FORM 6-K
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                            REPORT OF FOREIGN ISSUER

                      Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of
                       the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

                            For the month of May 2006

                              AETERNA ZENTARIS INC.

                        1405, boul. du Parc-Technologique
                                 Quebec, Quebec
                                 Canada  G1P 4P5
                    (Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports
under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

                     Form  20-F        Form 40-F    X
                          ------                  -----

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information
contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the
Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

                       Yes             No   X
                          ------          -----

If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in
connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-____________




                                 DOCUMENTS INDEX

DOCUMENTS DESCRIPTION



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
1.   Press release dated May 3, 2006: AEterna Zentaris Reports 2006 First
     Quarter Financial and Operating Results
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------




                                                         [AETERNA ZENTARIS LOGO]

AETERNA ZENTARIS INC.
1405 DU PARC-TECHNOLOGIES BLVD.
QUEBEC (QUEBEC) CANADA G1P 4P5
T 418 652-8525  F 418 652-0861
www.aeternazentaris.com
                                                                   PRESS RELEASE
                                                           For Immediate Release

AETERNA ZENTARIS REPORTS 2006 FIRST QUARTER FINANCIAL AND OPERATING RESULTS

COMPANY REITERATES COMMITMENT TO ADVANCING PIPELINE

ALL AMOUNTS ARE IN U.S. DOLLARS

QUEBEC CITY, CANADA, MAY 3, 2006 - AEterna Zentaris Inc. (TSX: AEZ; NASDAQ:
AEZS) today reported financial and operating results for the first quarter ended
March 31, 2006. Consolidated revenues for the first quarter 2006 were $84.5
million, an increase of 36.5% compared to total revenues of $61.9 million for
the same period in 2005. Consolidated R&D expenses net of tax credits amounted
to $6.9 million for the first quarter of 2006 compared to $6.4 million for the
same period in 2005. The Company's consolidated net loss was $2.6 million for
the first quarter of 2006, or $0.05 per share, compared to net earnings of $0.1
million for the same period in 2005. This $2.7 million variation is mainly
attributable to a decrease in license revenues in the Company's
Biopharmaceutical segment, increased R&D investments and interest expense,
partly offset by its 48.29%-owned subsidiary Atrium Biotechnologies' net
earnings. The consolidated cash and short-term investments were $46.9 million on
March 31, 2006.

The Company highlighted first quarter 2006 advancements with respect to its
product development pipeline, Corporate Affairs and recent events:

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE ADVANCEMENTS

>>   Initiation of Phase 2, Multi-Center study of perifosine for the treatment
     of refractory multiple myeloma;

>>   Initiation of Phase 2, Multi-Center study of perifosine for the treatment
     of refractory leukemia;

>>   Disclosure of preclinical results on various drug candidates at the
     American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Meeting in Washington,
     including tubulin inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors and cytotoxic
     conjugates; and

>>   Regained the exclusive worldwide (ex-Japan) rights for cetrorelix in benign
     prostate hyperplasia.




CORPORATE AFFAIRS

>>   The Solidarity Fund QFL and SGF Sante Inc. converted their term loans into
     common shares;

>>   Former Abbott Vice President, Gerald J. Martin appointed to AEterna
     Zentaris Board.

RECENT EVENTS

>>   Gained market approval for Cetrotide(R) (cetrorelix) in Japan for IN VITRO
     fertilization.

Gilles Gagnon, AEterna Zentaris' President and Chief Executive Officer said, "We
progressed on multiple fronts throughout the quarter as we strengthened our
financial position and continued to advance our development pipeline. The
preclinical results on different anti-cancer agents presented at the American
Association for Clinical Research (AACR) meeting in Washington, are indicative
of the depth of our pipeline and its potential to yield novel products to treat
cancer. Furthermore, we were very pleased to have regained the worldwide,
ex-Japan rights for cetrorelix in BPH, and are presently in the process of
designing a protocol to conduct a late-stage study with cetrorelix in BPH in the
United States, upon discussions with the United States Food and Drug
Administration. We believe we will initiate our late-stage development program
this year, in line with our strategy. Finally, we continue to see progress with
our lead signal transduction inhibitor, perifosine as two Phase 2 trials were
initiated this quarter with our partner, Keryx, in leukemia and multiple
myeloma. We are committed to driving our strategy forward as we aggressively
move our promising product candidates through our pipeline."

Dennis Turpin, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AEterna Zentaris,
commented: "We were very pleased with SGF and FTQ's decision to convert the
entirety of their convertible term loans into AEterna Zentaris common shares.
This conversion, along with Atrium's continued growth, further strengthened our
balance sheet in the first quarter. Furthermore, we will continue to see an
increase in our R&D investment in 2006, clearly reflecting our commitment to our
focused strategy to advance and expand our clinical-stage pipeline, in
particular, the oncology proprietary products while maintaining a solid
financial position."

APPOINTMENT TO COMPANY MANAGEMENT

Mario Paradis, CA, has been promoted from Senior Director, Finance and Corporate
Secretary to Vice President, Finance, Administration and Corporate Secretary.
Former Senior Manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers, within the Audit and Assurance
Group, Mr. Paradis joined AEterna Zentaris in 1999.

"Mario Paradis has been a great asset for our Company over the last seven
years," said Gilles Gagnon, President and Chief Executive Officer at AEterna
Zentaris. "In addition to his current financial and legal functions, he will be
in charge of overall administrative affairs of the Company and its
subsidiaries."


                                       2



CONFERENCE CALL INFORMATION

Management will be hosting a conference call for the investment community
beginning at 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time today, Wednesday, May 3, to discuss 2006
first quarter financial and operating results, followed by a question and answer
session.

To participate in the live conference call by telephone, please dial
514-807-8791, 416-644-3424 from Canada or 800-796-7558 from outside Canada.
Individuals interested in listening to the conference call on the Internet may
do so by visiting www.aeternazentaris.com. A replay will be available on the
Company's Web site for 30 days.

ABOUT AETERNA ZENTARIS INC.

AEterna Zentaris Inc. is a growing global biopharmaceutical company focused on
oncology and endocrine therapy with proven expertise in drug discovery,
development and commercialization.

AEterna Zentaris also owns 48.29% of the equity of Atrium Biotechnologies Inc.
(TSX: ATB.sv) and 64.7% of its voting rights. Atrium is a developer,
manufacturer and marketer of science-based products for the cosmetics,
pharmaceutical, chemical and nutritional industries.


News releases and additional information are available at
www.aeternazentaris.com.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This press release contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe
harbor provisions of the U.S. Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties,
which could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those
in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among
others, the availability of funds and resources to pursue R&D projects, the
successful and timely completion of clinical studies, the ability of the Company
to take advantage of business opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry,
uncertainties related to the regulatory process and general changes in economic
conditions. Investors should consult the Company's quarterly and annual filings
with the Canadian and U.S. securities commissions for additional information on
risks and uncertainties relating to the forward-looking statements. Investors
are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. The Company does
not undertake to update these forward-looking statements.

                                      -30-

CONTACTS

MEDIA RELATIONS                          INVESTOR RELATIONS
Paul Burroughs                           Jenene Thomas
(418) 652-8525 ext. 406                  (418) 655-6420 or (908) 996-3154
paul.burroughs@aeternazentaris.com       jenene.thomas@aeternazentaris.com

ATTACHMENT: Financial summary


                                       3



(IN THOUSANDS OF US DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE
AND PER SHARE DATA)



                                                                           THREE-MONTH PERIODS
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS                                                         ENDED MARCH 31,
UNAUDITED                                                                 2006              2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            $                  $
                                                                                       
REVENUES                                                                   84,477             61,865
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPERATING EXPENSES
Cost of sales                                                              57,196             37,163
Selling, general and administrative                                        13,567              9,935
R&D costs, net of tax credits and grants                                    6,901              6,446
Depreciation and amortization                                               2,381              1,818
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           80,045             55,362
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EARNINGS FROM OPERATIONS                                                    4,432              6,503

Interest income                                                               420                306
Interest expense                                                           (3,223)            (2,158)
Foreign exchange gain                                                         212                208
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EARNINGS BEFORE THE FOLLOWING ITEMS                                         1,841              4,859

Current income taxes                                                       (1,996)            (2,121)
Future income taxes                                                         1,189             (1,097)
Loss on dilution of investments                                               (54)                 -
Non-controlling interest                                                   (3,560)            (1,523)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) FOR THE PERIOD                                         (2,580)               118
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NET EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
     Basic                                                                  (0.05)                 -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Diluted                                                                (0.05)                 -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Weighted average number of shares
     Basic                                                             50,327,227         45,799,897
     Diluted                                                           50,864,878         46,238,901
Issued and outstanding shares                                          53,133,681         46,139,814



                                       4



BIOPHARMACEUTICAL SEGMENT - SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS OF US DOLLARS)
UNAUDITED



                                                                 THREE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED MARCH 31,
                                                                    2006                   2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     $                       $
                                                                                      
REVENUES
    Sales and royalties                                             6,575                  6,898
    License fees                                                    2,173                  6,849
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    8,748                 13,747
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

R&D EXPENSE, NET OF TAX CREDITS AND GRANTS                          6,804                  6,350
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EARNINGS (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS                                    (6,105)                   135
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CASH FLOWS GENERATED (USED) BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES                (3,524)                 1,322
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET                                       As at March 31,    As at December 31,
UNAUDITED                                                             2006                 2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                       $                     $
                                                                                  
Cash and short-term investments                                      46,917                52,705
Other current assets                                                112,177               108,998
                                                                 -------------------------------------
                                                                    159,094               161,703
Long term assets                                                    264,409               263,835
                                                                 -------------------------------------
Total assets                                                        423,503               425,538
                                                                 -------------------------------------
                                                                 -------------------------------------

Current liabilities                                                  57,888                62,201
Long-term debt                                                      105,954               135,743
Other long-term liabilities                                          52,773                53,532
Non-controlling interest                                             68,699                64,531
                                                                 -------------------------------------
                                                                    285,314               316,007
Shareholders' equity                                                138,189               109,531
                                                                 -------------------------------------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity                          423,503               425,538
                                                                 -------------------------------------
                                                                 -------------------------------------



                                       5



                                    SIGNATURE

             Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

                              AETERNA ZENTARIS INC.

DATE:  MAY 8, 2005                   By: /s/ MARIO PARADIS
------------------                       --------------------------------------
                                         Mario Paradis
                                         Vice President, Finance, Administration
                                         and Corporate Secretary