will continue to be required to make those payments until such time as we have an effective registration statement on file for exercise of the Warrants or the warrant shares issuable thereunder are eligible for resale without registration pursuant to SEC Rule 144 or otherwise. The requirement to make liquidated damages payments constitutes an RPA under the provisions of FSP EITF 00-19-2, and as prescribed by the transition provisions of that standard, on January 1, 2007 the Company recorded a pre-tax current liability of approximately $1.0 million, which is equivalent to the payments for the Warrant RPA for one year, with an offsetting adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings.
SFAS 157. In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements" ("SFAS 157"), which is intended to increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements by defining fair value, establishing a framework for measuring fair value, and expanding disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 157-2 ("FSP FAS 157-2"). FSP FAS 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years, for non-financial assets and liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the registrant's financial statements on a recurring basis. The adoption of SFAS 157, as modified by FSP FAS 157-2, did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
SFAS 159. The Company adopted SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115" ("SFAS 159"), on January 1, 2008. SFAS 159 permits companies to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible items at fair value (the "Fair Value Option"). Companies choosing such an election report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the Fair Value Option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting period. We did not elect to measure any of our financial assets or liabilities using the Fair Value Option. We will assess at each measurement date whether to use the Fair Value Option on any future financial assets or liabilities as permitted pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 159.
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Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
SFAS 141(R). In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (Revised 2007), "Business Combinations" ("SFAS 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) will significantly change the accounting for business combinations. Under SFAS 141(R), an acquiring entity will be required to recognize all the assets and liabilities assumed in a transaction at the acquisition-date fair value, with limited exceptions. Specific changes in SFAS 141(R) from previously issued guidance include:
SFAS 141(R) also includes new disclosure requirements related to business combinations. This statement applies to all business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. The impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows will not be known until the Company completes a business combination subsequent to the adoption date of this standard.
SFAS 160. In December 2007 the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements: an amendment of ARB No. 51" ("SFAS 160"). SFAS 160 establishes new accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest (formerly referred to as "minority interests") in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a noncontrolling interest as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent's equity. The amount of net income attributable to a noncontrolling interest will be included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS 160 clarifies that changes in a parent's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, SFAS 160 requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. Such gains or loss will be measured using the fair value of the noncontrolling equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS 160 also includes expanded disclosure requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its noncontrolling interest. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. The Company is in the process of determining the impact the adoption of this standard will have on the Company's financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
SFAS 161. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging ActivitiesAn Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133" ("SFAS 161"). SFAS 161 requires more disclosures about an entity's derivative and hedging activities in order to improve the transparency of financial reporting. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. This Statement encourages, but does not require, comparative disclosures for earlier periods at initial adoption. We will adopt the provisions of SFAS 161 on January 1, 2009. The Company currently has no
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financial instruments that qualify as derivatives, and we do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Impact of Inflation on Operations
We are of the opinion that inflation has not had a significant impact on Key's business.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to certain market risks as part of our ongoing business operations, including risks from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices that could impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. We manage our exposure to these risks through regular operating and financing activities, and may, on a limited basis, use derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. To the extent that we use such derivative financial instruments, we will use them only as risk management tools and not for speculative investment purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
As of December 31, 2007, our principal debt obligation was our $425.0 million outstanding notes. These notes are fixed-rate obligations, and as such do not subject us to risks associated with changes in interest rates. Borrowings under our senior secured credit facility, our capital lease obligations, and our notes payable to the former owners of Moncla all bear interest at variable interest rates, and therefore expose us to interest rate risk.
As of December 31, 2007, the weighted average interest rate on our outstanding variable-rate debt obligations was 5.9787%. A hypothetical 10% increase in that rate would increase the annual interest expense on those instruments by approximately $0.6 million.
Foreign Currency Risk
As of December 31, 2007, we conduct operations in Argentina and Mexico, and also own a Canadian subsidiary. The functional currency is the local currency for all of these entities, and therefore poses risk to us related to changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and the respective local currencies.
A hypothetical 10% decrease in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative to the value of all of the local currencies for our Argentinean, Mexican and Canadian subsidiaries would increase our net income by approximately $0.3 million. Our net assets would be unaffected by such an decrease because the changes in the value of our foreign subsidiaries' assets and liabilities would be offset by changes in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Equity Risk
Equity Based Compensation. We account for our equity based compensation awards at fair value under the provisions of SFAS 123(R). Certain of these awards' fair values are determined based upon the price of the Company's common stock on the measurement date. Any increase in the price of the Company's common stock would lead to a corresponding increase in the fair value of those awards. A 10% increase in the price of the Company's common stock from its value at December 31, 2007 would increase annual compensation expense recognized on these awards by approximately $0.2 million.
Equity Method Investment in IROC. We currently possess a 19.7% ownership interest in IROC, a publicly traded Canadian company. We exert significant influence over the operations of IROC, but we do not control it. As such, we account for our investment as an equity-method investment under the
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guidance provided by Accounting Principles Board Opinion ("APB") No. 18, "The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock" ("APB 18").
An impairment review of our equity method investment in IROC is performed on a quarterly basis to determine if there has been a decline in fair value that is other than temporary. The fair value of the asset is measured using quoted market prices or, in the absence of quoted market prices, fair value is based on an estimate of discounted cash flows. In determining whether the decline is other than temporary, we consider the cyclicality of the industry in which the investment operates, its historical performance, its performance in relation to its peers and the current economic environment. Future conditions in the industry, operating performance and performance in relation to peers and the future economic environment may vary from our current assessment of recoverability. Such future conditions could therefore result in a determination a decline in fair value is other than temporary. IROC's stock price is currently depressed. If we later determine the decline is other than temporary, we would record a write-down in the carrying value of our asset to the then current fair market value.
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Key Energy Services, Inc. is a Maryland corporation. We provide a complete range of well services to major oil companies and independent oil and natural gas production companies, including rig-based well maintenance, workover, well completion, and recompletion services, oilfield transportation services, pressure pumping services, fishing and rental services, and ancillary oilfield services. We believe that we are the leading onshore, rig-based well servicing contractor in the United States. We operate in most major oil and natural gas producing regions of the United States as well as internationally in Argentina and Mexico. We also have a technology development company based in Canada.
Description of Business Segments
Our business is comprised of three primary business segments: well servicing, pressure pumping services and fishing and rental services. Key operates in various regions in the continental United States and internationally in Argentina and Mexico. The following is a description of these three business segments. For financial information regarding these business segments, please see Note 18, "Segment Information," and Note 14, "Segment Information," to our audited consolidated financial statements and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively, included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Well Servicing Segment
Through our well servicing segment (approximately 76% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007), we provide a broad range of well services, including rig-based services, oilfield transportation services, cased-hole electric wireline services, contract drilling services and other ancillary oilfield services. These services collectively are necessary to complete, stimulate, maintain and workover oil and natural gas producing wells. During 2007, Key conducted well servicing operations onshore: in the continental United States in the following regions Gulf Coast (including South Texas, Central Gulf Coast of Texas and South Louisiana), Permian Basin of West Texas and Eastern New Mexico, Mid-Continent (including the Anadarko, Hugoton and Arkoma Basins and the Ark-La-Tex and North Texas regions), Four Corners (including the San Juan, Piceance, Uinta and Paradox Basins), the Appalachian Basin, Rocky Mountains (including the Denver Julesberg, Powder River, Wind River, Green River and Williston Basins), and California (the San Joaquin Basin), and internationally in Argentina and Mexico.
Rig-based Services
Rig-based services include the maintenance of existing wells, workover of existing wells, completion of newly drilled wells, recompletion of existing wells (re-entering a well to complete the well in a new geologic zone or formation) and plugging and abandonment of wells at the end of their useful lives. Our rig fleet is diverse and allows us to work on all types of wells, ranging from very shallow wells to wells as deep as 20,000 feet. Over 200 of our well service rigs are outfitted with our proprietary KeyView® technology, which captures and reports well site operating data. This technology allows our customers and our crews to actively monitor well site operations, to improve efficiency and safety, and to add value to the services we offer. Included in our domestic well service fleet are eight inland barge rigs. Inland barge rigs are mobile, self-contained, drilling and/or workover vessels that are used in the search for oil and gas in shallow marshes, inland lakes, rivers and swamps along the Gulf Coast of the United States. When moved from one location to another, the barge floats; when stationed on the drill or workover site, the barge is submerged to rest on the bottom. Typically, inland barge rigs are used to drill or workover wells in marshes, shallow inland bays and offshore where the water covering the drill site is not too deep. Our barge rigs can operate at depths between three and 17 feet.
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Maintenance Services. We provide the well service rigs, equipment and crews for maintenance services, which are performed on both oil and natural gas wells, but more frequently on oil wells. While some oil wells in the United States flow oil to the surface without mechanical assistance, most require pumping or some other method of artificial lift. Oil wells that require pumping characteristically require more maintenance than flowing wells due to the operation of the mechanical pumping equipment. Because few natural gas wells have mechanical pumping systems in the wellbore, maintenance work on natural gas wells is less frequent.
Maintenance services are required throughout the life of most producing wells to ensure efficient and continuous operation. These services consist of routine mechanical repairs necessary to maintain production from the well, such as repairing inoperable pumping equipment in an oil well or replacing defective tubing in an oil or natural gas well, and removing debris such as sand and paraffin from the well. Other services include pulling the rods, tubing, pumps and other downhole equipment out of the wellbore to identify and repair a production problem.
Maintenance services are often performed on a series of wells in close proximity to each other and typically require less than 48 hours per well to complete. The general demand for maintenance services is closely related to the total number of producing oil and natural gas wells in a geographic market, and maintenance services are generally the most stable type of well service activity.
Workover Services. In addition to periodic maintenance, producing oil and natural gas wells occasionally require major repairs or modifications, called "workovers." Workover services are performed to enhance the production of existing wells. Such services include extensions of existing wells to drain new formations either by deepening wellbores to new zones or by drilling horizontal or lateral wellbores to improve reservoir drainage. In less extensive workovers, our rigs are used to seal off depleted zones in existing wellbores and access previously bypassed productive zones. Our workover rigs are also used to convert former producing wells to injection wells through which water or carbon dioxide is pumped into the formation for enhanced recovery operations. Other workover services include: conducting major subsurface repairs such as casing repair or replacement, recovering tubing and removing foreign objects in the wellbore, repairing downhole equipment failures, plugging back a section of a well to reduce the amount of water being produced with the oil and natural gas, cleaning out and recompleting a well if production has declined, and repairing leaks in the tubing and casing. These extensive workover operations are normally performed by a well service rig with a workover package, which may include rotary drilling equipment, mud pumps, mud tanks and blowout preventers, depending upon the particular type of workover operation. Most of our well service rigs are designed to perform complex workover operations.
Workover services are more complex and time consuming than routine maintenance operations and consequently may last from a few days to several weeks. These services are almost exclusively performed by well service rigs. Demand for workover services is closely related to capital spending by oil and natural gas producers, which is generally a function of oil and natural gas prices. As commodity prices increase, oil and natural gas producers tend to increase capital spending for workover services in order to increase oil and natural gas production.
Completion Services. Our completion services prepare a newly drilled oil or natural gas well for production. The completion process may involve selectively perforating the well casing to access producing zones, stimulating and testing these zones and installing downhole equipment. We typically provide a well service rig and may also provide other equipment such as a workover package to assist in the completion process. However, during periods of weak drilling rig demand, some drilling contractors may compete with service rigs for completion work. Also, for some completion work on natural gas wells, coiled tubing units can be used in place of a well service rig.
The completion process typically requires a few days to several weeks, depending on the nature and type of the completion, and generally requires additional auxiliary equipment that we provide for
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an additional fee. The demand for well completion services is directly related to drilling activity levels, which are highly sensitive to expectations relating to, and changes in, oil and natural gas prices. As the number of newly drilled wells decreases, the number of completion jobs correspondingly decreases.
Plugging and Abandonment Services. Well service rigs and workover equipment are also used in the process of permanently shutting-in oil and natural gas wells at the end of their productive lives. Plugging and abandonment work can be performed with a well service rig along with electric wireline and cementing equipment. Plugging and abandonment services require compliance with state regulatory requirements. The demand for oil and natural gas does not significantly affect the demand for plugging and abandonment services because well operators are required by state regulations to plug wells that are no longer productive. The need for these services is also driven by lease or operator policy requirements.
Oilfield Transportation Services
We provide oilfield transportation services, which primarily include vacuum truck services, fluid transportation services and disposal services for operators whose oil or natural gas wells produce salt water and other fluids. In addition, we are a supplier of frac tanks which are used for temporary storage of fluids in conjunction with the fluid hauling operations.
Fluid hauling trucks are utilized in connection with drilling and workover projects, which tend to use large amounts of various oilfield fluids. We transport fresh water to the well site and provide temporary storage and disposal of produced salt water and drilling or workover fluids. These fluids are removed from the well site and transported for disposal in a salt water disposal well. Key owned or leased 47 active salt water disposal wells at December 31, 2007. In addition, we provide equipment trucks that are used to move large pieces of equipment from one well site to the next, and we operate a fleet of hot oilers which are capable of pumping heated fluids that are used to clear soluable restrictions in a wellbore. Demand and pricing for these services generally correspond to demand for our well service rigs. Fluid hauling and equipment hauling services are typically priced on a per barrel or per hour basis while frac tank rentals are typically billed on a per day basis.
Cased-Hole Electric Wireline Services
Key provides cased-hole electric wireline services in the Appalachian Basin, Texas and Louisiana. This service is performed at various times throughout the life of the well and includes perforating, completion logging, production logging and casing integrity services. After the wellbore is cased and cemented, we can provide a number of services. Perforating creates the flow path between the reservoir and the wellbore. Production logging can be performed throughout the life of the well to measure temperature, fluid type, flow rate, pressure and other reservoir characteristics. This service helps the operator analyze and monitor well performance and determine when a well may need a workover or further stimulation.
In addition, cased-hole services may involve wellbore remediation, which could include the positioning and installation of various plugs and packers to maintain production or repair well problems, and casing inspection for internal or external abnormalities in the casing string. Wireline services are provided from surface logging units, which lower tools and sensors into the wellbore. We operated 22 units as of December 31, 2007, and we have seven units ordered that are expected to be delivered in 2008. Cased-hole electric wireline services are conducted during the completion of an oil or natural gas well and often times throughout the life of a producing well. Services include: production logging, perforating, pipe recovery, pressure control and setting services. We use advanced wireline instruments to evaluate well integrity and perform cement evaluations and production logging. Demand for our cased-hole electric wireline services is correlated to current and anticipated oil and natural gas
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prices and the resulting effect on the willingness of our customers to make operating and capital expenditures.
Contract Drilling Services
We provide limited drilling services to oil and natural gas producers. In Argentina, we operate seven drilling rigs and in the continental United States we operate several heavy-duty well service rigs that are capable of providing drilling services. Our drilling services are primarily provided under standard day rate, and, to a lesser extent, footage contracts. Our drilling rigs vary in size and capability. The rigs located in Argentina are equipped with mechanical power systems and have depth ratings of approximately 10,000 feet, although one rig can drill up to approximately 15,000 feet. Like workover services, the demand for contract drilling is directly related to expectations about, and changes in, oil and natural gas prices which, in turn, are driven by the supply of and demand for these commodities.
Ancillary Oilfield Services
We provide ancillary oilfield services, which include, among others: well site construction (preparation of a well site for drilling activities); roustabout services (provision of manpower to assist with activities on a well site); and air drilling services (drilling technique using compressed air). Demand and pricing for these services are generally related to demand for our well service operations.
Pressure Pumping Services Segment
Through our pressure pumping services segment (approximately 18% of our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007), we provide well stimulation and cementing services to oil and natural gas producers. Well stimulation services include fracturing, nitrogen services, and acidizing. These services (which may be completion or workover services) are provided to oil and natural gas producers and are used to enhance the production of oil and natural gas wells from formations which exhibit restricted flow of oil and natural gas. In the fracturing process, we typically pump fluid and sized sand, or proppants, into a well at high pressure in order to fracture the formation and thereby increase the flow of oil and natural gas. With our cementing services, we pump cement into a well between the casing and the wellbore. Our pressure pumping services in 2007 were provided in the Permian Basin, the San Juan Basin, the Barnett Shale region of North Texas and the Mid-Continent region. We also provide cementing services in conjunction with our plugging and abandonment operations in California. Demand for our pressure pumping services is primarily influenced by current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices and the resulting effect on the willingness of our customers to make operating and capital expenditures.
Fishing and Rental Services Segment
Through our fishing and rental services segment (approximately 6% of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007), we provided fishing and rental services to major and independent oil and natural gas production companies in the Gulf Coast, Mid-Continent and Permian Basin regions, as well as in California. We also provided limited services offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. Fishing services involve recovering lost or stuck equipment in the wellbore utilizing a "fishing tool." We offer a full line of services and rental equipment designed for use both onshore and offshore for drilling and workover services. Our rental tool inventory consists of tubulars, handling tools, pressure-controlled equipment, power swivels, and foam air units. Demand for our fishing and rental services is also closely related to capital spending by oil and natural gas producers, which is generally a function of oil and natural gas prices.
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Equipment Overview
Well Service Rigs
Our rigs typically are billed to customers on a per hour basis but in certain cases may be billed on a day rate. We categorize our rigs as active, stacked or inactive. We consider an active rig or piece of equipment to be a unit that is working, on standby, or down for repairs but with work orders assigned to it or that is available for work, which means that the equipment has a crew and is ready to work. A stacked rig or piece of equipment is defined as a unit that is in the remanufacturing process or a unit that does not have a crew assigned to it and could not be put to work without significant investment in repairs and additional equipment. A rig or piece of equipment is considered inactive if we intend to salvage the unit for parts, sell the unit or scrap the unit. The definitions of active, stacked and inactive are used for the majority of our equipment.
As of December 31, 2007, our active fleet of well service rigs totaled 975 rigs. These rigs are located throughout the United States and internationally in Argentina and Mexico. Our geographic diversification provides us with a balanced mix of oil versus natural gas exposure. We estimate that approximately 60% of our rigs are located in predominantly oil regions while 40% of our rigs are located in predominantly natural gas regions.
Our fleet is diverse and allows us to work on all types of wells, ranging from very shallow wells to wells as deep as 20,000 feet. The following table classifies our rigs based on size and location. Typically, heavy duty rigs will be utilized on deep wells while light duty rigs will be used on shallow wells. In most cases, these rigs can be reassigned to other regions should market conditions warrant the transfer of equipment.
Well Service Rig Fleet as of December 31, 2007
Region |
Swab(1) |
Light Duty(2) |
Medium Duty(3) |
Heavy Duty(4) |
Total |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Appalachia | 2 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 26 | ||||||
Argentina | 1 | 3 | 31 | 7 | 42 | ||||||
Ark-La-Tex | 7 | 0 | 51 | 4 | 62 | ||||||
California | 0 | 86 | 57 | 9 | 152 | ||||||
Gulf Coast | 2 | 1 | 41 | 11 | 55 | ||||||
Mexico | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
Mid-Continent | 12 | 13 | 97 | 4 | 126 | ||||||
Permian Basin | 13 | 36 | 232 | 66 | 347 | ||||||
Rocky Mountains | 3 | 2 | 47 | 37 | 89 | ||||||
Southeastern(5) | 6 | 5 | 46 | 16 | 73 | ||||||
Total | 46 | 161 | 612 | 156 | 975 |
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Oilfield Transportation Equipment
We have a broad and diverse fleet of oilfield transportation service vehicles. We broadly define an oilfield transportation service vehicle as any heavy-duty, revenue-generating vehicle weighing over one ton. Our transportation fleet includes vacuum trucks, winch trucks, hot oilers and other vehicles, including kill trucks and various hauling and transport trucks.
Transportation Fleet as of December 31, 2007
Region |
Vacuum Truck |
Winch Truck |
Hot Oil Truck |
Other |
Total |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Appalachia | 16 | 20 | 0 | 9 | 45 | ||||||
Argentina | 1 | 15 | 2 | 29 | 47 | ||||||
Ark-La-Tex | 175 | 26 | 0 | 27 | 228 | ||||||
California | 24 | 1 | 0 | 44 | 69 | ||||||
Gulf Coast | 151 | 37 | 0 | 10 | 198 | ||||||
Mid-Continent | 30 | 16 | 7 | 18 | 71 | ||||||
Permian Basin | 183 | 25 | 63 | 110 | 381 | ||||||
Rocky Mountains | 12 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 18 | ||||||
Southeastern | 0 | 34 | 2 | 2 | 38 | ||||||
Total | 592 | 176 | 74 | 253 | 1,095 |
Pressure Pumping Equipment
Our pressure pumping segment operates a diverse fleet of equipment, including: frac pumps, cementing units, acidizing units and nitrogen units.
Pressure Pumping Fleet as of December 31, 2007
Region |
Frac Pumps |
Cement Units |
Acidizing Units |
Nitrogen Units |
Total |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
California | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | ||||||
Barnett Shale | 41 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 48 | ||||||
Four Corners | 7 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 19 | ||||||
Mid-Continent | 18 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 23 | ||||||
Permian Basin | 20 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 30 | ||||||
Total | 86 | 24 | 11 | 7 | 128 |
Seasonality
Our operations are impacted by seasonal factors. Historically, our business has been negatively impacted during the winter months due to inclement weather, fewer daylight hours and holidays. Our well service rigs are mobile, and we operate a significant number of oilfield transportation service vehicles. During periods of heavy snow, ice or rain, we may not be able to move our equipment between locations, thereby reducing our ability to generate rig or truck hours. In addition, the majority of our well service rigs work only during daylight hours. In the winter months when days become shorter, this reduces the amount of time that the rigs can work and therefore has a negative impact on total hours worked. Lastly, during the fourth quarter, we historically have experienced significant slowdown during the Thanksgiving and Christmas holiday seasons.
Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets, and Copyrights
We are the owner of numerous patents, trademarks and proprietary technology that we believe provide us with a competitive advantage in the various markets in which we operate or intend to
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operate. We have devoted significant resources to developing technological improvements in our well service business and have sought patent protection both inside and outside the United States for products and methods that appear to have commercial significance. In the United States, as of December 31, 2007, we had 30 patents issued and 16 patents pending. As of December 31, 2007, we had 11 patents issued and 121 patents pending in foreign countries. All the issued patents have varying remaining durations and begin expiring between 2013 and 2025. The most notable of our technologies include numerous patents surrounding the KeyView® system, a field data acquisition system that captures vital well site operating data from service equipment. We believe this information helps us and our customers improve safety, reduce costs and increase productivity.
We own several trademarks that are important to our business both in the United States and in foreign countries. In general, depending upon the jurisdiction, trademarks are valid as long as they are in use or their registrations are properly maintained and they have not been found to become generic. Registrations of trademarks can generally be renewed indefinitely as long as the trademarks are in use. While our patents and trademarks, in the aggregate, are of considerable importance to maintaining our competitive position, no single patent or trademark is considered to be of a critical or essential nature to our business.
We also rely on a combination of trade secret laws, copyright and contractual provisions to establish and protect proprietary rights in our products and services. We typically enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, strategic partners and suppliers and limit access to the distribution of our proprietary information.
Foreign Operations
During 2007, we operated internationally in Argentina and Mexico. In Argentina, we operated 37 well service rigs and seven drilling rigs and oilfield transportation vehicles, all of which we include in our well servicing segment. We commenced operations in Mexico during the second quarter of 2007. In February 2007, PEMEX awarded our Mexican subsidiary, Key Energy Services de México S. de R.L. de C.V., a 22-month contract valued at $45.8 million (USD) to provide field production solutions and well workover services. Under the terms of the contract, we initially provided three well service rigs outfitted with our proprietary KeyView® system, and we installed two KeyView® systems on PEMEX-owned well service rigs. The contract grants PEMEX the option to call for additional rigs and KeyView® systems in the future, although these incremental services are not included in the contract. The current project covers PEMEX's North Region assets and initially focuses on oil wells in Burgos, Poza Rica-Altamira and Cerro Azul. We anticipate that we will expand our presence in Mexico during 2008. Recently, PEMEX has requested that we send additional equipment and KeyView® systems to Mexico. We anticipate that we will deploy up to an additional eight well service rigs with our proprietary KeyView® technology and will install three KeyView® units on PEMEX-owned rigs during 2008. Concurrent with the deployment of additional equipment, we intend to seek an extension of our contract with PEMEX.
Revenue from our international operations during 2007 totaled $105.8 million, or 6.4% of total revenue. Revenue from international operations for 2006 and 2005 totaled $78.3 million and $68.2 million, respectively.
On September 5, 2007, we acquired Advanced Measurements, Inc., a privately-held Canadian technology company focused on oilfield service equipment controls, data acquisition and digital information work flow. In addition, in connection with the acquisition, we acquired a 51% ownership interest in Advanced Flow Technologies, Inc., a privately-held Canadian technology company focused on low cost wireless gas well production monitoring. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsAcquisitions."
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Customers
Our customers include major oil companies, independent oil and natural gas production companies, and foreign national oil and natural gas production companies. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenues.
Competition and Other External Factors
In the well servicing markets, we believe that, based on available industry data, we are the largest provider of well service rigs in the United States. At December 31, 2007, we had 975 active rigs. Based on the Weatherford-AESC ("AESC") well service rig count, which is available on Weatherford International's internet website, there were approximately 2,839 well service rigs in the United States at December 31, 2007. A recent well service industry survey published by a U.S. investment bank suggests that there are more well service rigs in the United States than are reported by the AESC count. We agree that there are likely more rigs than reported by the AESC and we believe the active rig count could be as high as 3,600 well service rigs. The difference between the AESC data and the investment bank survey is likely attributable to (i) not all U.S. well service providers being members of the AESC, (ii) some U.S. oil and natural gas producers owning well service rigs and not reporting to the AESC, and (iii) poor reporting of equipment by certain members of the AESC.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. Competition is influenced by such factors as price, capacity, availability of work crews, and reputation and experience of the service provider. We believe that an important competitive factor in establishing and maintaining long-term customer relationships is having an experienced, skilled and well-trained work force. In recent years, many of our larger customers have placed increased emphasis on the safety performance and quality of the crews, equipment and services provided by their contractors. We have devoted, and will continue to devote, substantial resources toward employee safety and training programs. In addition, we believe that the KeyView® system has provided and will continue to provide important safety enhancements. Although we believe customers consider all of these factors, price is generally the primary factor in determining which service provider is awarded the work. However, we believe that most customers are willing to pay a slight premium for the quality and efficient service we provide.
Significant well service providers include Nabors Industries, Basic Energy Services and Complete Production Services. Other large competitors include Bronco Drilling and Forbes Energy Services. In addition, though there has been consolidation in the domestic well servicing industry, there are numerous small companies that compete in Key's well servicing markets. We do not believe that any other competitors have greater numbers of active well service rigs than Key. In Argentina, our largest competitors are Pride International, Nabors Industries, and Allis-Chalmers Energy. Schlumberger Ltd. and Nabors Industries are our largest competitors in Mexico.
The pressure pumping market is dominated by three major competitors: Schlumberger Ltd., Halliburton Company and BJ Services Company. These three companies have a substantially larger asset base than Key and are believed to operate in all major U.S. oil and natural gas producing basins. Other competitors include Weatherford International, Superior Well Service, Basic Energy Services, Complete Production Services, Frac-Tech and RPC. The pressure pumping industry is very competitive, and the three major competitors generally lead pricing in any particular region. Our pressure pumping services operate in niche markets and historically have competed effectively with these competitors based on performance and strong customer service. Where feasible, we cross market our pressure pumping services along with our well service rigs and fishing and rental services, thereby offering our customers the ability to minimize vendors, which, we believe, will improve efficiency. This cross marketing capability is unique to Key, because none of the three major pressure pumping contractors operate well service rigs in the United States.
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The U.S. fishing and rental equipment market is fragmented compared to our other product lines. Companies which provide fishing services generally compete based on the reputation of their fishing tool operators and their relationships with customers. Competition for rental tools is sometimes based on price; however, in most cases, when a customer chooses a specific fishing tool operator for a particular job, then the necessary rental equipment will be part of that job as well. Our primary competitors include: Baker Oil Tools, Smith International, Weatherford International, Basic Energy Services, Superior Energy Services, Quail Tools (owned by Parker Drilling) and Knight Oil Tools.
The need for well servicing, pressure pumping services and fishing and rental services fluctuates, primarily, in relation to the price (or anticipated price) of oil and natural gas, which, in turn, is driven by the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas. Generally, as supply of those commodities decreases and demand increases, service and maintenance requirements increase as oil and natural gas producers attempt to maximize the productivity of their wells in a higher priced environment.
The level of our revenues, earnings and cash flows are substantially dependent upon, and affected by, the level of domestic and international oil and gas exploration and development activity, as well as the equipment capacity in any particular region. For a more detailed discussion, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Properties
Key leases executive office space in Houston, Texas (principal executive office) and Midland, Texas. In addition, we conduct our operations using a combination of owned and leased properties in each of our geographic markets. Our leased properties are subject to various lease terms and expirations. As of December 31, 2007, we owned 142 properties, 10 of which were inactive. We also operated 75 leased office and yard locations. We owned or leased 57 salt water disposal wells, ten of which were inactive at December 31, 2007. The majority of our salt water disposal wells are located in Texas.
We believe all properties that we currently occupy are suitable for their intended use. We believe that we have sufficient facilities to conduct our operations during 2008. However, we continue to evaluate the purchase or lease of additional properties or the consolidation of our properties, as our business requires.
Employees
As of December 31, 2007, we employed approximately 8,380 persons in our domestic operations and approximately 1,440 additional persons in Argentina, Mexico and Canada. Our domestic employees are not represented by a labor union and are not covered by collective bargaining agreements. Many of our field employees in Argentina are represented by formal unions. While Mexico has a strong petroleum workers union, we are currently only employing non-union workers in Mexico. We have not experienced any material work stoppages associated with labor disputes or grievances and consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory. During 2007, we experienced an annual employee turnover rate of approximately 41%, compared to a turnover rate of approximately 45% in 2006. The high turnover rate is caused, in part, by the nature of the work, which is physically demanding and sometimes performed in harsh outdoor conditions. As a result, workers may choose to pursue employment in fields that offer a more desirable work environment at wage rates that are competitive with ours. Alternatively, some employees may leave Key if they can earn a higher wage with a competitor. A discussion of the risks associated with our high turnover is presented in "Risk FactorsBusiness-Related Risk Factors."
Governmental Regulations
Our operations are subject to various federal, state, and local laws and regulations pertaining to health, safety and the environment. We cannot predict the level of enforcement of existing laws or
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regulations or how such laws and regulations may be interpreted by enforcement agencies or court rulings in the future. We also cannot predict whether additional laws and regulations affecting our business will be adopted, or the effect such changes might have on us, our financial condition or our business. The following is a summary of the more significant existing environmental, health and safety laws and regulations to which our operations are subject and for which compliance may have a material adverse impact on our results of operation or financial position.
Environmental Regulations
Our operations routinely involve the storage, handling, transport and disposal of bulk waste materials, some of which contain oil, contaminants, and regulated substances. Various environmental laws and regulations require prevention, and where necessary, cleanup of spills and leaks of such materials, and some of our operations must obtain permits that limit the discharge of materials. Failure to comply with such environmental requirements or permits may result in fines and penalties, remediation orders and revocation of permits.
Laws and regulations protecting the environment have become more stringent over the years, and in certain circumstances may impose "strict liability," rendering us liable for environmental damage without regard to negligence or fault on our part. Moreover, cleanup costs, penalties, and other damages arising as a result of new or changes to existing environmental laws and regulations could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. From time to time, claims have been made and litigation has been brought against us under such laws. However, the costs incurred in connection with such claims and other costs of environmental compliance have not had a material adverse effect on our past operations or financial statements. Management believes that Key conducts its operations in substantial compliance with current federal, state and local requirements related to health, safety and the environment.
Hazardous Substances and Waste
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended, referred to as "CERCLA" or the "Superfund" law, and comparable state laws impose liability without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct on certain defined persons, including current and prior owners or operators of a site where a release of hazardous substances occurred and entities that disposed or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substances found at the site. Under CERCLA, these "responsible persons" may be liable for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances, for damages to natural resources, and for the costs of certain health studies. In the course of our operations, we generate materials that are regulated as hazardous substances and, as a result, may incur CERCLA liability for cleanup costs. Also, claims may be filed for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other pollutants.
We also generate solid wastes that are subject to the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, or "RCRA," and comparable state statutes. Certain materials generated in the exploration, development, or production of crude oil and natural gas are excluded from RCRA's hazardous waste regulation, but these wastes, which include wastes currently generated during our operations, could be designated as "hazardous wastes" in the future and become subject to more rigorous and costly disposal requirements. Any such changes in these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our operating expense.
Although we used operating and disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, hydrocarbons or other wastes may have been released at properties owned or leased by us now or in the past, or at other locations where these hydrocarbons and wastes were taken for treatment or disposal. Under CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws, we could be required to clean up
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contaminated property (including contaminated groundwater), or to perform remedial activities to prevent future contamination.
Air Emissions
The Clean Air Act, as amended, or "CAA," and state laws and regulations restrict the emission of air pollutants and also impose various monitoring and reporting requirements. These laws and regulations may require us to obtain approvals or permits for construction, modification or operation of certain projects or facilities and may require use of emission controls. Our failure to comply with CAA requirements and those of similar state laws and regulations could subject us to civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, and restrictions on operations.
Global Warming and Climate Control
Recent scientific studies suggest that emissions of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) may contribute to warming of the Earth's atmosphere. In response to such studies, the U.S. Congress is considering legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, many states have already taken measures to address greenhouse gases through the development of greenhouse gas emission inventories, and/or regional greenhouse gas cap and trade programs. As a result of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision on April 2, 2007 in Massachusetts et al. v. EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") may regulate greenhouse gas emissions from mobile sources (e.g. cars and trucks) even if Congress does not adopt new legislation. The Court's holding in Massachusetts that greenhouse gases are covered pollutants under the CAA may also result in future regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources. Legislation or regulatory programs that restrict greenhouse gas emissions in areas where we conduct business could increase our costs in order to stay compliant with any new laws.
Water Discharges
We operate facilities that are subject to requirements of the Clean Water Act, or "CWA," and analogous state laws that impose restrictions and controls on the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters. Pursuant to these laws, permits must be obtained to discharge pollutants into state waters or waters of the United States, including to discharge storm water runoff from certain types of facilities. Spill prevention, control and countermeasure requirements under the CWA require implementation of measures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters in the event of a hydrocarbon spill. Other requirements for the prevention of spills are established under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, as amended, or "OPA", which amends the CWA and applies to owners and operators of vessels, including barges, offshore platforms, and certain onshore facilities. Under OPA, regulated parties are strictly liable for oil spills and must establish and maintain evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to cover liabilities related to an oil spill for which such parties could be statutorily responsible. The CWA can impose substantial civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance.
Employees
Occupational Safety and Health Act. We are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or "OSHA", and comparable state laws that regulate the protection of employee health and safety. OSHA's hazard communication standard requires that information about hazardous materials used or produced in our operations be maintained and provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens. We believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with OSHA requirements.
Marine Employees. Certain of our employees who perform services on our barge rigs or work offshore are covered by the provisions of the Jones Act, the Death on the High Seas Act and general
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maritime law. These laws operate to make the liability limits established under state workers' compensation laws inapplicable to these employees. Instead, these employees or their representatives are permitted to pursue actions against us for damages resulting from job related injuries, with generally no limitations on our potential liability.
Other Laws and Regulations
Saltwater Disposal Wells. We operate saltwater disposal wells that are subject to the CWA, Safe Drinking Water Act, and state and local laws and regulations, including those established by the EPA's Underground Injection Control Program which establishes the minimum program requirements. Most of our saltwater disposal wells are located in Texas and we also operate saltwater disposal wells in Arkansas, Louisiana and New Mexico. Regulations in these states require us to obtain a permit to operate each of our saltwater disposal wells. The applicable regulatory agency may suspend or modify one of our permits if our well operation is likely to result in pollution of freshwater, substantial violation of permit conditions or applicable rules, or leaks to the environment. We maintain insurance against some risks associated with our well service activities, but there can be no assurance that this insurance will continue to be commercially available or available at premium levels that justify its purchase by us. The occurrence of a significant event that is not fully insured or indemnified could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.
Electric Wireline. We conduct cased-hole electric wireline logging, which may entail the use of radioactive isotopes along with other nuclear, electrical, acoustic, and mechanical devices to evaluate downhole formation. Our activities involving the use of isotopes are regulated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and specified agencies of certain states. Additionally, we may use high explosive charges for perforating casing and formations, and various explosive cutters to assist in wellbore cleanout. Such operations are regulated by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and require us to obtain licenses or other approvals for the use of densitometers as well as explosive charges. We have obtained these licenses and approvals when necessary and believe that we are in substantial compliance with these federal requirements.
Legal Proceedings
Class Action Lawsuits and Derivative Activities
Since June 2004, we were named as a defendant in six class action complaints for alleged violations of federal securities laws, which have been filed in federal district court in Texas. They are as follows:
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These six actions were consolidated into one action. On November 1, 2005, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended class action complaint. The complaint was brought on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of our securities between April 29, 2003 and June 4, 2004. The complaint named Key, Francis D. John, Royce W. Mitchell, Richard J. Alario and James J. Byerlotzer as defendants. The complaint generally alleged that we made false and misleading statements and omitted material information from our public statements and SEC reports during the class period in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including alleged: (i) overstatement of revenues, net income, and earnings per share, (ii) failure to take write downs of assets, consisting of primarily idle equipment, (iii) failure to amortize the Company's goodwill, (iv) failure to disclose that the Company lacked adequate internal controls and therefore was unable to ascertain the true financial condition of the Company, (v) material inflation of the Company's financial results at all relevant times, (vi) misrepresentation of the value of acquired businesses, and (vii) failure to disclose misappropriation of funds by employees.
In addition, four shareholder derivative suits were filed by certain of our shareholders. They are as follows:
The first derivative suit was filed on August 9, 2004 in state court in Midland, Texas. Two other derivative suits were filed in federal court in El Paso, Texas on December 10, 2004 and subsequently transferred to federal court in Midland, Texas and consolidated by agreement of the parties. Following dismissal of those two actions for failure to make a demand, a fourth derivative suit was filed in Texas state court in Harris County, Texas on May 22, 2007. Francis D. John, David J. Breazzano, Kevin P. Collins, William D. Fertig, W. Phillip Marcum, Ralph S. Michael III, J. Robinson West, James J. Byerlotzer, Royce W. Mitchell, and Richard J. Alario were named as defendants in one or more of
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those actions. The actions were filed by individual shareholders purporting to act on our behalf, asserting various claims against the named officer and director defendants. The derivative actions generally allege the same facts as those in the shareholder class action suits. Those suits also allege breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment by these defendants.
On September 7, 2007, we reached agreements in principle to settle all pending securities class action and derivative lawsuits in consideration of payments totaling $16.6 million in exchange for full and complete releases for all defendants, of which Key will be required to pay approximately $1.1 million. We received final approval of the settlement of the shareholder and class action claims on March 6, 2008, and preliminary court approval on the derivative action on April 18, 2008. Final approval by the court in the derivative action is anticipated to occur in the third quarter of 2008.
Other Matters
In addition to various suits and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business, we continue to be involved in litigation with our former executive officers as well as a class action lawsuit in California. We do not believe that the disposition of any of these items, including litigation with former management, will result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Please see Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies," and Note 10, "Commitments and Contingencies," to our audited consolidated financial statements and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, respectively, included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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Executive Officers and Directors
The following table sets out the names and ages of each of our executive officers and directors, followed by a description of their business experience, as of April 16, 2008. Executive officers are appointed annually by the Board of Directors. There are no family relationships between or among any of our officers or directors.
Name |
Age |
Position |
Executive Officer or Director Since |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario | 53 | Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Operating Officer | 2004 | |||
William M. Austin |
62 |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
2005 |
|||
Newton W. Wilson III |
57 |
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary |
2005 |
|||
Kim B. Clarke |
52 |
Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer |
2005 |
|||
Don D. Weinheimer |
49 |
Senior Vice President of Business Development, Technology and Strategic Planning |
2006 |
|||
Phil G. Coyne |
56 |
Senior Vice PresidentEastern Region |
2004 |
|||
Jim D. Flynt |
63 |
Senior Vice PresidentWestern Division |
2003 |
|||
J. Marshall Dodson |
37 |
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer |
2005 |
|||
D. Bryan Norwood |
52 |
Vice President and Treasurer |
2006 |
|||
David J. Breazzano |
51 |
Lead Director and Compensation Committee Chairman |
1997 |
|||
Lynn R. Coleman |
68 |
Director |
2007 |
|||
Kevin P. Collins |
57 |
Director |
1996 |
|||
William D. Fertig |
51 |
Director and Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee Chairman |
2000 |
|||
W. Phillip Marcum |
64 |
Director |
1996 |
|||
Ralph S. Michael, III |
53 |
Director and Audit Committee Chairman |
2003 |
|||
William F. Owens |
57 |
Director |
2007 |
|||
Robert K. Reeves |
50 |
Director |
2007 |
|||
J. Robinson West |
61 |
Director |
2001 |
|||
Arlene M. Yocum |
50 |
Director |
2007 |
Richard J. Alario joined the Company as President and Chief Operating Officer effective January 1, 2004. On May 1, 2004, Mr. Alario was promoted to Chief Executive Officer and appointed to the Board. He was elected Chairman of the Board on August 25, 2004. Prior to joining the Company,
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Mr. Alario was employed by BJ Services Company, where he served as Vice President from May 2002 after OSCA, Inc. was acquired by BJ Services. Prior to joining BJ Services, Mr. Alario had over 21 years of service in various capacities with OSCA, an oilfield services company, most recently serving as its Executive Vice President. He currently serves as director and chairman of the Health, Safety, Security and Environmental Committee of the National Ocean Industries Association. Mr. Alario holds a BA from Louisiana State University.
William M. Austin was named Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on January 20, 2005. He also served as Chief Accounting Officer from January 20, 2005 to August 22, 2005. Mr. Austin served as an advisor, principally in a financial capacity, to the Company for six months prior to becoming an officer of Key. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Austin served as Chief Restructuring Officer of Northwestern Corporation from 2003 to 2004, which declared bankruptcy in September 2003. Mr. Austin served as Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operations, of Cable & Wireless/Exodus Communications from 2001 to 2002, which declared bankruptcy in September 2001. He also served as Chief Financial Officer of BMC Software from 1997 to 2001. Prior to that, Mr. Austin spent nearly six years at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace, a subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas Corporation, serving most recently as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and 18 years at Bankers Trust Company. Mr. Austin received a BS in Electrical Engineering from Brown University and an MBA from Columbia University.
Newton W. Wilson III joined the Company as Senior Vice President and General Counsel effective January 24, 2005. He also was appointed Secretary effective January 24, 2005. Previously, Mr. Wilson served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Forest Oil Corporation, which he joined in November 2000. Prior to joining Forest, Mr. Wilson was a consultant to the oil industry as well as an executive for two oil and gas companies, Union Texas Petroleum and Transco Energy Company. Mr. Wilson received a BBA from Southern Methodist University and a JD from the University of Texas.
Kim B. Clarke joined the Company on November 22, 2004 as Vice President and Chief People Officer. She was elected as an executive officer in January 2005. As of January 1, 2006, Ms. Clarke serves as our Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer. Ms. Clarke previously served as Vice President of Human Resources for GC Services from 1999 to 2004. Prior to that she served in a number of senior level human resource roles for Browning Ferris Industries (BFI) from 1988 to 1997 and as BFI's Vice President Human Resources from 1997 to 1999. Ms. Clarke's 30 years of work experience also includes industry experience with Baker Service Tools and National Oilwell. Ms. Clarke holds a BS degree from the University of Houston.
Don D. Weinheimer joined the Company on October 2, 2006. Previously, Mr. Weinheimer served as Vice President, Technology Globalization, within Halliburton's Energy Services Group from July 2006 to October 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Weinheimer served in various capacities with Halliburton and divisions of Halliburton since 1981. Mr. Weinheimer has over 25 years of industry experience, including international operational and business development experience in both the Middle East and Algeria. Mr. Weinheimer holds a BS degree in Agricultural Engineering from Texas A&M University.
Phil G. Coyne became Senior Vice President of the Company's Eastern Region in September 2004. He was appointed as an executive officer in April 2005. Mr. Coyne joined the Company as Vice PresidentEastern Region in April of 2004. Before joining the Company, Mr. Coyne was Vice President of North America for Owen Oil Tools, an explosives manufacturer and a division of Core Laboratories, from 2001 to 2004. He served as U.S. Operations Support Manager for Wood Group (a British based company) from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Coyne served in various positions with Western Atlas from 1984 to 2000, most recently serving as the District Manager of Atlas's Broussard, Louisiana offshore operations. Mr. Coyne is a Vietnam era veteran and was in the Air Force stationed primarily in Thailand.
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Jim D. Flynt assumed his current position as Senior Vice PresidentWestern Region effective September 2004. Mr. Flynt became an executive officer of the Company effective March 5, 2003 when he was promoted to Senior Vice PresidentProduction Services. From December 1999 to March 2003, Mr. Flynt served as Vice PresidentWestern Operations. Mr. Flynt joined the Company in September 1998 as the President of the Company's California Division, following the Company's acquisition of Dawson Production Services, Inc. From February 1997 to September 1998, Mr. Flynt served as the Regional Vice President of Dawson Production Services, Inc. Before joining Dawson Production Services, Inc., he was Vice President, Area Manager, of Pride Petroleum Services, Inc. from January 1996 to February 1997. From June 1995 to January 1996, he served as District Manager of Pool California Production Service, a subsidiary of Pool Energy Services Co. From March 1976 to June 1995, he served as Vice President, Operations, of California Production Services, Inc.
J. Marshall Dodson joined the Company as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer on August 22, 2005. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Dodson served in various capacities at Dynegy, Inc. from 2002 to August 2005, most recently serving as Managing Director and Controller, Dynegy Generation. Mr. Dodson started his career with Arthur Andersen LLP in Houston, Texas in 1993, serving most recently as a senior manager prior to joining Dynegy, Inc. Mr. Dodson is a Certified Public Accountant and holds a BBA from the University of Texas at Austin.
D. Bryan Norwood was named Vice President and Treasurer effective October 20, 2006. Mr. Norwood has 30 years of experience, most recently as Eastern Region Controller for the Company, having served in that capacity from September 2005 to October 2006. Prior to joining Key, Mr. Norwood owned a consulting company DBN Norwood Services, Inc., from September 2003 to September 2005. He served as Vice President Finance Americas for Bredero Shaw Company from January 1998 to September 2003. Mr. Norwood is a Certified Public Accountant and is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin, where he received his BBA.
David J. Breazzano was named Lead Director in August 2004. Mr. Breazzano is president and one of the founding principals of DDJ Capital Management, LLC, an investment management firm established in 1996. He holds a BA from Union College, where he serves on the Board of Trustees, and an MBA from Cornell University.
Lynn R. Coleman was a partner in the energy practice of the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom LLP from 1981 until his retirement in 2007. Prior to joining Skadden, Mr. Coleman served as the general counsel of the U.S. Department of Energy and later as deputy secretary. In March 2008, Mr. Coleman was appointed to the Supervisory Board of Lyondell Basell Industries, a Luxembourg entity, which is a large chemical company with operations in the U.S. and internationally. He holds an LLB degree from the University of Texas and a BA from Abilene Christian College.
Kevin P. Collins has been Managing Member of The Old Hill Company LLC since 1997. From 1992 to 1997, he served as a principal of JHP Enterprises, Ltd., and from 1985 to 1992, as Senior Vice President of DG Investment Bank, Ltd., both of which were engaged in providing corporate finance and advisory services. Mr. Collins was a director of WellTech, Inc., or WellTech, from January 1994 until March 1996, when WellTech was merged into the Company. Mr. Collins is also a director of The Penn Traffic Company, PowerSecure International, Inc. and Contractors Holding, Inc. He holds BS and MBA degrees from the University of Minnesota. Mr. Collins is a CFA Charterholder.
William D. Fertig has been Co-Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of Context Capital Management, an investment advisory firm since 2002. Mr. Fertig was a Principal and a Senior Managing Director of McMahan Securities from 1990 through April 2002. Mr. Fertig previously served in various senior capacities at Drexel Burnham Lambert and Credit Suisse First Boston from 1980 through 1990. He holds a BS from Allegheny College and an MBA from the Stern Business School of New York University.
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W. Phillip Marcum was a director of WellTech, Inc. from January 1994 until March 1996, when WellTech was merged into the Company. From October 1995 until March 1996, Mr. Marcum was the non-executory Chairman of the Board of Directors of WellTech. He was Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Metretek Technologies, Inc., formerly known as Marcum Natural Gas Services, Inc., from January 1991 to April 2007 when he retired. The company is now known as PowerSecure International, Inc. Mr. Marcum also serves on the board of directors of ADA-ES, a Denver, Colorado based, publicly-held company. He is presently a principal in MG Advisors, LLC. He holds a BBA from Texas Tech University.
Ralph S. Michael, III was President and Chief Operating Officer of the Ohio Casualty Insurance Company from July 25, 2005 until its sale on August 24, 2007. From 2004 through July 2005, Mr. Michael served as Executive Vice President and Manager of West Commercial Banking for U.S. Bank, National Association and then as Executive Vice President and Manager of Private Asset Management for U.S. Bank. He also served as President of U.S. Bank Oregon from 2003 to 2005. From 2001 to 2002, he served as Executive Vice President and Group Executive of PNC Financial Services Group, with responsibility for PNC Advisors, PNC Capital Markets and PNC Leasing. From 1996 to 2001, he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer of PNC Corporate Banking. He was a director of Integrated Alarm Services Group from January 2003 until April 2007 and a director of T.H.E. Inc. from 1991 to 2004. He has been a director of Cincinnati Bengals, Inc. since April 2005. Mr. Michael also served as a director of Ohio Casualty Corporation from April 2002 until July 25, 2005. Mr. Michael began serving as a director of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc. in June 2006 and as a director of AK Steel Corporation in July 2007. He holds a BA from Stanford University and an MBA from the Graduate School of Management of the University of California Los Angeles.
William F. Owens served as Governor of Colorado from 1999 to 2007. Mr. Owens served as a member of the Colorado state house of representatives from 1982 to 1988, as a member of the state senate from 1988 to 1994 and as Colorado state treasurer from 1994 to 1998. Prior to his public service, Mr. Owens was a consultant with Touche Ross & Co., now Deloitte & Touche, LLP. In addition to his public service, Mr. Owens served for more than 10 years as Executive Director of the Colorado Petroleum Association, which represented 400 energy firms doing business in the Rockies. He holds a master's degree in public administration from the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin and an undergraduate degree from Stephen F. Austin University.
Robert K. Reeves is Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation. From 2004 to February 2007, Mr. Reeves served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs & Law and Chief Governance Officer of Anadarko. Prior to joining Anadarko, he served as Executive Vice President, Administration and General Counsel of North Sea New Ventures from 2003 to 2004, and as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Ocean Energy, Inc. and its predecessor companies from 1997 to 2003. He holds a BA and JD from Louisiana State University.
J. Robinson West is the founder, and since 1984 has served as Chairman and a director, of PFC Energy, strategic advisers to international oil and gas companies, national oil companies, and petroleum ministries. Previously, Mr. West served as U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Interior with responsibility for offshore oil leasing policy from 1981 through 1983. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Economic Affairs from 1976 through 1977 and a member of the White House Staff from 1974 through 1976. He is currently a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Petroleum Council, and serves as Chairman of the Board of the United States Institute of Peace. Mr. West is also a director of Cheniere Energy, Inc. He holds a BA from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a JD from Temple University Law School.
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Arlene M. Yocum has been Executive Vice President, Managing Executive of Client Service and Distribution for PNC's Wealth Management and Institutional Investment Groups since 2003. Prior to that she served as an Executive Vice President of PNC's Institutional Investment Group from 2000 to 2003. Ms. Yocum is a director of Protection One, Inc. She holds a JD from Villanova School of Law and a BA from Dickinson College.
Director Independence
Under applicable rules of the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, a director will only qualify as "independent" if our Board affirmatively determines that he or she has no direct or indirect material relationship with the Company. In addition, all members of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee are also required to meet the applicable independence requirements set forth in the rules of the NYSE and the SEC.
The Board has determined that, except for Mr. Alario, who serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer, each of our current directors is independent within the meaning of the foregoing rules. Further, the Board considered Mr. Reeves' position as an executive officer with one of our customers, Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, or Anadarko, and determined that the relationship between Anadarko and the Company does not affect Mr. Reeves' independence. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
The Compensation Committee consists of Messrs. Breazzano (Chairman), Fertig, Marcum, Reeves and West, all of whom are independent non-management directors. None of the Compensation Committee members has served as an officer or employee of the Company, and none of the Company's executive officers have served as a member of a compensation committee or board of directors of any other entity, which has an executive officer serving as a member of the Company's Board of Directors.
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INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Oversight of Executive Compensation Program
The Compensation Committee of our Board has responsibility for establishing, implementing and continually monitoring adherence with our compensation philosophy. The Compensation Committee has the authority to engage independent compensation consultants, who report directly to the committee, to advise and consult on compensation issues.
The Compensation Committee took the following actions during 2007 to improve the links between senior executive pay and performance by:
Compensation Consultant
In May 2007, after interviewing several candidates, the Compensation Committee retained Longnecker & Associates, or Longnecker, as its new compensation consultant to advise the Compensation Committee on all matters related to the senior executives' compensation and general compensation programs. The Compensation Committee previously used Towers Perrin in this capacity.
Longnecker assisted the Compensation Committee by providing comparative market data on compensation practices and programs based on an analysis of peer competitors. Longnecker also provided guidance on industry best practices. Longnecker advised the Compensation Committee in (1) determining base salaries for senior executives, (2) recommending long-term incentive initiatives for consideration, and (3) designing and recommending individual grant levels for the 2007 long-term incentive awards for the senior executives.
Compensation ranges for all positions are reviewed annually for adjustment. The last review was completed in July 2007. The review included total compensation for executives: base salary, annual incentives and long-term incentives. The review also assessed the competitiveness of each executive's compensation as compared to a specific peer group and other pertinent published surveys. Specifically, Longnecker evaluated where the total compensation for each executive stood relative to the 50th and 75th percentile of the peer group. Longnecker utilizes an average of public peer company information (50% weight) and published survey data (50% weight) in making their recommendations to the Compensation Committee. The following published surveys utilized by Longnecker were:
Economic Research Institute Executive Compensation Assessor Watson Wyatt Top Management Mercer Executive Benchmark Mercer Energy Towers Perrin Oilfield Services |
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The benchmarks used for executive compensation comparisons include companies in our industry with similar revenue and companies we consider to be competing for the same level of executive talent. The following companies fit either one of those categories and were used in our peer group analysis:
Baker Hughes Inc. | Oil States International Inc. | |
Basic Energy Services Inc. | Patterson-UTI Energy Inc. | |
Complete Production Services | Pride International Inc. | |
Grant Prideco Inc. | Smith International Inc. | |
Grey Wolf Inc. | Superior Well Services, Inc. | |
Helix Energy Solutions Group | Transocean Offshore Inc. | |
Noble Corp | W-H Energy Services Inc. | |
Oceaneering International | Weatherford International Ltd. |
The recommendations of Longnecker, including the selection of the peer group, were reviewed with management and adjusted by the Compensation Committee as appropriate to provide the most relevant information to the Compensation Committee.
Based on its review, Longnecker recommended that the target for all elements of total compensation for each executive should be in the 75th percentile of the peer group. Longnecker provided recommendations for targeted long-term incentive award amounts and incentive vehicles to deliver the awards. Longnecker's recommendation was to provide each executive a combination of stock options, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock in addition to base salary and bonus. In connection with its recommendation to the Compensation Committee, Longnecker considered not only the external market, but the internal circumstances affecting the Company such as the efforts required of senior management with respect to the delayed financial reporting process.
From time to time, Longnecker provided advice with respect to reviewing and structuring our policy regarding fees paid to our directors as well as other equity and non-equity compensation awarded to non-management directors. Longnecker was also engaged in 2007 to analyze the possibility of implementing a company-wide severance plan.
Advice and consulting for all other non-executive compensation is completed by third parties other than Longnecker.
Role of Executives in Establishing Compensation
Throughout this prospectus, the individuals who served as our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") during fiscal 2007, and each of our three other most highly compensated executive officers are referred to as the "Named Executive Officers" or "NEOs."
The Compensation Committee makes the final determination of all compensation paid to our NEOs and is involved in all compensation decisions affecting our CEO. However, management also plays a role in the determination of executive compensation levels. The key members of management involved in the compensation process are the CEO, the CFO, the General Counsel and the Chief People Officer. Management proposes certain corporate and executive performance objectives for executive management. Management also participates in the discussion of peer companies to be used to benchmark NEO compensation, and recommends the overall funding level for cash bonuses and equity incentive awards. All management recommendations are reviewed, modified as necessary by the Compensation Committee, and approved by the Compensation Committee.
Compensation Philosophy
In order to recruit and retain the most qualified and competent individuals as senior executives, we strive to maintain a compensation program that is competitive in our market and with respect to the general profession of our executives. We are committed to hiring and retaining qualified, motivated
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employees at all levels within the organization while ensuring that all forms of compensation are aligned with business needs. The purpose of our compensation program is to reward exceptional organizational and individual performance. Our compensation system is designed to support the successful attainment of our vision, values and business objectives.
The following compensation objectives are considered in setting the compensation components for our senior executives:
We want our executives to be motivated to achieve the Company's short and long-term goals, without sacrificing our financial and corporate integrity in trying to achieve those goals. While an executive's overall compensation should be strongly influenced by the achievement of specific financial targets, we believe that an executive must be provided a degree of financial certainty and stability in his or her compensation.
The principal components of our executive compensation program are base salary, cash incentive bonuses and long-term incentive awards in the form of stock options, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights. We blend these elements in order to formulate compensation packages which provide competitive pay, reward the achievement of financial, operational and strategic objectives on a short and long-term basis, and align the interests of our executive officers and other senior personnel with those of our stockholders. To understand our compensation philosophy, it is important to note that we believe that compensation is not the only manner in which we attract people to Key. We strive to hire and retain talented people who are compatible with our corporate culture, committed to our core values, and who want to make a contribution to our mission.
Elements of Compensation
The total compensation and benefits program for our senior executives generally consists of the following components:
Base Salaries
We provide base salaries to compensate our senior executives and other employees for services performed during the fiscal year. This provides a level of financial certainty and stability in an industry with historical volatility and cyclicality. The base salaries are designed to reflect the experience, education, responsibilities and contribution of the individual executive officers. This form of
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compensation is eligible for annual merit increases, and is initially established for each executive through individual negotiation and is reflected in the executive's employment agreement. Thereafter, salaries are reviewed annually, based on a number of factors, both quantitative, including detailed organizational and competitive analyses performed by the consultant engaged by the Compensation Committee, and qualitative, including the Compensation Committee's perception of the executive's experience, performance and contribution to our business objectives and corporate values.
Each of the NEOs, other than Mr. Weinheimer who joined the Company in 2006, received a salary increase in May 2007. The average salary increase for the NEOs during 2007 was 5.5%. The increase reflected the Compensation Committee's belief that the base salary should be between the 50th and 75th percentile of the peer group with respect to this component of total compensation.
Cash Bonus Incentive Plan
The cash bonus incentive awards are variable cash compensation earned only when established semi-annual performance goals are achieved. It is designed to reward the plan participants, including the NEOs, who have achieved certain corporate and executive performance objectives and have contributed to the achievement of certain short and long-term objectives of the Company.
Under this cash compensation program, each executive has the opportunity to earn a cash incentive compensation bonus based on the achievement of pre-determined operating and financial performance measures and other performance objectives established semi-annually by the Compensation Committee. Those goals are financial targets, safety targets, retention targets and some individual job-related targets. Each goal is weighted in terms of percentage of the total program.
In 2007, our financial target was measured by our EBITDA performance and was tied to our financial business plan, which was approved by the Board. The Compensation Committee establishes a threshold and a target percentage of EBITDA performance for the period. The threshold level of EBITDA performance must be met in order to fund the incentive program. If the EBITDA performance falls short of such threshold, then no incentive bonuses are awarded under the program regardless of goal achievement under the other measures. If EBITDA threshold is achieved, but less than 100% of the target is achieved, then the executive may receive an incremental bonus percentage with respect to the EBITDA target. Assuming that the EBITDA financial threshold is met, the executive can then receive credit in the other bonus measurements. The executive may also receive incremental credit for the other bonus measurements even though 100% of the target goal with respect to each other performance measurement has not been reached. The Compensation Committee reviews these goals at the beginning of the period and authorizes payment following the end of the period.
Each executive's bonus opportunity is initially reflected in the executive's employment agreement and subsequently reviewed at least annually. Currently, the Compensation Committee has set the aggregate annual bonus opportunity as a percentage of base salary, which is earned on a semi-annual basis. The aggregate participation percentage for all eligible employees can range from 10% to 100% of base salary. The participation percentage for all NEOs, on an annual basis, is 100% of base salary. However, if the Company performs above the financial business plan and therefore exceeds the established EBITDA performance measures, additional increments are awarded up to 140% of the weighted portion of the EBITDA target. Achievement over and above the financial target can occur only when the business plan is exceeded. Inasmuch as the business plan is our estimate of maximum expected achievement for such six-month period, exceeding the target for this measure is difficult.
The following measures, which are discussed in more detail below, determined the size of bonus awards earned by the NEOs during 2007:
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Measurements
EBITDA
The financial target is based on EBITDA; however, certain adjustments are made in the calculation of this performance measure for purposes of determining the financial target achieved. We calculate this financial target as net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We also exclude (i) losses or gains on the sale of assets, (ii) losses on early extinguishment of debt, and (iii) net other expenses or other income.
Safety
The safety target is based on a goal established by the Compensation Committee at the beginning of the period. This goal represents the improvement required or desired result in the OSHA recordable incident rate. OSHA recordable incident rates are determined by measuring the number of incidents, such as accidents or injuries, involving our employees. Incidents that are recorded include accidents or injuries potentially resulting in a fatality, an employee missing work, an employee having to switch to "light" duty work or an employee needing to have medical treatment.
Employee Turnover
The employee retention goal is used as an incentive to reduce employee turnover. The goals are established by the Compensation Committee at the beginning of the period and represent a specific percentage of improvement or a desired minimum in the number of employees that terminate employment with the Company from the prior period goal.
Individual Objectives
Individual performance goals are based on individual objectives for each NEO specific to his or her area of expertise and influence, such as the implementation of a new corporate-wide initiative, system or policy. The Compensation Committee sets, to the extent it deems appropriate, the individual targets for the CEO and CFO, while the CEO sets the individual objectives for all other NEOs. The targets for these measures are derived from our 2007 business plan as approved by the Board and are set at or above the levels set within the business plan.
Under our incentive compensation program, the Compensation Committee has discretion to adjust targets, as well as individual awards, either positively or negatively.
The percentage weighting with respect to these target measurements for the first and second half of 2007 are set forth below. The tables also highlight the percentage of target measurements achieved by each of the NEOs for each six-month period for the cash bonus incentive plan. The actual levels achieved, which are expressed as a percentage of base salary for the corresponding period, are multiplied by 50% of the NEO's salary to calculate the amount earned by the NEO for the respective six-month period.
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First Half 2007 Incentive Plan Measures
|
|
|
|
|
1H07 Actual |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Performance Measure Weighting |
||||||||||||
Participant |
% of Target Payout |
|
|||||||||||
EBITDA |
Safety |
Turnover |
Individual |
$ |
|||||||||
Richard J. Alario | 75 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | | 46 | % | $ | 182,500 | ||
William M. Austin | 65 | % | 10 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | 49 | % | $ | 106,792 | |
Newton W. Wilson III | 65 | % | 15 | % | 5 | % | 15 | % | 53 | % | $ | 105,750 | |
Kim B. Clarke | 50 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | 25 | % | 64 | % | $ | 83,672 | |
Don D. Weinheimer | 65 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | 10 | % | 51 | % | $ | 63,969 |
Second Half 2007 Incentive Plan Measures
|
|
|
|
|
2H07 Actual |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Performance Measure Weighting |
||||||||||||
Participant |
% of Target Payout |
|
|||||||||||
EBITDA |
Safety |
Turnover |
Individual |
$ |
|||||||||
Richard J. Alario | 75 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | | 48 | % | $ | 192,600 | ||
William M. Austin | 65 | % | 10 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | 43 | % | $ | 94,064 | |
Newton W. Wilson III | 65 | % | 15 | % | 5 | % | 15 | % | 48 | % | $ | 96,300 | |
Kim B. Clarke | 60 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | 48 | % | $ | 63,197 | |
Don D. Weinheimer | 60 | % | 15 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | 38 | % | $ | 47,812 |
Prior to August 2007, the weighting of bonus targets was established primarily by the position of the employee and overall level of the employee in the Company's organizational structure. Generally, the higher the employee was ranked, the greater the weighting on the financial performance of the Company. In August 2007, senior management established the standard weighting of bonus targets for all corporate employees, other than NEOs, for the second half of 2007 as follows:
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The standardization by management was implemented to provide consistency in the overall compensation plan. Management wanted to provide a greater percentage weighting to the financial performance target for all participants in the plan. It was management's belief that the new standard weighting of target bonuses would better align the goals of individuals with the success of the Company. The percentage targets for the second half of 2007 with respect to each of the NEOs, other than Mr. Alario, were also established by Mr. Alario in August 2007 based generally on the same analysis applied to all corporate employees. Mr. Alario's percentage targets, which were established by the Compensation Committee last year, continued in effect for all of 2007.
In February 2008, the Compensation Committee reviewed the second half bonuses for the Company. During this review, the Committee determined that for the second half of 2007, based on the achievement and weighting of the targets established in August 2007, the NEOs would receive a lesser payout than the average corporate employee due to the underweighting of personal initiatives for these executives as compared to the standard corporate plan. The Committee then determined that each of the NEOs bonuses for the second half of 2007 would be adjusted as if these executives had at the beginning of the program period a 30% weighting for personal initiatives, including Mr. Alario. The determination by the Compensation Committee to make the adjustments was based on the Compensation Committee's view of the accomplishments made by senior management during the second half of 2007, including the closing of three strategic acquisitions, becoming current in the financial reporting process and relisting of the Company's common stock on the NYSE. The aggregate cost of the adjustments for the second half of 2007 was $120,279, of which Mr. Alario received $75,600. The second half targets actually achieved, which are listed above, reflect these adjustments.
Long-Term Equity-Based Incentive Compensation
The purpose of our long-term incentive compensation is to align the interest of our executives with that of our stockholders. We want our executives to be focused on increasing stockholder value. In order to encourage and establish this focus on stockholder value we used the Key Energy Group, Inc. 1997 Incentive Plan (the "1997 Incentive Plan") during 2007 as a long-term vehicle to accomplish this goal. The 1997 Incentive Plan expired in November 2007. The Company's stockholders approved the Key Energy Services, Inc. 2007 Cash and Equity Incentive Plan in December 2007 (the "2007 Incentive Plan"). During 2007, no awards were made under the 2007 Incentive Plan.
Although the Company emerged from an extended restatement and financial reporting process in September 2007, the Company was unable to allow the exercise of any vested stock options during most of 2007 and was limited in its ability to issue restricted shares, except to those senior executives who qualified for an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The Compensation Committee considered these limitations in determining the components of equity based compensation granted to its senior executives.
Based on the recommendation of Longnecker, the Company made long-term equity based incentive awards to all of its executive officers of both restricted shares and stock appreciation rights, or SARs. The aggregate amount of the awards were intended to align the executives' equity based compensation between the 50th and 75th percentile of the peer group with respect to this component of total compensation. The allocation between restricted shares and SARs was based on Longnecker's recommendation in consideration of the overall economic benefit to the executives and impact to the Company.
Key Energy Group, Inc. 1997 Incentive Plan
During 2007, to promote our long-term objectives, equity awards were made under the 1997 Incentive Plan to directors, executive officers and other employees who were in a position to make a significant contribution to our long-term success. Our 1997 Incentive Plan provided for different types
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of equity awards, including non-qualified and incentive stock options, shares of common stock, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights. Since equity awards may vest and grow in value over time, this component of our compensation plan is designed to reward performance over a sustained period.
Stock Options. Stock options represent rights to purchase shares of Key stock at a set price at some date in the future, not to exceed ten years from the date of grant. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the closing stock price on the business day immediately preceding the date of grant.
We believe that awards of stock options provide a significant incentive for senior executives to remain employed and to achieve and maintain high levels of performance over multi-year periods, and that they strengthen the connection between executive and stockholder interests. Although no performance vesting criteria are applied to our stock option awards, we believe that stock options represent a powerful performance incentive, as the options become valuable only to the extent that our stock price increases following the date of grant.
From March 2004 through September 2007, we were unable to allow the exercise of any stock options. We filed a registration statement on September 25, 2007 that now allows us to issue shares upon exercise of the outstanding options.
Restricted Stock. Restricted stock awards represent awards of actual shares of our common stock, earned contingent upon continued employment. Typically the restricted stock we grant to our executives vests at a rate of one-third per year over a three-year term.
We believe that awards of restricted stock provide a significant incentive for executives to achieve and maintain high levels of performance over multi-year periods, and that they strengthen the connection between executive and stockholder interests. We believe that restricted shares are a powerful tool for helping us retain executive talent. The higher value of a share of restricted stock in comparison to a stock option allows us to issue fewer total shares in order to arrive at a competitive total long-term incentive award value. Furthermore, we believe that the use of restricted stock reflects competitive practice among other production service companies with whom we compete for executive talent.
Stock Appreciation Rights. SARs entitle the recipient to receive the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock on the date of exercise, multiplied by the number of shares of common stock for which the SAR was exercised. An SAR recipient will not actually pay the exercise price to exercise an SAR. All payments will be made in shares of the Company's common stock. The exercise price is equal to the closing price on the business day immediately preceding the date of grant. The SARs vest ratably over a three year period from the date of grant and have 10-year lives.
We believe that SARs provide a significant incentive for executives to achieve and maintain high levels of performance over multi-year periods, and that they strengthen the connection between executive and stockholder interests. We believe that SARs are a creative tool for helping us retain executive talent.
Retirement, Health and Welfare Benefits
We offer a variety of health and welfare and retirement programs to all eligible employees. Under the terms of their employment agreements, the NEOs are eligible for the same broad based benefit programs on the same basis as the rest of the Company's employees. Our health and welfare programs include medical, pharmacy, dental, vision, life insurance and accidental death and disability. For our
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NEOs, we also pay all covered out-of-pocket expenses for healthcare not otherwise covered by insurance.
Perquisites
In addition to the compensation described above, under the terms of their respective employment agreements, executive officers may also be paid reasonable fees for personal financial advisory counseling, accounting and related services, legal advisory or attorney's fees and income tax preparation and tax audit services. Additional perquisites include auto allowances plus reimbursement for reasonable insurance and maintenance expenses and club memberships. The costs to the Company associated with providing these benefits for NEOs in 2007 are reflected in the Perquisites Table set forth below.
401(k) Plan
We maintain a 401(k) plan for our employees. Under the 401(k) plan, eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 100% of their eligible compensation on a pre-tax basis in accordance with the limitations imposed under the Internal Revenue Code.
We also match 100% of each employee's deferrals up to 4% of the individual's eligible salary, subject to a cap, which for 2007 was $225,000. Therefore, even if an employee earned more than $225,000 in eligible salary, the contribution match made by the Company could not exceed $9,000.
The cash amounts contributed under the 401(k) plan are held in a trust and invested among various investment funds in accordance with the directions of each participant. An employee's salary deferral contributions under the 401(k) plan are 100% vested. We made employer matching contributions to the 401(k) plan of approximately $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Severance Payments/Change In Control
We have employment agreements in place with each of the NEOs providing for severance compensation for a period of up to three years in the event the executive's employment is terminated for a variety of reasons, including a change in control of the Company. We have provided more information about these benefits, along with estimates of the value under various circumstances. See "Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control" below.
Our practice in the case of change in control benefits has been to structure these as "double trigger" benefits. In other words, the change of control does not itself trigger benefits; rather, benefits are paid only if the employment of the executive is terminated during a specified period after a change of control. We believe a "double trigger" benefit maximizes stockholder value because it prevents an unintended windfall to executives in the event of a friendly change of control, while still providing appropriate incentives to cooperate in negotiating any change of control. In addition, these agreements avoid distractions involving executive management that arise when the Board is considering possible strategic transactions involving a change in control, and assure continuity of executive management and objective input to the Board when it is considering any strategic transaction. For additional information concerning our change in control agreements, see "Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control" below.
Each of the executive officers is subject to noncompete and non-solicitation provisions pursuant to the terms of their employment contracts.
Regulatory Considerations
The tax and accounting consequences of utilizing various forms of compensation are considered by the Compensation Committee when adopting new or modifying existing compensation.
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Under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, publicly-held corporations may not take a tax deduction for compensation in excess of $1 million paid to any of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table during any fiscal year. There is an exception to the $1 million limitation for performance based compensation meeting certain requirements. To maintain flexibility in compensating executives in a manner designed to promote varying corporate goals, the Compensation Committee has not adopted a policy requiring all compensation to be deductible under Section 162(m). However, the Compensation Committee considers deductibility under Section 162(m) with respect to compensation arrangements for executives. The Committee cannot guarantee that future executive compensation will be fully deductible under Code Section 162(m).
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
We account for equity based compensation in accordance with the requirements of SFAS 123(R).
Compensation of Executive Officers
2007 Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position |
Year |
Salary ($) |
Bonus ($) |
Stock Awards ($)(1) |
Option Awards ($)(2) |
Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) |
All Other Compensation ($)(3) |
Total |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario Chief Executive Officer |
2007 2006 |
$ $ |
796,306 745,769 |
$ |
432,190 |
(5) |
$ $ |
1,861,462 1,598,474 |
$ $ |
463,690 495,204 |
$ $ |
375,100 891,563 |
(4) (6) |
$ $ |
47,521 57,643 |
$ $ |
3,544,079 4,220,843 |
||||||
William M. Austin Chief Financial Officer |
2007 2006 |
$ $ |
432,304 418,308 |
|
$ $ |
741,921 529,719 |
$ $ |
110,753 66,090 |
$ $ |
200,856 473,445 |
(7) (8) |
$ $ |
20,258 15,184 |
$ $ |
1,506,092 1,502,746 |
||||||||
Newton W. Wilson III General Counsel |
2007 2006 |
$ $ |
393,159 372,938 |
$ $ |
100,000 100,000 |
(9) (9) |
$ $ |
712,687 529,719 |
$ $ |
134,851 232,738 |
$ $ |
202,050 433,661 |
(10) (11) |
$ $ |
22,708 34,462 |
$ $ |
1,565,455 1,703,518 |
||||||
Kim B. Clarke Chief People Officer |
2007 2006 |
$ $ |
258,587 250,000 |
|
$ $ |
456,678 186,125 |
$ $ |
84,178 75,701 |
$ $ |
146,869 286,313 |
(12) (13) |
$ $ |
15,519 12,953 |
$ $ |
961,831 811,092 |
||||||||
Don D. Weinheimer Senior Vice President |
2007 |
$ |
250,000 |
$ |
88,037 |
(14) |
$ |
211,229 |
$ |
44,351 |
$ |
111,781 |
(15) |
$ |
10,428 |
$ |
715,826 |
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Name |
Savings Plan Contributions(1) |
Insurance |
Auto Allowance(2) |
Medical Expenses(3) |
Other(4) |
Total |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario | $ | 9,000 | $ | 14,453 | (5) | $ | 13,200 | $ | 10,250 | $ | 618 | $ | 47,521 | |||||
William M. Austin | $ | 9,000 | $ | 2,154 | (6) | | $ | 7,916 | $ | 1,188 | $ | 20,258 | ||||||
Newton W. Wilson III | $ | 9,000 | $ | 3,610 | (7) | | $ | 9,324 | $ | 774 | $ | 22,708 | ||||||
Kim B. Clarke | $ | 9,000 | | | $ | 6,037 | $ | 482 | $ | 15,519 | ||||||||
Don D. Weinheimer | $ | 9,000 | | | | $ | 1,428 | $ | 10,428 |
104
2007 Grants of Plan Based Awards
|
|
Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards(1) |
All Other Stock Awards: Securities Number of Underlying (#) |
All Other Option Awards Number of Securities Underlying (#) |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards ($/Sh) |
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards ($)(5) |
||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Grant Date |
Threshold ($) |
Target ($) |
Maximum ($) |
|||||||||||||||||
Richard J. Alario | 8/22/07 8/22/07 |
$ |
60,000 |
$ |
800,000 |
$ |
1,040,000 |
91,743 |
(2) |
224,719 |
(3) |
$ |
14.32 |
(4) |
$ $ |
1,313,760 1,332,584 |
|||||
William M. Austin |
8/22/07 8/22/07 |
$ |
28,405 |
$ |
437,000 |
$ |
550,620 |
41,762 |
(2) |
102,294 |
(3) |
$ |
14.32 |
(4) |
$ $ |
598,032 606,603 |
|||||
Newton W. Wilson III |
8/22/07 8/22/07 |
$ |
26,000 |
$ |
400,000 |
$ |
504,000 |
30,581(2 |
) |
74,906 |
(3) |
$ |
14.32 |
(4) |
$ $ |
437,920 444,193 |
|||||
Kim B. Clarke |
8/22/07 8/22/07 |
$ |
15,570 |
$ |
262,500 |
$ |
325,500 |
20,069 |
(2) |
49,157 |
(3) |
$ |
14.32 |
(4) |
$ $ |
287,388 291,501 |
|||||
Don D. Weinheimer |
8/22/07 8/22/07 |
$ |
15,000 |
$ |
250,000 |
$ |
310,000 |
16,724 |
(2) |
40,964 |
(3) |
$ |
14.32 |
(4) |
$ $ |
239,488 242,917 |
Employment Agreements
Each of the NEO's employment agreements provides for an initial term of two years and automatically renews for successive one-year extension terms unless terminated by the executive or the Company at least ninety (90) days prior to the commencement of an extension term. Each of the executives receives an annual salary, which can be increased (but not decreased) at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and, in the case of Messrs. Austin, Wilson and Weinheimer and Ms. Clarke, the Chief Executive Officer. Each executive is also eligible for an annual incentive bonus of up to 100% of his or her base salary, in the case of Messrs. Austin, Wilson and Weinheimer or Ms. Clarke, and up to 200% of his base salary, in the case of Mr. Alario, and is entitled to participate in awards of equity-based incentives at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee. The executives also receive comprehensive medical and dental plans available to the Company's senior management pursuant to which all medical and dental expenses incurred by them and their respective spouses and children will be reimbursed through insurance or, in the absence of insurance, directly by the Company so that the executives have no out-of-pocket cost with respect to such expenses.
105
Mr. Alario receives an allowance of $1,100 per month, plus reimbursement for reasonable insurance and maintenance expenses, in connection with the use of his automobile and is entitled to be reimbursed up to $15,000 in any fiscal year of the Company for personal services provided by certified public accountants and tax attorneys. Mr. Alario is also entitled to be reimbursed for the initiation fee and the annual or other periodic fees, dues and costs to become and remain a member of one club or association for business use, as approved by the Compensation Committee.
The employment agreements contain a comprehensive non-compete provision that prohibits the executives from engaging in any activities that are competitive with the Company during their employment, and for any period in which each of them is receiving severance compensation from the Company (or if payment of severance compensation is increased due to a change of control, for a period of three (3) years after the termination of employment) or for twelve (12) months following termination if the executive receives no severance compensation from the Company.
The employment agreements provide for compliance with the provisions of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code concerning the payment of potential future benefits to the executives and reimbursement of any tax penalties owed pursuant to Section 409A of the Code on an after-tax basis. If Mr. Alario is subject to the tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, he will be reimbursed for such tax on an after-tax basis. If either of Messrs. Austin, Wilson and Weinheimer and Ms. Clarke is subject to the tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code, he or she will be reimbursed for such tax on an after-tax basis; provided, however, that the executive has agreed to a reduction of up to 10% of the value the executive would have received if such reduction would avoid the imposition of such tax.
The employment agreements also provide for certain severance benefits for each of the NEOs. Please see "Potential Payment Upon Termination or Change in Control," and "Elements of Severance Payments," for further discussion.
106
2007 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
|
Stock Awards |
|
|
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested ($)(3) |
||||||||||||
Name |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable |
Option Exercise Price ($) |
Option Expiration Date(1) |
Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#)(2) |
|||||||||
Richard J. Alario | 133,333 |
66,667 224,719 |
$ $ |
11.90 14.32 |
06/24/15 08/22/17 |
241,743 |
$ |
3,478,682 |
||||||
William M. Austin |
100,000 |
102,294 |
$ $ |
10.53 14.32 |
09/09/14 08/22/17 |
108,429 |
$ |
1,560,293 |
||||||
Newton W. Wilson III |
125,000 |
74,906 |
$ $ |
11.90 14.32 |
06/24/15 08/22/17 |
97,248 |
$ |
1,399,399 |
||||||
Kim B. Clarke |
10,000 10,000 |
5,000 49,157 |
$ $ $ |
11.75 14.25 14.32 |
12/15/14 12/08/15 08/22/17 |
51,737 |
$ |
744,495 |
||||||
Don D. Weinheimer |
|
40,964 |
$ |
14.32 |
08/22/17 |
33,391 |
$ |
480,496 |
Option Expiration Date |
Vesting |
|
---|---|---|
June 24, 2015 (Alario) | 1/3 per year on the anniversary date of the grant beginning on June 24, 2006 | |
June 24, 2015 (Wilson) | 1/3 on June 24, 2005, date of grant, and 1/3 per year beginning on the anniversary date of the grant | |
September 9, 2014 | 1/3 per year on the date of the grant beginning on September 9, 2004 | |
December 15, 2014 | 1/3 per year the anniversary date of the grant beginning on December 15, 2005 | |
December 8, 2015 | 1/3 per year on the anniversary date of the grant beginning on December 8, 2006 | |
August 22, 2017 | 1/3 per year on the anniversary date of the date of grant beginning on August 22, 2008 |
107
Name |
Number of Shares |
Vesting Date |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario | 50,000 50,000 50,000 30,581 30,581 30,581 |
June 24, 2008 December 22, 2008 December 22, 2009 August 22, 2008 August 22, 2009 August 22, 2010 |
||
William M. Austin | 33,334 16,667 16,666 13,920 13,921 13,921 |
June 24, 2008 December 22, 2008 December 22, 2008 August 22, 2008 August 22, 2009 August 22, 2010 |
||
Newton W. Wilson | 33,334 16,667 16,666 10,193 10,194 10,194 |
June 24, 2008 December 22, 2008 December 22, 2009 August 22, 2008 August 22, 2009 August 22, 2010 |
||
Kim B. Clarke | 8,334 11,667 11,667 6,689 6,690 6,690 |
June 24, 2008 December 22, 2008 December 22, 2009 August 22, 2008 August 22, 2009 August 22, 2010 |
||
Don D. Weinheimer | 8,333 8,334 5,574 5,575 5,575 |
October 2, 2008 October 2, 2009 August 22, 2008 August 22, 2009 August 22, 2010 |
108
2007 Option Exercises and Stock Vested
The following table sets forth certain information regarding options and stock awards exercised and vested, respectively, during 2007 for the persons named in the Summary Compensation Table above.
|
Option Awards(1) |
Stock Awards |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name |
Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) |
Value Realized on Exercise ($) |
Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) |
Value Realized on Vesting ($)(2) |
|||||
Richard J. Alario | | | 100,000 | $ | 1,686,000 | ||||
William M. Austin | | | 50,000 | $ | 886,998 | ||||
Newton W. Wilson III | | | 50,000 | $ | 886,998 | ||||
Kim B. Clarke | | | 19,999 | $ | 328,384 | ||||
Don D. Weinheimer | | | 8,333 | $ | 139,161 |
Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
The following table reflects the potential payments to which the NEOs would be entitled upon termination of employment on December 31, 2007. The closing price of a share of Key's common stock on December 31, 2007, the last trading day of the year, was $14.39. The actual amounts to be paid out to executives upon termination can only be determined at the time of each NEO's separation from the Company.
Name |
Non- Renewal(1) |
For Cause or Voluntary Resignation(2) |
Death(3) |
Disability(4) |
Without Cause(5) |
Change of Control(6) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash Severance(7) | $ | 1,656,400 | | | $ | 2,484,600 | $ | 2,484,600 | $ | 4,884,600 | ||||||||
Restricted Stock(8) | $ | 3,478,682 | | $ | 3,478,682 | $ | 3,478,682 | $ | 3,478,682 | $ | 3,478,682 | |||||||
Vested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 331,999 | | $ | 331,999 | $ | 331,999 | $ | 331,999 | $ | 331,999 | |||||||
Unvested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 181,731 | | $ | 181,731 | $ | 181,731 | $ | 181,731 | $ | 181,731 | |||||||
Health & Welfare | $ | 72,899 | | $ | 29,540 | $ | 72,899 | $ | 72,899 | $ | 72,899 | |||||||
Tax Gross-Ups(10) | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total Pre-Tax Benefit(11) | $ | 5,721,711 | | $ | 4,021,952 | $ | 6,549,911 | $ | 6,549,911 | $ | 8,949,911 |
109
Name |
Non- Renewal(1) |
For Cause or Voluntary Resignation(2) |
Death(3) |
Disability(4) |
Without Cause(5) |
Change of Control(6) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
William M. Austin | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash Severance | $ | 874,000 | | | $ | 437,000 | $ | 874,000 | $ | 2,562,736 | ||||||||
Restricted Stock(8) | $ | 1,560,293 | | $ | 1,560,293 | $ | 1,560,293 | $ | 1,560,293 | $ | 1,560,293 | |||||||
Vested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 386,000 | | $ | 386,000 | $ | 386,000 | $ | 386,000 | $ | 386,000 | |||||||
Unvested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 7,161 | | $ | 7,161 | $ | 7,161 | $ | 7,161 | | ||||||||
Health & Welfare | $ | 22,749 | | $ | 18,441 | $ | 22,749 | $ | 22,749 | $ | 22,749 | |||||||
Tax Gross-Ups(10) | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total Pre-Tax Benefit(11) | $ | 2,850,203 | | $ | 1,971,895 | $ | 2,413,203 | $ | 2,850,203 | $ | 4,531,778 |
Name |
Non- Renewal(1) |
For Cause or Voluntary Resignation(2) |
Death(3) |
Disability(4) |
Without Cause(5) |
Change of Control(6) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Newton W. Wilson III | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash Severance | $ | 800,000 | | | $ | 400,000 | $ | 800,000 | $ | 2,400,000 | ||||||||
Restricted Stock(8) | $ | 1,399,399 | | $ | 1,399,399 | $ | 1,399,399 | $ | 1,399,399 | $ | 1,399,399 | |||||||
Vested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 311,250 | | $ | 311,250 | $ | 311,250 | $ | 311,250 | $ | 311,250 | |||||||
Unvested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 5,243 | | $ | 5,243 | $ | 5,243 | $ | 5,243 | $ | 5,243 | |||||||
Health & Welfare | $ | 25,661 | | $ | 18,441 | $ | 25,661 | $ | 25,661 | $ | 25,661 | |||||||
Tax Gross-Ups(10) | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total Pre-Tax Benefit(11) | $ | 2,541,553 | | $ | 1,734,333 | $ | 2,141,553 | $ | 2,541,553 | $ | 4,141,553 |
Name |
Non- Renewal(1) |
For Cause or Voluntary Resignation(2) |
Death(3) |
Disability(4) |
Without Cause(5) |
Change of Control(6) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim B. Clarke | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash Severance | $ | 525,000 | | | $ | 262,500 | $ | 525,000 | $ | 1,575,000 | ||||||||
Restricted Stock(8) | $ | 744,495 | | $ | 744,495 | $ | 744,495 | $ | 744,495 | $ | 744,495 | |||||||
Vested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 27,800 | | $ | 27,800 | $ | 27,800 | $ | 27,800 | $ | 27,800 | |||||||
Unvested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 4,141 | | $ | 4,141 | $ | 4,141 | $ | 4,141 | $ | 4,141 | |||||||
Unvested 401(k) Plan | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Health & Welfare | $ | 18,441 | | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | |||||||
Tax Gross-Ups(10) | | | | | | $ | 649,840 | |||||||||||
Total Pre-Tax Benefit(11) | $ | 1,319,877 | | $ | 794,877 | $ | 1,057,377 | $ | 1,319,877 | $ | 3,019,717 |
110
Name |
Non- Renewal(1) |
For Cause or Voluntary Resignation(2) |
Death(3) |
Disability(4) |
Without Cause(5) |
Change of Control(6) |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Don D. Weinheimer | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash Severance | $ | 500,000 | | | $ | 250,000 | $ | 500,000 | $ | 1,500,000 | ||||||||
Restricted Stock(8) | $ | 480,496 | | $ | 480,496 | $ | 480,496 | $ | 480,496 | $ | 480,496 | |||||||
Vested Options and SARs(9) | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Unvested Options and SARs(9) | $ | 2,867 | | $ | 2,867 | $ | 2,867 | $ | 2,867 | $ | 2,867 | |||||||
Health & Welfare | $ | 18,441 | | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | $ | 18,441 | |||||||
Tax Gross-Ups(10) | | | | | | $ | 643,844 | |||||||||||
Total Pre-Tax Benefit(11) | $ | 1,001,804 | | $ | 501,804 | $ | 751,804 | 1,001,804 | $ | 2,645,648 |
Assuming termination on December 31, 2007, this "modified gross-up" resulted in the scale-back of Mr. Austin's change in control benefits in order to result in the non-application of the excise tax. Pursuant to Mr. Austin's employment agreement, the scale-back provision provides first for a reduction from his stock option benefit ($7,161), followed by a reduction in his severance benefit ($59,264). With respect to Mr. Weinheimer and Ms. Clarke, the scale-back did not result in non-application of the excise tax, therefore the entire change in control benefit for each was considered. Messrs. Alario and Wilson's change in control benefits were not subject to any excise tax.
Elements of Severance Payments
Key has entered into employment agreements with the NEOs that provide for certain payments upon termination depending upon the circumstances of the NEO's separation from the Company, as summarized below.
111
Cash Severance
If, during the term of Mr. Alario's employment agreement, he is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for "Cause," or if he terminates his employment because of a material breach by the Company, Mr. Alario will be entitled to severance compensation in an aggregate amount, generally equal to three times his base salary in effect at the time of termination payable in equal installments over a 36-month period following termination. In the event Mr. Alario's employment is terminated because the Company does not renew his employment agreement, Mr. Alario is entitled to the greater of one year's base salary then in effect or the highest multiple of base salary in effect for non-renewal under any other executive officer's contract in effect at the time of non-renewal; provided however, that this provision shall only apply to increase the severance beyond one year's salary if such other agreement was also either in effect on the commencement date of Mr. Alario's agreement or later approved by the Compensation Committee after the commencement date of his agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2007, he would have been entitled to an amount equal to two times his base salary.
For all the other NEOs, if, during the term of the NEOs' employment agreement, the NEO is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for "Cause" or disability, including non-renewal of the NEO's employment agreement or if the NEO terminates his or her employment because of a material breach by the Company, the NEO will be entitled to severance compensation in an aggregate amount, equal to two times the NEOs' base salary in effect at the time of termination payable in equal installments over a 24-month period following termination.
However, for each of the NEOs, their respective employment agreement specifies that if termination is within one year following a change of control of the Company, the severance compensation will be an amount equal to three times their respective base salary then in effect plus an amount equal to three times their respective annual target cash bonus, and will be payable in one lump sum on the effective date of the termination. None of the NEOs are entitled to cash severance compensation upon the NEO's death.
Equity Based Incentives
Equity based incentives include restricted stock, stock options and stock appreciation rights or SARs. For each of the NEOs, if the NEO is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for "Cause," or if the NEO terminates his or her employment because of a material breach by the Company or following a change of control of the Company, any equity based incentives held by the NEO that have not vested prior to the termination date shall immediately vest and all vested equity based incentives shall remain exercisable until, with respect to Mr. Alario, the earlier of the third anniversary date of the termination or the stated expiration date of the equity based incentive, and with respect to all other NEOs, until the earlier of the first anniversary date of the termination or the stated expiration date of the equity based incentive.
Health & Welfare
If the NEO terminates his or her employment because of a material breach by the Company or following a change in control or the Company terminates the NEO's employment for any reason other than for "Cause," including non-renewal, the NEO will continue to receive the benefits that the NEO was receiving at the Company's expense prior to such termination until the earlier of (i) twenty-four months with respect to Messrs. Austin, Wilson or Weinheimer and Ms. Clarke, or thirty-six months with respect to Mr. Alario, (ii) the last date of eligibility under the applicable benefits, or (iii) the date on which the NEO commences full-time employment with another employer that provides equivalent benefits; provided that, if termination occurs for any reason within one year of a change in control or in anticipation of a change of control, in lieu of such benefits the Company will pay an amount in cash
112
equal to the aggregate reasonable expenses the Company would incur to pay such benefits. In the event of death, the executive's spouse is entitled to up to three years of coverage after the date of termination, with respect to Mr. Alario, and with respect to the other NEOs, the executive's spouse is entitled to up to two years of coverage after the date of termination.
In addition, Mr. Alario is entitled to term-life insurance for such period that he is otherwise entitled to severance under his employment agreement.
Tax Gross-Ups
If any NEO is subject to the tax imposed due to unfavorable tax treatment under Sections 280G and 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code because of any termination related payments, the Company has agreed to reimburse the NEO for such tax on an after-tax basis.
Director Compensation
For 2007, the non-employee directors received a fee equal to $65,000 per year, or a pro rated amount for partial years of service, and an annual award of common stock of the Company having a fair market value of $85,000, and are reimbursed for travel and other expenses directly associated with Company business. Each non-employee director received the annual award of common stock in 2007. The chairs of the Compensation Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee each received an additional $10,000 per year for their service, and the chair of the Audit Committee and the Lead Director each received an additional $20,000 per year. All other members of the Audit Committee (other than the chair) receive an additional $10,000 per year.
The following table discloses the cash and equity awards earned, paid or awarded, as the case may be, to each of the Company's non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. Messrs. Coleman, Reeves and Owens and Ms. Yocum, all of whom joined the board of directors in 2007, received an award of stock when they joined the board.
Name |
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) |
Stock Awards ($)(1) |
Total ($) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
David J. Breazzano | $ | 95,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 180,000 | |||
Lynn R. Coleman | $ | 16,250 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 101,250 | |||
Kevin P. Collins | $ | 75,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 160,000 | |||
Daniel L. Dienstbier(2) | $ | 32,500 | | $ | 32,500 | ||||
William D. Fertig | $ | 75,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 160,000 | |||
W. Phillip Marcum(3) | $ | 75,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 160,000 | |||
Ralph S. Michael III | $ | 85,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 170,000 | |||
William F. Owens | $ | 67,500 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 152,250 | |||
Robert K. Reeves | $ | 16,250 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 101,250 | |||
J. Robinson West | $ | 65,000 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 150,000 | |||
Morton Wolkowitz | $ | 48,750 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 133,750 | |||
Arlene M. Yocum | $ | 18,750 | $ | 85,000 | $ | 103,750 |
113
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
In July 2007, the Executive Committee of the Board adopted a written, revised Affiliate Transaction Policy which requires advance review and approval of any proposed transactions (other than employee or director compensation) between the Company and an affiliate of the Company. For this purpose, affiliates include major stockholders, directors and executive officers and members of their immediate family (including in-laws), nominees for director, and affiliates of the foregoing persons, as determined in accordance with SEC rules. In determining whether to approve an affiliate transaction, the Board will use such process it deems reasonable in light of the circumstances, such as the nature of the transaction and the affiliate involved, and which may include an analysis of any auction process involved, an analysis of market comparables, use of an appraisal, obtaining an investment banking opinion or a review by independent counsel. The policy requires the Board to determine that, under all of the circumstances, the covered transaction is in, or not inconsistent with, the best interests of the Company, and requires approval of covered transaction by a majority of the Board (other than interested directors). The Board, in its discretion, may delegate this authority to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee or another committee comprised solely of independent directors, as appropriate.
In addition, the Company requires on an annual basis that the directors and executive officers of the Company complete a Directors and Officers Questionnaire to describe certain information and relationships (including those involving their immediate family members) that may be required to be disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K, annual proxy statement and other filings with the SEC. Director nominees and newly appointed executive officers must complete the questionnaire at or before the time they are nominated or appointed. If a change occurs in certain information required to be disclosed in the questionnaire after it is completed, the director or executive officer must immediately report this to the Company throughout the year, including changes in relationships between immediate family members and the Company, compensation paid from third parties for services rendered to the Company not otherwise disclosed, interests in certain transactions, and facts that could affect director independence. Directors are required to disclose in the questionnaire, among other things, any transaction that the director or any immediate family member has entered into with the Company or relationships that a director or an immediate family member has with the Company, whether direct or indirect. This information is provided to the Company's legal department for review and, if required, submitted to the Board for the process of determining independence.
For fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Craig Owen, the son-in-law of Jim Flynt, our Senior Vice PresidentWestern Region, served, and continues to serve, as an area manager in our Rocky Mountain Division. For fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Mr. Owen received approximately $181,490 in salary, bonus and benefits. Mr. Owen has been with Key since 1980. We believe that Mr. Owen's compensation is comparable to what he would receive absent his relationship to Mr. Flynt.
On January 15, 2007, Lee James, the brother-in-law of Phil Coyne, our Senior Vice PresidentEastern Region, accepted a position with Key as a Sales Representative. For fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Mr. James received approximately $138,500 in salary, bonus and benefits. We believe that Mr. James' compensation is comparable to what he would receive absent his relationship to Mr. Coyne.
On April 30, 2007, Darren Flynt, the son of Jim Flynt, our Senior Vice PresidentWestern Region, accepted a position with Key as a Business Process Manager. For fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Darren Flynt received approximately $120,000 in salary, bonus and benefits. We believe that Darren Flynt's compensation is comparable to what he would receive absent his relationship to Mr. Jim Flynt.
Pursuant to the terms of our revised Affiliate Transaction Policy, the related party transactions with Lee James and Darren Flynt were reviewed and approved, and the related party transaction with
114
Mr. Owen, whose relationship has been previously disclosed, was revisited and approved under the revised Affiliate Transaction Policy, by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Executive Committee on July 10, 2007 and July 11, 2007, respectively.
Mr. Reeves joined the Board in October 2007 and is currently an executive officer with Anadarko, one of our customers. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Anadarko purchased services from us for approximately $21.9 million, which is less than 2% of our revenue for 2007. The Board does not consider this amount to be material and the relationship between Anadarko and the Company does not otherwise affect Mr. Reeves' independence.
115
STOCK OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
This section provides information about the beneficial ownership of our common stock by our directors and executive officers. The number of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by each person is determined under the rules of the SEC and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under these rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any shares which the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of any stock options or other rights. Unless otherwise indicated, each person has sole investment and voting power, or shares such power with his or her spouse, with respect to the shares set forth in the following table. The inclusion in this table of any shares deemed beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership of those shares.
The address for each person identified below is care of Key Energy Services, Inc., 1301 McKinney Street, Suite 1800, Houston, Texas 77010.
Set forth below is certain information with respect to beneficial ownership of the common stock as of March 31, 2008 by each NEO and director, and all executive officers and directors as a group.
Name of Beneficial Owner |
Number of Shares(1) |
Percentage of Outstanding Shares(2) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Richard J. Alario(3) | 555,407 | * | |||
David J. Breazzano(4) | 337,571 | * | |||
Lynn R. Coleman | 5,000 | * | |||
Kevin P. Collins(5) | 272,643 | * | |||
William D. Fertig(6) | 122,571 | * | |||
W. Phillip Marcum(7) | 272,643 | * | |||
Ralph S. Michael, III(8) | 46,371 | * | |||
William F. Owens | 11,365 | * | |||
Robert K. Reeves | 5,704 | * | |||
J. Robinson West(9) | 64,627 | * | |||
Arlene M. Yocum | 5,000 | * | |||
William M. Austin(10) | 268,643 | * | |||
Newton W. Wilson III(11) | 282,354 | * | |||
Kim B. Clarke(12) | 91,029 | * | |||
Don D. Weinheimer | 41,119 | * | |||
Current Directors and Executive Officers as a group (19 persons) | 2,700,662 | 2.14 | % |
116
The following table sets forth, as reported through March 31, 2008, certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of common stock by each person, other than the Company's directors or executive officers, who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock.
|
Shares Beneficially Owned |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
|||||
Number |
Percent |
||||
Guardian Life Insurance Company of America(1) 388 Market Street, Suite 1700 San Francisco, CA 9411 |
15,204,370 | 11.5 | % | ||
MHR Fund Management LLC(2) 40 West 57th Street, 24th Floor New York, NY 10019 |
19,564,500 |
14.7 |
% |
||
Wells Fargo & Company(3) 420 Montgomery Street San Francisco, CA 94163 |
7,007,323 |
5.28 |
% |