YUM 10K 12/31/11
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
|
| | |
[ü] | | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES |
| | EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 |
| | |
| | OR |
| | |
[ ] | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES |
| | EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from ____________ to _________________
Commission file number 1-13163
YUM! BRANDS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
| | | |
| North Carolina | | 13-3951308 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | | Identification No.) |
| | | |
| 1441 Gardiner Lane, Louisville, Kentucky | | 40213 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
| | | |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (502) 874-8300 |
|
| | | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act |
| | | |
| Title of Each Class | | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered |
| Common Stock, no par value | | New York Stock Exchange |
| |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: |
| None |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ü No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes No ü
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ü No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ü No
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ü]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one): Large accelerated filer: [ü] Accelerated filer: [ ] Non-accelerated filer: [ ] Smaller reporting company: [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes No _ü
The aggregate market value of the voting stock (which consists solely of shares of Common Stock) held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 11, 2011 computed by reference to the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape on such date was $24,430,261,521. All executive officers and directors of the registrant have been deemed, solely for the purpose of the foregoing calculation, to be “affiliates” of the registrant. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of February 14, 2012 was 460,414,239 shares.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the definitive proxy statement furnished to shareholders of the registrant in connection with the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 17, 2012 are incorporated by reference into Part III.
Forward-Looking Statements
In this Form 10-K, as well as in other written reports and oral statements that we make from time to time, we present “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions.
Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. These statements often include words such as “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “intend,” “seek,” “expect,” “project,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan” or other similar terminology. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and upon data available at the time of the statements and are neither predictions nor guarantees of future events or circumstances. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially. Important factors that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from our expectations and forward-looking statements include (i) the risks and uncertainties described in the Risk Factors included in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K and (ii) the factors described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Part II, Item 7 of this Form 10-K. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. In making these statements, we are not undertaking to address or update any risk factor set forth herein in future filings or communications regarding our business results.
PART I
YUM! Brands, Inc. (referred to herein as “YUM”, the “Registrant” or the “Company”), was incorporated under the laws of the state of North Carolina in 1997. The principal executive offices of YUM are located at 1441 Gardiner Lane, Louisville, Kentucky 40213, and the telephone number at that location is (502) 874-8300. Our website address is http://www.yum.com.
YUM, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to in this Form 10-K annual report (“Form 10-K”) as the Company. The terms “we,” “us” and “our” are also used in the Form 10-K to refer to the Company. Throughout this Form 10-K, the terms “restaurants,” “stores” and “units” are used interchangeably. While YUM! Brands, Inc., referred to as the Company, does not directly own or operate any restaurants, throughout this document we may refer to restaurants as being Company-operated.
| |
(a) | General Development of Business |
In January 1997, PepsiCo announced its decision to spin-off its restaurant businesses to shareholders as an independent public company. Effective October 6, 1997, PepsiCo disposed of its restaurant businesses by distributing all of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of YUM to its shareholders. On May 16, 2002, following receipt of shareholder approval, the Company changed its name from TRICON Global Restaurants, Inc. to YUM! Brands, Inc.
| |
(b) | Financial Information about Operating Segments |
YUM consists of five operating segments: YUM Restaurants China ("China" or “China Division”), YUM Restaurants International (“YRI” or “International Division”), Taco Bell U.S., KFC U.S. and Pizza Hut U.S. The China Division includes only mainland China, and the International Division includes the remainder of our international operations. For financial reporting purposes, management considers the three U.S. operating segments to be similar and, therefore, has aggregated them into a single reportable operating segment (“U.S.”). In December 2011, the Company sold the Long John Silver's ("LJS") and A&W All-American Food Restaurants ("A&W") brands to key franchisee leaders and strategic investors in separate transactions. Financial information prior to these transactions reflects our ownership of these brands.
Operating segment information for the years ended December 31, 2011, December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009 for the Company is included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) in Part II, Item 7, pages 21 through 47 and in the related Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, pages 48 through 93.
| |
(c) | Narrative Description of Business |
General
YUM is the world’s largest quick service restaurant (“QSR”) company based on number of system units, with approximately 37,000 units in more than 120 countries and territories. Primarily through the three concepts of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell (the “Concepts”), the Company develops, operates, franchises and licenses a worldwide system of restaurants which prepare, package and sell a menu of competitively priced food items. Units are operated by a Concept or by independent franchisees or licensees under the terms of franchise or license agreements. Franchisees can range in size from individuals owning just one restaurant to large publicly traded companies. In addition, the Company owns non-controlling interests in Chinese entities who operate in a manner similar to KFC franchisees, as well as a non-controlling interest in Little Sheep Group Limited ("Little Sheep"), a casual dining concept headquartered in Inner Mongolia, China. On February 1, 2012, we acquired a controlling interest in Little Sheep. See Notes 4 and 21 for details.
The China Division, based in Shanghai, China, comprises approximately 4,500 system restaurants, primarily Company-owned KFCs and Pizza Huts. In 2011, the China Division recorded revenues of approximately $5.6 billion and Operating Profit of $908 million. The International Division, based in Dallas, Texas, comprises approximately 14,500 system restaurants, primarily franchised KFCs and Pizza Huts, operating in over 120 countries outside the U.S. In 2011 YRI recorded revenues of approximately $3.3 billion and Operating Profit of $673 million. We have approximately 18,000 system restaurants in the U.S. and recorded revenues of approximately $3.8 billion and Operating Profit of $589 million in 2011.
Restaurant Concepts
Most restaurants in each Concept offer consumers the ability to dine in and/or carry out food. In addition, Taco Bell and KFC offer a drive-thru option in many stores. Pizza Hut offers a drive-thru option on a much more limited basis. Pizza Hut and, on a much more limited basis, KFC offer delivery service.
Each Concept has proprietary menu items and emphasizes the preparation of food with high quality ingredients, as well as unique recipes and special seasonings to provide appealing, tasty and attractive food at competitive prices.
The franchise programs of the Company are designed to assure consistency and quality, and the Company is selective in granting franchises. Under standard franchise agreements, franchisees supply capital – initially by paying a franchise fee to YUM, purchasing or leasing the land, building, equipment, signs, seating, inventories and supplies and, over the longer term, by reinvesting in the business. Franchisees then contribute to the Company’s revenues through the payment of royalties based on a percentage of sales.
The Company believes that it is important to maintain strong and open relationships with its franchisees and their representatives. To this end, the Company invests a significant amount of time working with the franchisee community and their representative organizations on all aspects of the business, including products, equipment, operational improvements and standards and management techniques.
The Company and its franchisees also operate multibrand units, primarily in the U.S., where two or more of the Concepts are operated in a single unit.
Following is a brief description of each Concept:
KFC
| |
• | KFC was founded in Corbin, Kentucky by Colonel Harland D. Sanders, an early developer of the quick service food business and a pioneer of the restaurant franchise concept. The Colonel perfected his secret blend of 11 herbs and spices for Kentucky Fried Chicken in 1939 and signed up his first franchisee in 1952. |
| |
• | KFC operates in 115 countries and territories throughout the world. As of year end 2011, KFC had 3,701 units in China, 8,920 units in YRI and 4,780 units in the U.S. Approximately 79 percent of the China units, 11 percent of the YRI units and 10 percent of the U.S. units are Concept-owned. |
| |
• | As of year end 2011, KFC was the leader in the U.S. chicken QSR segment among companies featuring chicken-on-the-bone as their primary product offering, with a 39 percent market share in that segment, which is over twice as large as that of its closest national competitor. (Source: The NPD Group, Inc./CREST®, year ending December 2011, based on consumer spending) |
| |
• | KFC restaurants across the world offer fried and non-fried chicken products such as sandwiches, chicken strips, chicken-on-the-bone and other chicken products marketed under a variety of names. KFC restaurants also offer a variety of side items suited to local preferences and tastes. Restaurant decor throughout the world is characterized by the image of the Colonel. |
Pizza Hut
| |
• | The first Pizza Hut restaurant was opened in 1958 in Wichita, Kansas, and within a year, the first franchise unit was opened. Today, Pizza Hut is the largest restaurant chain in the world specializing in the sale of ready-to-eat pizza products. |
| |
• | Pizza Hut operates in 97 countries and territories throughout the world. As of year end 2011, Pizza Hut had 764 units in China, 5,383 units in YRI and 7,600 units in the U.S. All of the China units and approximately 11 percent of the YRI units and 6 percent of the U.S. units are Concept-owned. |
| |
• | Pizza Hut operates in the delivery and casual dining segments around the world. Outside of the U.S., Pizza Hut often uses unique branding to differentiate its delivery and casual dining businesses. |
| |
• | As of year end 2011, Pizza Hut was the leader in the U.S. pizza QSR segment, with a 15 percent market share in that segment. (Source: The NPD Group, Inc./CREST®, year ending December 2011, based on consumer spending) |
| |
• | Pizza Hut features a variety of pizzas which are marketed under varying names. Each of these pizzas is offered with a variety of different toppings suited to local preferences and tastes. Many Pizza Huts also offer pasta and chicken wings, including over 3,000 stores offering wings under the brand WingStreet, primarily in the U.S. Pizza Hut units feature a distinctive red roof logo on their signage. |
Taco Bell
| |
• | The first Taco Bell restaurant was opened in 1962 by Glen Bell in Downey, California, and in 1964, the first Taco Bell franchise was sold. |
| |
• | Taco Bell operates in 27 countries and territories throughout the world. As of year end 2011, there were 5,670 Taco Bell units in the U.S. and 275 in YRI. Approximately 21 percent of the U.S. units and 1 percent of the YRI units are Concept-owned. |
| |
• | As of year end 2011, Taco Bell was the leader in the U.S. Mexican QSR segment, with a 50 percent market share in that segment. (Source: The NPD Group, Inc./CREST®, year ending December 2011, based on consumer spending) |
| |
• | Taco Bell specializes in Mexican-style food products, including various types of tacos, burritos, quesadillas, salads, nachos and other related items. Taco Bell units feature a distinctive bell logo on their signage. |
Restaurant Operations
Through its Concepts, YUM develops, operates, franchises and licenses a worldwide system of both traditional and non-traditional QSR restaurants. Traditional units feature dine-in, carryout and, in some instances, drive-thru or delivery services. Non-traditional units, which are typically licensed outlets, include express units and kiosks which have a more limited menu, usually lower sales volumes and operate in non-traditional locations like malls, airports, gasoline service stations, train stations, subways, convenience stores, stadiums, amusement parks and colleges, where a full-scale traditional outlet would not be practical or efficient.
Restaurant management structure varies by Concept and unit size. Generally, each Concept-owned restaurant is led by a restaurant general manager (“RGM”), together with one or more assistant managers, depending on the operating complexity and sales volume of the restaurant. Most of the employees work on a part-time basis. Each Concept issues detailed manuals, which may then be customized to meet local regulations and customs, covering all aspects of restaurant operations, including food handling and product preparation procedures, food safety and quality, equipment maintenance, facility standards and accounting control procedures. The restaurant management teams are responsible for the day-to-day operation of each unit and for ensuring compliance with operating standards. CHAMPS – which stands for Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product Quality and Speed of Service – is our proprietary core systemwide program for training, measuring and rewarding employee performance against key customer measures. CHAMPS is intended to align the operating processes of our entire system around one set of standards. RGMs’ efforts, including CHAMPS performance measures, are monitored by Area Coaches. Area Coaches typically work with approximately six to twelve restaurants. Various senior operators visit Concept-owned restaurants from time to time to help ensure adherence to system standards and mentor restaurant team members.
Supply and Distribution
The Company’s Concepts, including Concept units operated by its franchisees, are substantial purchasers of a number of food and paper products, equipment and other restaurant supplies. The principal items purchased include chicken, cheese, beef and pork products, paper and packaging materials.
The Company is committed to conducting its business in an ethical, legal and socially responsible manner. All restaurants, regardless of their ownership structure or location, must adhere to strict food quality and safety standards. The guidelines are translated to local market requirements and regulations where appropriate and without compromising the standards. The Company has not experienced any significant continuous shortages of supplies, and alternative sources for most of these products are generally available. Prices paid for these supplies fluctuate. When prices increase, the Concepts may attempt to pass on such increases to their customers, although there is no assurance that this can be done practically.
China Division In China, we work with approximately 500 independent suppliers, mostly China-based, providing a wide range of products. We own most of the distribution system which includes approximately 20 logistics centers.
International Division Throughout YRI we and our franchisees use decentralized sourcing and distribution systems involving many different global, regional, and local suppliers and distributors. In our YRI markets we have approximately 1,500 suppliers, including U.S.-based suppliers that export to many countries.
U.S. Division The Company, along with the representatives of the Company’s KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell franchisee groups, are members in the Unified FoodService Purchasing Co-op, LLC (the “Unified Co-op”) which was created for the purpose of purchasing certain restaurant products and equipment in the U.S. The core mission of the Unified Co-op is to provide the lowest possible sustainable store-delivered prices for restaurant products and equipment. This arrangement combines the purchasing power of the Concept-owned and franchisee restaurants in the U.S. which the Company believes leverages the system’s scale to drive cost savings and effectiveness in the purchasing function. The Company also believes that the Unified Co-op has resulted, and should continue to result, in closer alignment of interests and a stronger relationship with its franchisee community.
Most food products, paper and packaging supplies, and equipment used in restaurant operations are distributed to individual restaurant units by third-party distribution companies. McLane Company, Inc. (“McLane”) is the exclusive distributor for the majority of items used in Concept-owned restaurants and for a substantial number of franchisee and licensee stores. The Company entered into an agreement with McLane effective January 1, 2011 relating to distribution to Concept-owned restaurants. This agreement extends through December 31, 2016 and generally restricts Concept-owned restaurants from using alternative distributors for most products.
Trademarks and Patents
The Company and its Concepts own numerous registered trademarks and service marks. The Company believes that many of these marks, including its Kentucky Fried Chicken®, KFC®, Pizza Hut® and Taco Bell® marks, have significant value and are materially important to its business. The Company’s policy is to pursue registration of its important marks whenever feasible and to oppose vigorously any infringement of its marks.
The use of these marks by franchisees and licensees has been authorized in our franchise and license agreements. Under current law and with proper use, the Company’s rights in its marks can generally last indefinitely. The Company also has certain patents on restaurant equipment which, while valuable, are not material to its business.
Working Capital
Information about the Company’s working capital is included in MD&A in Part II, Item 7, pages 21 through 47 and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in Part II, Item 8, page 51.
Customers
The Company’s business is not dependent upon a single customer or small group of customers.
Seasonal Operations
The Company does not consider its operations to be seasonal to any material degree.
Backlog Orders
Company restaurants have no backlog orders.
Government Contracts
No material portion of the Company’s business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U.S. government.
Competition
The retail food industry, in which our Concepts compete, is made up of supermarkets, supercenters, warehouse stores, convenience stores, coffee shops, snack bars, delicatessens and restaurants (including the QSR segment), and is intensely competitive with respect to food quality, price, service, convenience, location and concept. The industry is often affected by changes in consumer tastes; national, regional or local economic conditions; currency fluctuations; demographic trends; traffic patterns; the type, number
and location of competing food retailers and products; and disposable purchasing power. Each of the Concepts competes with international, national and regional restaurant chains as well as locally-owned restaurants, not only for customers, but also for management and hourly personnel, suitable real estate sites and qualified franchisees. Given the various types and vast number of competitors, our Concepts do not constitute a significant portion of the retail food industry in terms of number of system units or system sales, either on a worldwide or individual country basis.
Research and Development (“R&D”)
The Company’s subsidiaries operate R&D facilities in Shanghai, China (China Division); Dallas, Texas (Pizza Hut U.S. and YRI); Irvine, California (Taco Bell); Louisville, Kentucky (KFC U.S.) and several other locations outside the U.S. The Company expensed $34 million, $33 million and $31 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for R&D activities. From time to time, independent suppliers also conduct research and development activities for the benefit of the YUM system.
Environmental Matters
The Company is not aware of any federal, state or local environmental laws or regulations that will materially affect its earnings or competitive position, or result in material capital expenditures. However, the Company cannot predict the effect on its operations of possible future environmental legislation or regulations. During 2011, there were no material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities and no such material expenditures are anticipated.
Government Regulation
U.S. Division. The Company and its U.S. Division are subject to various federal, state and local laws affecting its business. Each of the Concepts’ restaurants in the U.S. must comply with licensing and regulation by a number of governmental authorities, which include health, sanitation, safety, fire and zoning agencies in the state and/or municipality in which the restaurant is located. In addition, each Concept must comply with various state and federal laws that regulate the franchisor/franchisee relationship. To date, the Company has not been materially adversely affected by such licensing and regulation or by any difficulty, delay or failure to obtain required licenses or approvals.
The Company and each Concept are also subject to federal and state laws governing such matters as immigration, employment and pay practices, overtime, tip credits and working conditions. The bulk of the Concepts’ employees are paid on an hourly basis at rates related to the federal and state minimum wages. The Company has not been materially adversely affected by such laws to date.
The Company and each Concept are also subject to federal and state child labor laws which, among other things, prohibit the use of certain “hazardous equipment” by employees younger than 18 years of age. The Company has not been materially adversely affected by such laws to date.
The Company and each Concept are also subject to laws relating to information security, privacy, cashless payments, and consumer credit, protection and fraud. The Company has not been materially adversely affected by such laws to date.
The Company and each Concept are also subject to laws relating to nutritional content, nutritional labeling, product safety and menu labeling. The Company has not been materially adversely affected by such laws to date.
The Company and each Concept, as applicable, continue to monitor their facilities for compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) in order to conform to its requirements. Under the ADA, the Company or the relevant Concept could be required to expend funds to modify its restaurants to better provide service to, or make reasonable accommodation for the employment of, disabled persons. The Company has not been materially adversely affected by such laws to date.
International and China Divisions. The Company’s restaurants outside the U.S. are subject to national and local laws and regulations which are similar to those affecting U.S. restaurants, including laws and regulations concerning information security, labor, health, sanitation and safety. The restaurants outside the U.S. are also subject to tariffs and regulations on imported commodities and equipment and laws regulating foreign investment. International compliance with environmental requirements has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, capital expenditures or competitive position.
See Item 1A "Risk Factors" on page 8 for a discussion of risks relating to federal, state, local and international regulation of our business.
Employees
As of year end 2011, the Company and its Concepts employed approximately 466,000 persons, approximately 87 percent of whom were part-time. The Company believes that it provides working conditions and compensation that compare favorably with those of its principal competitors. The majority of employees are paid on an hourly basis. Some employees are subject to labor council relationships that vary due to the diverse cultures in which the Company operates. The Company and its Concepts consider their employee relations to be good.
| |
(d) | Financial Information about Geographic Areas |
Financial information about our significant geographic areas (China Division, International Division and U.S.) is incorporated herein by reference from Selected Financial Data in Part II, Item 6, pages 19 and 20; MD&A in Part II, Item 7, pages 21 through 47; and in the related Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, pages 48 through 93.
The Company makes available through the Investor Relations section of its internet website at www.yum.com its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such material with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our Corporate Governance Principles and our Code of Conduct are also located within this section of the website. The reference to the Company’s website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website and should not be considered part of this document. These documents, as well as our SEC filings, are available in print to any shareholder who requests a copy from our Investor Relations Department.
You should carefully review the risks described below as they identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements and historical trends.
Food safety and food-borne illness concerns may have an adverse effect on our business.
Food-borne illnesses, such as E. coli, hepatitis A, trichinosis or salmonella, and food safety issues have occurred in the past, and could occur in the future. Any report or publicity linking us or one of our Concept restaurants, including restaurants operated by our franchisees, to instances of food-borne illness or other food safety issues, including food tampering or contamination, could adversely affect our Concepts’ brands and reputations as well as our revenues and profits. If a customer of our Concepts or franchisees becomes ill from food-borne illnesses, we and our franchisees may temporarily close some restaurants, which would decrease our revenues. In addition, instances of food-borne illness, food tampering or food contamination solely involving our suppliers or distributors or solely at restaurants of competitors could adversely affect our sales as a result of negative publicity about the foodservice industry generally. Such instances of food-borne illness, food tampering and food contamination may not be within our control. The occurrence of food-borne illnesses or food safety issues could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients, which could result in disruptions in our supply chain and/or lower margins for us and our franchisees.
Our China operations subject us to risks that could negatively affect our business.
A significant and growing portion of our restaurants are located in China. As a consequence, our financial results are increasingly dependent on our results in China, and our business is increasingly exposed to risks there. These risks include changes in economic conditions (including consumer spending, unemployment levels and wage and commodity inflation), income and non-income based tax rates and laws and consumer preferences, as well as changes in the regulatory environment and increased competition. In addition, our results of operations in China and the value of our Chinese assets are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect reported earnings. There can be no assurance as to the future effect of any such changes on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
In addition, any significant or prolonged deterioration in U.S.-China relations could adversely affect our China business. Certain risks and uncertainties of doing business in China are solely within the control of the Chinese government, and Chinese law regulates the scope of our foreign investments and business conducted within China. There are also uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of laws and regulations and the enforceability of intellectual property and contract rights in China. If we were unable to enforce our intellectual property or contract rights in China, our business would be adversely impacted.
Our other foreign operations subject us to risks that could negatively affect our business.
A significant portion of our Concepts’ restaurants are operated in foreign countries and territories outside of the U.S. and China, and we intend to continue expansion of our international operations. As a result, our business is increasingly exposed to risks inherent in foreign operations. These risks, which can vary substantially by country, include political instability, corruption, social and ethnic unrest, changes in economic conditions (including consumer spending, unemployment levels and wage and commodity inflation), the regulatory environment, income and non-income based tax rates and laws and consumer preferences as well as changes in the laws and policies that govern foreign investment in countries where our restaurants are operated.
In addition, our results of operations and the value of our foreign assets are affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect reported earnings. More specifically, an increase in the value of the United States Dollar relative to other currencies, such as the Australian Dollar, the British Pound, the Canadian Dollar and the Euro, could have an adverse effect on our reported earnings. There can be no assurance as to the future effect of any such changes on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
We may not attain our target development goals, and aggressive development could cannibalize existing sales.
Our growth strategy depends in large part on our ability to increase our net restaurant count in markets outside the United States, especially China and other emerging markets. The successful development of new units will depend in large part on our ability and the ability of our franchisees to open new restaurants and to operate these restaurants on a profitable basis. We cannot guarantee that we, or our franchisees, will be able to achieve our expansion goals or that new restaurants will be operated profitably. Further, there is no assurance that any new restaurant will produce operating results similar to those of our existing restaurants. Other risks which could impact our ability to increase our net restaurant count include prevailing economic conditions and our, or our franchisees’, ability to obtain suitable restaurant locations, negotiate acceptable lease or purchase terms for the locations, obtain required permits and approvals in a timely manner, hire and train qualified personnel and meet construction schedules.
Our franchisees also frequently depend upon financing from banks and other financial institutions in order to construct and open new restaurants. If it becomes more difficult or expensive for our franchisees to obtain financing to develop new restaurants, our planned growth could slow and our future revenue and operating cash flows could be adversely impacted.
In addition, the new restaurants could impact the sales of our existing restaurants nearby. It is not our intention to open new restaurants that materially cannibalize the sales of our existing restaurants. However, as with most growing retail and restaurant operations, there can be no assurance that sales cannibalization will not occur or become more significant in the future as we increase our presence in existing markets.
Changes in commodity and other operating costs could adversely affect our results of operations.
Any increase in certain commodity prices, such as food, supply and energy costs, could adversely affect our operating results. Because our Concepts and their franchisees provide competitively priced food, our ability to pass along commodity price increases to our customers is limited. Significant increases in gasoline prices could also result in a decrease of customer traffic at our restaurants or the imposition of fuel surcharges by our distributors, each of which could adversely affect our profit margins. Our operating expenses also include employee wages and benefits and insurance costs (including workers’ compensation, general liability, property and health) which may increase over time. Any such increase could adversely affect our profit margins.
Shortages or interruptions in the availability and delivery of food and other supplies may increase costs or reduce revenues.
The products sold by our Concepts and their franchisees are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international suppliers. We are also dependent upon third parties to make frequent deliveries of food products and supplies that meet our specifications at competitive prices. Shortages or interruptions in the supply of food items and other supplies to our restaurants could adversely affect the availability, quality and cost of items we buy and the operations of our restaurants. Such shortages or disruptions could be caused by inclement weather, natural disasters such as floods, drought and hurricanes, increased demand, problems in production or distribution, the inability of our vendors to obtain credit, political instability in the countries in which foreign suppliers and distributors are located, the financial instability of suppliers and distributors, suppliers' or distributors' failure to meet our standards, product quality issues, inflation, other factors relating to the suppliers and distributors and the countries in which they are located, food safety warnings or advisories or the prospect of such pronouncements or other conditions beyond our control. A shortage or interruption in the availability of certain food products or supplies could increase costs and limit the availability of products critical to restaurant operations. In addition, failure by a principal distributor for our Concepts and/or our franchisees to meet its service requirements could lead to a disruption of service or supply until a new distributor is engaged, and any disruption could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our operating results are closely tied to the success of our Concepts’ franchisees.
A significant portion of our revenue consists of royalties from our franchisees. Because a significant and growing portion of our restaurants are run by franchisees, the success of our business is increasingly dependent upon the operational and financial success of our franchisees. While our franchise agreements set forth certain operational standards and guidelines, we have limited control over how our franchisees’ businesses are run, and any significant inability of our franchisees to operate successfully could adversely affect our operating results through decreased royalty payments. For example, franchisees may not have access to the financial or management resources that they need to open or continue operating the restaurants contemplated by their franchise agreements with us.
If our franchisees incur too much debt or if economic or sales trends deteriorate such that they are unable to repay existing debt, it could result in financial distress, including insolvency or bankruptcy. If a significant number of our franchisees become financially distressed, our operating results could be impacted through reduced or delayed royalty payments or increased rent obligations for leased properties on which we are contingently liable.
Our results and financial condition could be affected by the success of our refranchising program.
We are in the process of refranchising restaurants in the U.S., which could reduce the percentage of Company ownership of KFCs, Pizza Huts, and Taco Bells in the U.S. from approximately 13% at the end of 2011 to approximately 8%. Our ability to execute this plan will depend on, among other things, whether we receive fair offers for these restaurants, whether we can find suitable buyers and how quickly we can consummate the sales. In addition, financing for restaurant purchases can be expensive or difficult to obtain. If buyers cannot obtain financing at attractive prices – or if they are unable to obtain financing at any price – our refranchising program could be delayed.
Once executed, the success of the refranchising program will depend on, among other things, buyers effectively operating these restaurants, the impact of contingent liabilities incurred in connection with refranchising, and whether the resulting ownership mix of Company-operated and franchisee-operated restaurants allows us to meet our financial objectives. In addition, refranchising activity could vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year and that volatility could impact our reported earnings.
We could be party to litigation that could adversely affect us by increasing our expenses or subjecting us to significant monetary damages and other remedies.
We are involved in a number of legal proceedings, which include consumer, employment, tort and other litigation. We are currently a defendant in cases containing class action allegations in which the plaintiffs have brought claims under federal and state wage and hour and other laws. Plaintiffs in these types of lawsuits often seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, and the magnitude of the potential loss relating to such lawsuits may not be accurately estimated. Regardless of whether any claims against us are valid, or whether we are ultimately held liable, such litigation may be expensive to defend and may divert resources away from our operations and negatively impact reported earnings. With respect to insured claims, a judgment for monetary damages in excess of any insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. Any adverse publicity resulting from these allegations may also adversely affect our reputation, which in turn could adversely affect our results.
In addition, the restaurant industry has been subject to claims that relate to the nutritional content of food products, as well as claims that the menus and practices of restaurant chains have led to the obesity of some customers. We may also be subject to this type of claim in the future and, even if we are not, publicity about these matters (particularly directed at the quick service and fast-casual segments of the industry) may harm our reputation and adversely affect our results.
Health concerns arising from outbreaks of viruses or other diseases may have an adverse effect on our business.
Asian and European countries have experienced outbreaks of Avian Flu, and some commentators have hypothesized that further outbreaks could occur and reach pandemic levels. Future outbreaks could adversely affect the price and availability of poultry and cause customers to eat less chicken. Widespread outbreaks could also affect our ability to attract and retain employees.
Furthermore, other viruses such as H1N1 or “swine flu” may be transmitted through human contact, and the risk of contracting viruses could cause employees or guests to avoid gathering in public places, which could adversely affect restaurant guest traffic or the ability to adequately staff restaurants. We could also be adversely affected if jurisdictions in which we have restaurants impose mandatory closures, seek voluntary closures or impose restrictions on operations of restaurants. Even if such measures are not implemented and a virus or other disease does not spread significantly, the perceived risk of infection or significant health risk may affect our business.
Our success depends substantially on the value and perception of our brands.
Our success is dependent in large part upon our ability to maintain and enhance the value of our brands and our customers’ connection to our brands. Brand value is based in part on consumer perceptions on a variety of subjective qualities, and even isolated business incidents can erode brand value and consumer trust, particularly if the incidents receive considerable publicity or result in litigation. For example, our brands could be damaged by claims or perceptions about the quality of our products regardless of whether such claims or perceptions are accurate. Consumer demand for our products and our brand value could diminish significantly if any such incidents or other matters erode consumer confidence in us or our products, which would likely result in lower sales and, ultimately, profits.
Our business may be adversely impacted by general economic conditions.
Our results of operations are dependent upon discretionary spending by consumers, which may be affected by general economic conditions globally or in one or more of the markets we serve. Some of the factors that impact discretionary consumer spending include unemployment, disposable income and consumer confidence. These and other macroeconomic factors could have an adverse effect on our sales mix, profitability or development plans, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.
The impact of potentially limited credit availability on third-party vendors such as our suppliers cannot be predicted. The inability of our suppliers to access financing, or the insolvency of suppliers, could lead to disruptions in our supply chain which could adversely impact our sales, cost of sales and financial condition.
Changes in governmental regulations may adversely affect our business operations.
Our Concepts and their franchisees are subject to numerous laws and regulations around the world. Our restaurants are subject to state and local licensing and regulation by health, sanitation, food, workplace safety, fire and other agencies. In addition, we face risks arising from compliance with and enforcement of increasingly complex federal and state immigration laws and regulations in the U.S.
We are also subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act in the U.S. and similar state laws that give civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities in the context of employment, public accommodations and other areas. The expenses associated with any facilities modifications required by these laws could be material. Our operations in the U.S. are also subject to the U.S. Fair Labor Standards Act, which governs such matters as minimum wages, overtime and other working conditions, family leave mandates and a variety of similar state laws that govern these and other employment law matters. The compliance costs associated with these laws and evolving regulations could be substantial, and any failure or alleged failure to comply with these laws could lead to litigation, which could increase our expenses and adversely affect our financial condition.
We also face risks from new or changing laws and regulations relating to nutritional content, nutritional labeling, product safety and menu labeling. Compliance with these laws and regulations can be costly and can increase our exposure to litigation or governmental investigations or proceedings. New or changing laws and regulations relating to union organizing rights and activities may impact our operations at the restaurant level and increase our cost of labor. In addition, we are subject to laws relating to information security, privacy, cashless payments and consumer credit, protection and fraud, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with those laws could harm our reputation or lead to litigation, which could adversely affect our financial condition.
We are also subject to increasing environmental regulations, which could result in increased taxation or future restrictions on or increases in costs associated with food and other restaurant supplies, transportation and utilities, any of which could decrease our operating profits and/or necessitate future investments in our restaurant facilities and equipment to achieve compliance.
The impact of current laws and regulations, the effect of future changes in laws or regulations that impose additional requirements and the consequences of litigation relating to current or future laws and regulations, or our inability to respond effectively to significant regulatory or public policy issues, could increase our compliance and other costs of doing business and therefore have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Failure to comply with the laws and regulatory requirements of federal, state and local authorities could result in, among other things, revocation of required licenses, administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. Compliance with these laws and regulations could be costly and could increase our exposure to litigation or governmental investigations or proceedings.
Tax matters, including changes in tax rates, disagreements with taxing authorities and imposition of new taxes could impact the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
A significant percentage of our profits are earned outside the U.S. and taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory rates. Historically, the cash we generate outside the U.S. has principally been used to fund our international development. However, if the cash generated by our U.S. business is not sufficient to meet the Company's need for cash in the U.S., we may need to repatriate a greater portion of our international earnings to the U.S. in the future. Such international earnings would be subject to U.S. tax at the point in time we did not believe they were permanently invested outside the U.S. This could cause our worldwide effective tax rate to increase materially.
We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property, withholding and franchise taxes in both the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. We are also subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the Internal Revenue Service and other taxing authorities with respect to such income and non-income based taxes inside and outside of the U.S. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, if the IRS or other taxing authority disagrees with the positions we have taken, we could face additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. There can be no assurance that payment of such additional amounts upon final adjudication of any disputes will not have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.
We are directly and indirectly affected by new tax legislation and regulation and the interpretation of tax laws and regulations worldwide. Such changes could increase our taxes and have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
Failure to protect the integrity and security of individually identifiable data of our customers and employees could expose us to litigation and damage our reputation.
We receive and maintain certain personal information about our customers and employees. The use of this information by us is regulated by applicable law, as well as by certain third-party contracts. If our security and information systems are compromised or our business associates fail to comply with these laws and regulations and this information is obtained by unauthorized persons or used inappropriately, it could adversely affect our reputation, as well as our restaurant operations and results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we could be subject to litigation or the imposition of penalties. As privacy and information security laws and regulations change, we may incur additional costs to ensure we remain in compliance.
The retail food industry in which we operate is highly competitive.
The retail food industry in which we operate is highly competitive with respect to price and quality of food products, new product development, price, advertising levels and promotional initiatives, customer service, reputation, restaurant location, and attractiveness and maintenance of properties. If consumer or dietary preferences change, or our restaurants are unable to compete successfully with other retail food outlets in new and existing markets, our business could be adversely affected. We also face growing competition as a result of convergence in grocery, deli and restaurant services, including the offering by the grocery industry of convenient meals, including pizzas and entrees with side dishes. In addition, in the retail food industry, labor is a primary operating cost component. Competition for qualified employees could also require us to pay higher wages to attract a sufficient number of employees, which could adversely impact our profit margins.
|
| |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
The Company has received no written comments regarding its periodic or current reports from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that were issued 180 days or more preceding the end of its 2011 fiscal year and that remain unresolved.
As of year end 2011, the Company’s Concepts owned more than 1,200 units and leased land, building or both for nearly 6,200 units worldwide. These units are further detailed as follows:
| |
• | The China Division leased land, building or both in more than 3,700 units. |
| |
• | The International Division owned approximately 400 units and leased land, building or both in nearly 1,200 units. |
| |
• | The U.S. Division owned more than 800 units and leased land, building or both in nearly 1,300 units. |
Company restaurants in China are generally leased for initial terms of 10 to 15 years and generally do not have renewal options. Historically, the Company has either been able to renew its China Division leases or enter into competitive leases at replacement sites without a significant impact on our operations, cash flows or capital resources. Company restaurants in the International Division with leases have initial lease terms and renewal options that vary by country. Company restaurants in the U.S. with leases are generally leased for initial terms of 15 or 20 years and generally have renewal options; however, Pizza Hut delivery/carryout units in the U.S. generally are leased for significantly shorter initial terms with shorter renewal options. The Company currently has approximately 800 units worldwide that it leases or subleases to franchisees, principally in the U.S., U.K. and Mexico.
The China Division leases their corporate headquarters and research facilities in Shanghai, China. The Pizza Hut U.S. and YRI corporate headquarters and a research facility in Dallas, Texas are owned by Pizza Hut. Taco Bell leases its corporate headquarters and research facility in Irvine, California. The KFC U.S. and YUM corporate headquarters and a research facility in Louisville, Kentucky are owned by the Company. In addition, YUM leases office facilities for the U.S. Division shared service center in Louisville, Kentucky. Additional information about the Company’s properties is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, pages 48 through 93.
The Company believes that its properties are generally in good operating condition and are suitable for the purposes for which they are being used.
|
| |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies related to lawsuits, real estate, environmental and other matters arising in the normal course of business. The Company believes that the ultimate liability, if any, in excess of amounts already provided for these matters in the Consolidated Financial Statements, is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s annual results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. The following is a brief description of the more significant of the categories of lawsuits and other matters we face from time to time. Descriptions of specific claims and contingencies appear in Note 19, Contingencies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8.
Franchisees
A substantial number of the restaurants of each of the Concepts are franchised to independent businesses operating under arrangements with the Concepts. In the course of the franchise relationship, occasional disputes arise between the Company and its Concepts’ franchisees relating to a broad range of subjects, including, without limitation, marketing, operational standards, quality, service, and cleanliness issues, grants, transfers or terminations of franchise rights, territorial disputes and delinquent payments.
Suppliers
The Company purchases food, paper, equipment and other restaurant supplies from numerous independent suppliers throughout the world. These suppliers are required to meet and maintain compliance with the Company’s standards and specifications. On occasion, disputes arise between the Company and its suppliers on a number of issues, including, but not limited to, compliance with product specifications and terms of procurement and service requirements.
Employees
At any given time, the Company or its Concepts employ hundreds of thousands of persons, primarily in its restaurants. In addition, each year thousands of persons seek employment with the Company and its restaurants. From time to time, disputes arise regarding employee hiring, compensation, termination and promotion practices.
Like other retail employers, the Company has been faced in a few states with allegations of class-wide wage and hour, employee classification and other labor law violations.
Customers
The Company’s restaurants serve a large and diverse cross-section of the public and in the course of serving so many people, disputes arise regarding products, service, accidents and other matters typical of large restaurant systems such as those of the Company.
Intellectual Property
The Company has registered trademarks and service marks, many of which are of material importance to the Company’s business. From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation to defend and protect its use and ownership of its registered marks.
|
| |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. |
Not applicable
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The executive officers of the Company as of February 20, 2012, and their ages and current positions as of that date are as follows:
David C. Novak, 59, is Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of YUM. He has served in this position since January 2001.
Jing-Shyh S. Su, 59, is Vice-Chairman of the Board of YUM and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of YUM Restaurants China. He has served in this position since May 2010. He has served as Vice-Chairman of the Board of YUM since March 2008, and he served as President of YUM Restaurants China from 1997 to May 2010.
Scott O. Bergren, 65, is Chief Executive Officer of Pizza Hut U.S. and YUM Chief Innovation Officer. He has served in this position since February 2011. Prior to this position, Mr. Bergren served as President and Chief Concept Officer of Pizza Hut, a position he held beginning in November 2006. Mr. Bergren served as Chief Marketing Officer of KFC and YUM from August 2003 to November 2006.
Jonathan D. Blum, 53, is Senior Vice President and Chief Public Affairs Officer of YUM. He has served in this position since July 1997.
Anne P. Byerlein, 53, is Chief People Officer of YUM. She has served in this position since December 2002.
Christian L. Campbell, 61, is Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Chief Franchise Policy Officer of YUM. He has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since September 1997 and Chief Franchise Policy Officer since January 2003.
Richard T. Carucci, 54, is Chief Financial Officer of YUM. He has served in this position since March 2005. From October 2004 to February 2005, he served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer - Designate of YUM.
Greg Creed, 54, is Chief Executive Officer of Taco Bell. He has served in this position since February 2011. Prior to this position, Mr. Creed served as President and Chief Concept Officer of Taco Bell, a position he held beginning in December 2006. Mr. Creed served as Chief Operating Officer of YUM from December 2005 to November 2006.
Roger Eaton, 51, is YUM Chief Operations Officer. He has served in this position since November 2011. Prior to this position, Mr. Eaton served as Chief Executive Officer of KFC U.S. and YUM Operational Excellence Officer from February 2011 to November 2011. He was President and Chief Concept Officer of KFC from June 2008 to February 2011. Mr. Eaton served as Chief Operating and Development Officer of YUM from April 2008 to June 2008 and as Chief Operating and Development Officer - Designate from January 2008 until April 2008. From 2000 until January 2008, he was Senior Vice President/Managing Director of YUM Restaurants International South Pacific.
Muktesh Pant, 57, is Chief Executive Officer of YRI. He has served in this position since December 2011. Prior to this position he served as President of YRI from May 2010 to December 2011 and as President of Global Brand Building for YUM from February 2009 to December 2011. He served as the Chief Marketing Officer of YRI from July 2005 to May 2010. Mr. Pant was the Global Chief Concept Officer-YUM and President of Taco Bell International from February 2008 to January 2009. From December 2006 to January 2008 he was the Chief Concept Officer of Taco Bell International.
David E. Russell, 42, is Vice President and Corporate Controller of YUM. He has served in this position since February 2011. From November 2010 to February 2011, Mr. Russell served as Vice President, Controller-Designate. From January 2008 to November 2010, he served as Vice President and Assistant Controller and from 2005 to 2008 he served as Senior Director, Finance.
Executive officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
PART II
|
| |
Item 5. | Market for the Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
The Company’s Common Stock trades under the symbol YUM and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). The following sets forth the high and low NYSE composite closing sale prices by quarter for the Company’s Common Stock and dividends per common share.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2011 |
Quarter | | High | | Low | | Dividends Declared | | Dividends Paid |
First | | $ | 52.85 |
| | $ | 46.40 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 0.25 |
|
Second | | 56.69 |
| | 49.42 |
| | 0.50 |
| | 0.25 |
|
Third | | 56.75 |
| | 47.82 |
| | — |
| | 0.25 |
|
Fourth | | 59.58 |
| | 48.12 |
| | 0.57 |
| | 0.285 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
2010 |
Quarter | | High | | Low | | Dividends Declared | | Dividends Paid |
First | | $ | 38.64 |
| | $ | 32.72 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
| | $ | 0.21 |
|
Second | | 43.94 |
| | 37.92 |
| | 0.21 |
| | 0.21 |
|
Third | | 44.35 |
| | 38.53 |
| | — |
| | 0.21 |
|
Fourth | | 51.90 |
| | 43.85 |
| | 0.50 |
| | 0.25 |
|
In 2011, the Company declared two cash dividends of $0.25 per share and two cash dividends of $0.285 per share of Common Stock, one of which had a distribution date of February 3, 2012. In 2010, the Company declared two cash dividends of $0.21 per share and two cash dividends of $0.25 per share of Common Stock, one of which was paid in 2011. The Company is targeting an annual dividend payout ratio of 35% to 40% of net income.
As of February 14, 2012, there were 67,435 registered holders of record of the Company’s Common Stock.
The Company had no sales of unregistered securities during 2011, 2010 or 2009.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2011 with respect to shares of Common Stock repurchased by the Company during the quarter then ended:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fiscal Periods | | Total number of shares purchased(thousands) | | Average price paid per share | | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (thousands) | | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (millions) |
Period 10 | | 647 | | $ | 50.80 |
| | 647 | | $ | 343 |
|
9/4/11 – 10/1/11 | | | | | | | | |
Period 11 | | 1,794 | | $ | 49.73 |
| | 1,794 | | $ | 253 |
|
10/2/11 – 10/29/11 | | | | | | | | |
Period 12 | | 753 | | $ | 53.75 |
| | 753 | | $ | 963 |
|
10/30/11 – 11/26/11 | | | | | | | | |
Period 13 | | 435 | | $ | 56.93 |
| | 435 | | $ | 938 |
|
11/27/11 – 12/31/11 | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 3,629 | | $ | 51.62 |
| | 3,629 | | $ | 938 |
|
On January 27, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized share repurchases through July 2012, of up to $750 million (excluding applicable transaction fees) of our outstanding Common Stock. On November 18, 2011, our Board of Directors authorized additional share repurchases through May 2013 of up to $750 million (excluding applicable transaction fees) of our outstanding Common Stock. For the quarter ended December 31, 2011, all share repurchases were made pursuant to the January 2011 authorization.
Stock Performance Graph
This graph compares the cumulative total return of our Common Stock to the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Stock Index and the S&P 500 Consumer Discretionary Sector, a peer group that includes YUM, for the period from December 29, 2006 to December 30, 2011, the last trading day of our 2011 fiscal year. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our Common Stock and each index was $100 at December 29, 2006 and that all dividends were reinvested.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 12/29/2006 | | 12/28/2007 | | 12/26/2008 | | 12/24/2009 | | 12/23/2010 | | 12/30/2011 |
YUM! | | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 133 |
| | $ | 107 |
| | $ | 128 |
| | $ | 183 |
| | $ | 222 |
|
S&P 500 | | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 106 |
| | $ | 64 |
| | $ | 85 |
| | $ | 97 |
| | $ | 99 |
|
S&P Consumer Discretionary | | $ | 100 |
| | $ | 87 |
| | $ | 56 |
| | $ | 83 |
| | $ | 105 |
| | $ | 111 |
|
|
| |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data. |
Selected Financial Data
YUM! Brands, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(in millions, except per share and unit amounts)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Fiscal Year |
| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2007 |
Summary of Operations | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | |
Company sales | | $ | 10,893 |
| | $ | 9,783 |
| | $ | 9,413 |
| | $ | 9,843 |
| | $ | 9,100 |
|
Franchise and license fees and income | | 1,733 |
| | 1,560 |
| | 1,423 |
| | 1,461 |
| | 1,335 |
|
Total | | 12,626 |
| | 11,343 |
| | 10,836 |
| | 11,304 |
| | 10,435 |
|
Closures and impairment income (expenses)(a) | | (135 | ) | | (47 | ) | | (103 | ) | | (43 | ) | | (35 | ) |
Refranchising gain (loss)(a) | | (72 | ) | | (63 | ) | | 26 |
| | 5 |
| | 11 |
|
Operating Profit(b) | | 1,815 |
| | 1,769 |
| | 1,590 |
| | 1,517 |
| | 1,357 |
|
Interest expense, net | | 156 |
| | 175 |
| | 194 |
| | 226 |
| | 166 |
|
Income before income taxes | | 1,659 |
| | 1,594 |
| | 1,396 |
| | 1,291 |
| | 1,191 |
|
Net Income – including noncontrolling interest | | 1,335 |
| | 1,178 |
| | 1,083 |
| | 972 |
| | 909 |
|
Net Income – YUM! Brands, Inc. | | 1,319 |
| | 1,158 |
| | 1,071 |
| | 964 |
| | 909 |
|
Basic earnings per common share | | 2.81 |
| | 2.44 |
| | 2.28 |
| | 2.03 |
| | 1.74 |
|
Diluted earnings per common share | | 2.74 |
| | 2.38 |
| | 2.22 |
| | 1.96 |
| | 1.68 |
|
Diluted earnings per common share before Special Items(c) | | 2.87 |
| | 2.53 |
| | 2.17 |
| | 1.91 |
| | 1.68 |
|
Cash Flow Data | | | | | | | | | | |
Provided by operating activities | | $ | 2,170 |
| | $ | 1,968 |
| | $ | 1,404 |
| | $ | 1,521 |
| | $ | 1,551 |
|
Capital spending, excluding acquisitions and investments | | 940 |
| | 796 |
| | 797 |
| | 935 |
| | 726 |
|
Proceeds from refranchising of restaurants | | 246 |
| | 265 |
| | 194 |
| | 266 |
| | 117 |
|
Repurchase shares of Common Stock | | 752 |
| | 371 |
| | — |
| | 1,628 |
| | 1,410 |
|
Dividends paid on Common Stock | | 481 |
| | 412 |
| | 362 |
| | 322 |
| | 273 |
|
Balance Sheet | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 8,834 |
| | $ | 8,316 |
| | $ | 7,148 |
| | $ | 6,527 |
| | $ | 7,188 |
|
Long-term debt | | 2,997 |
| | 2,915 |
| | 3,207 |
| | 3,564 |
| | 2,924 |
|
Total debt | | 3,317 |
| | 3,588 |
| | 3,266 |
| | 3,589 |
| | 3,212 |
|
Other Data | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of stores at year end | | | | | | | | | | |
Company | | 7,437 |
| | 7,271 |
| | 7,666 |
| | 7,568 |
| | 7,625 |
|
Unconsolidated Affiliates | | 587 |
| | 525 |
| | 469 |
| | 645 |
| | 1,314 |
|
Franchisees(d) | | 26,928 |
| | 27,852 |
| | 26,745 |
| | 25,911 |
| | 24,297 |
|
Licensees | | 2,169 |
| | 2,187 |
| | 2,200 |
| | 2,168 |
| | 2,109 |
|
System(d) | | 37,121 |
| | 37,835 |
| | 37,080 |
| | 36,292 |
| | 35,345 |
|
China Division system sales growth(e) | | | | | | | | | | |
Reported | | 35 | % | | 18 | % | | 11 | % | | 33 | % | | 34 | % |
Local currency(f) | | 29 | % | | 17 | % | | 10 | % | | 22 | % | | 28 | % |
YRI system sales growth(e) | | | | | | | | | | |
Reported | | 13 | % | | 10 | % | | (4 | )% | | 10 | % | | 15 | % |
Local currency(f) | | 8 | % | | 4 | % | | 5 | % | | 8 | % | | 10 | % |
U.S. same store sales growth(e) | | (1 | )% | | 1 | % | | (5 | )% | | 2 | % | | — | % |
Shares outstanding at year end | | 460 |
| | 469 |
| | 469 |
| | 459 |
| | 499 |
|
Cash dividends declared per Common Stock | | $ | 1.07 |
| | $ | 0.92 |
| | $ | 0.80 |
| | $ | 0.72 |
| | $ | 0.45 |
|
Market price per share at year end | | $ | 59.01 |
| | $ | 49.66 |
| | $ | 35.38 |
| | $ | 30.28 |
| | $ | 38.54 |
|
Fiscal year 2011 includes 53 weeks and fiscal years 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007 include 52 weeks. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") for discussion of the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal year 2011.
The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements.
| |
(a) | See Note 4 for discussion of Refranchising and Store Closure and Impairment Activity. |
| |
(b) | Fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009 include the impact of Special Items described in further detail within our MD&A. Fiscal year 2009 also included a non-cash charge of $12 million to write-off goodwill related to our Pizza Hut Korea business. Fiscal year 2008 also included a pre-tax gain of $100 million related to the sale of our interest in our unconsolidated affiliate in Japan. |
| |
(c) | In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) throughout this document, the Company has provided non-GAAP measurements which present operating results on a basis before Special Items. The Company uses earnings before Special Items as a key performance measure of results of operations for the purpose of evaluating performance internally. This non-GAAP measurement is not intended to replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. Rather, the Company believes that the presentation of earnings before Special Items provides additional information to investors to facilitate the comparison of past and present operations, excluding items that the Company does not believe are indicative of our ongoing operations due to their size and/or nature. The 2011, 2010 and 2009 Special Items are discussed in further detail within the MD&A. |
| |
(d) | Franchisee and System units at 2011 reflect the LJS and A&W divestitures. See Restaurant Unit Activity within our MD&A for further detail. |
| |
(e) | System sales growth includes the results of all restaurants regardless of ownership, including Company-owned, franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurants. Sales of franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurants generate franchise and license fees for the Company (typically at a rate of 4% to 6% of sales). Franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurant sales are not included in Company sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income; however, the franchise and license fees are included in the Company’s revenues. We believe system sales growth is useful to investors as a significant indicator of the overall strength of our business as it incorporates all our revenue drivers, Company and franchise same-store sales as well as net unit development. Same-store sales growth includes the estimated growth in sales of all restaurants that have been open one year or more. |
| |
(f) | Local currency represents the percentage change excluding the impact of foreign currency translation. These amounts are derived by translating current year results at prior year average exchange rates. We believe the elimination of the foreign currency translation impact provides better year-to-year comparability without the distortion of foreign currency fluctuations. |
|
| |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
Introduction and Overview
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”), should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 48 through 93 (“Financial Statements”) and the Forward-Looking Statements on page 2 and the Risk Factors set forth in Item 1A. Throughout the MD&A, YUM! Brands, Inc. (“YUM” or the “Company”) makes reference to certain performance measures as described below.
| |
• | The Company provides the percentage changes excluding the impact of foreign currency translation (“FX” or “Forex”). These amounts are derived by translating current year results at prior year average exchange rates. We believe the elimination of the foreign currency translation impact provides better year-to-year comparability without the distortion of foreign currency fluctuations. |
| |
• | System sales growth includes the results of all restaurants regardless of ownership, including Company-owned, franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurants. Sales of franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurants generate franchise and license fees for the Company (typically at a rate of 4% to 6% of sales). Franchise, unconsolidated affiliate and license restaurant sales are not included in Company sales on the Consolidated Statements of Income; however, the franchise and license fees are included in the Company’s revenues. We believe system sales growth is useful to investors as a significant indicator of the overall strength of our business as it incorporates all of our revenue drivers, Company and franchise same-store sales as well as net unit development. |
| |
• | Same-store sales is the estimated growth in sales of all restaurants that have been open one year or more. |
| |
• | Company restaurant profit is defined as Company sales less expenses incurred directly by our Company restaurants in generating Company sales. Company restaurant margin as a percentage of sales is defined as Company restaurant profit divided by Company sales. |
| |
• | Operating margin is defined as Operating Profit divided by Total revenue. |
All Note references herein refer to the Notes to the Financial Statements on pages 54 through 93. Tabular amounts are displayed in millions of U.S. dollars except per share and unit count amounts, or as otherwise specifically identified.
Description of Business
YUM is the world’s largest restaurant company in terms of system restaurants with approximately 37,000 restaurants in more than 120 countries and territories operating under the KFC, Pizza Hut or Taco Bell brands. In December of 2011 we sold our Long John Silver's ("LJS") and A&W All American Food Restaurants ("A&W") brands to key franchise leaders and strategic investors in separate transactions. The results for these businesses through the sale dates are included in the Company's results for 2011, 2010 and 2009. The Company’s restaurant brands – KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell – are the global leaders in the chicken, pizza and Mexican-style food categories, respectively. Of the approximately 37,000 restaurants, 20% are operated by the Company, 74% are operated by franchisees and unconsolidated affiliates and 6% are operated by licensees.
YUM’s business consists of three reporting segments: China Division ("China"), YUM Restaurants International (“YRI” or “International Division”) and the United States. The China Division includes only mainland China, and YRI includes the remainder of our international operations. The China Division, YRI and Taco Bell U.S. now represent approximately 90% of the Company’s operating profits, excluding Corporate and unallocated income and expenses.
Strategies
The Company continues to focus on four key strategies:
Build Leading Brands in China in Every Significant Category – The Company has developed the KFC and Pizza Hut brands into the leading quick service and casual dining restaurants, respectively, in mainland China. Additionally, the Company owns and operates the distribution system for its restaurants in China which we believe provides a significant competitive advantage. Given this strong competitive position, a growing economy and a population of 1.3 billion in mainland China, the Company is rapidly adding KFC and Pizza Hut Casual Dining restaurants and testing the additional restaurant concepts of Pizza Hut Home Service (pizza delivery) and East Dawning (Chinese food). Additionally, on February 1, 2012 we acquired an additional 66% interest in
Little Sheep Group Ltd. ("Little Sheep"), a leading casual dining concept in China. This acquisition brought our total ownership to approximately 93% of the business. Our ongoing earnings growth model in China includes double-digit percentage unit growth, system sales growth of at least 13%, same-store sales growth of at least 5% and moderate leverage of our General and Administrative (“G&A”) infrastructure, which we expect to drive Operating Profit growth of 15%.
Drive Aggressive International Expansion and Build Strong Brands Everywhere – The Company and its franchisees opened over 900 new restaurants in 2011 in the Company’s International Division, representing 12 straight years of opening over 700 restaurants, making YRI one of the leading international retail developers in terms of units opened. The Company expects to continue to experience strong growth by building out existing markets and growing in new markets including France, Germany, Russia and across Africa. The International Division’s Operating Profit has experienced a 9-year compound annual growth rate of 12%. Our ongoing earnings growth model for YRI includes Operating Profit growth of 10% driven by 3-4% unit growth, system sales growth of 6%, at least 2-3% same-store sales growth, margin improvement and leverage of our G&A infrastructure.
Dramatically Improve U.S. Brand Positions, Consistency and Returns – The Company continues to focus on improving its U.S. position through differentiated products and marketing and an improved customer experience. The Company also strives to provide industry-leading new product innovation which adds sales layers and expands day parts. We continue to evaluate our returns and ownership positions with an earn-the-right-to-own philosophy on Company-owned restaurants. Our ongoing earnings growth model calls for Operating Profit growth of 5% in the U.S.
Drive Industry-Leading, Long-Term Shareholder and Franchisee Value – The Company is focused on delivering high returns and returning substantial cash flows to its shareholders via dividends and share repurchases. The Company has one of the highest returns on invested capital in the Quick Service Restaurants (“QSR”) industry. The Company’s dividend and share repurchase programs have returned over $2.1 billion and $6.7 billion to shareholders, respectively, since 2004. The Company is targeting an annual dividend payout ratio of 35% to 40% of net income and has increased the quarterly dividend at a double-digit rate each year since inception in 2004. Shares are repurchased opportunistically as part of our regular capital structure decisions.
The ongoing earnings growth rates referenced above represent our average annual expectations for the next several years. Details of our 2012 Guidance by division as presented on December 7, 2011 can be found online at http://www.yum.com.
2011 Highlights
|
| |
● | Worldwide system sales grew 7% prior to foreign currency translation, including 29% in China and 8% at YRI. System sales in the U.S. were flat. |
| |
● | Same-store sales grew 19% in China, 3% at YRI and declined 1% in the U.S. |
| |
● | Record International development with 1,561 new restaurants including 656 in China and 905 at YRI. |
| |
● | Worldwide operating profit grew 8%, including a positive impact from foreign currency translation of $77 million. Prior to foreign currency translation, operating profit grew 4%, including 15% in China and 9% at YRI, offsetting a 12% decline in the U.S. |
| |
● | Worldwide restaurant margin declined 0.9 points to 16.0%. |
| |
● | Increased annual dividend rate to $1.14 per share and repurchased 14.3 million shares totaling $733 million at an average price of $51. |
| |
● | Increased return on invested capital to over 22% |
All preceding comparisons are versus the same period a year ago and exclude the impact of Special Items. See the Significant Known Events, Trends or Uncertainties Impacting or Expected to Impact Comparisons of Reported or Future Results section of this MD&A for a description of Special Items.
Results of Operations
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amount | | % B/(W) |
| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Company sales | | $ | 10,893 |
| | $ | 9,783 |
| | $ | 9,413 |
| | 11 |
| | | | 4 |
| | |
Franchise and license fees and income | | 1,733 |
| | 1,560 |
| | 1,423 |
| | 11 |
| | | | 10 |
| | |
Total revenues | | $ | 12,626 |
| | $ | 11,343 |
| | $ | 10,836 |
| | 11 |
| | | | 5 |
| | |
Company restaurant profit | | $ | 1,753 |
| | $ | 1,663 |
| | $ | 1,479 |
| | 6 |
| | | | 12 |
| | |
% of Company sales | | 16.1% | | 17.0 | % | | 15.7 | % | | (0.9 | ) | | ppts. | | 1.3 |
| | ppts. |
Operating Profit | | $ | 1,815 |
| | $ | 1,769 |
| | $ | 1,590 |
| | 3 |
| | | | 11 |
| | |
Interest expense, net | | 156 |
| | 175 |
| | 194 |
| | 11 |
| | | | 9 |
| | |
Income tax provision | | 324 |
| | 416 |
| | 313 |
| | 22 |
| | | | (33 | ) | | |
Net Income – including noncontrolling interest | | 1,335 |
| | 1,178 |
| | 1,083 |
| | 13 |
| | | | 9 |
| | |
Net Income – noncontrolling interest | | 16 |
| | 20 |
| | 12 |
| | 18 |
| | | | (60 | ) | | |
Net Income – YUM! Brands, Inc. | | $ | 1,319 |
| | $ | 1,158 |
| | $ | 1,071 |
| | 14 |
| | | | 8 |
| | |
Diluted EPS(a) | | $ | 2.74 |
| | $ | 2.38 |
| | $ | 2.22 |
| | 15 |
| | | | 7 |
| | |
Diluted EPS before Special Items(a) | | $ | 2.87 |
| | $ | 2.53 |
| | $ | 2.17 |
| | 14 |
| | | | 17 |
| | |
Reported Effective tax rate | | 19.5% | | 26.1 | % | | 22.4 | % | | | | | | | | |
Effective tax rate before Special Items | | 24.2% | | 25.3 | % | | 23.1 | % | | | | | | | | |
| |
(a) | See Note 3 for the number of shares used in these calculations. |
Significant Known Events, Trends or Uncertainties Impacting or Expected to Impact Comparisons of Reported or Future Results
Special Items
In addition to the results provided in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) above and throughout this document, the Company has provided non-GAAP measurements which present operating results in 2011, 2010 and 2009 on a basis before Special Items. Included in Special Items are the impact of measures we took to transform our U.S. business (“the U.S. business transformation measures”) including: U.S. refranchising gains (losses), the depreciation reduction arising from the impairment of KFC restaurants we offered to sell in 2010 that remained Company restaurants for some or all of the periods presented, charges relating to U.S. G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources, investments in our U.S. Brands and a 2009 U.S. Goodwill impairment charge. Special Items also include losses and other costs related to the LJS and A&W divestitures, the losses associated with refranchising equity markets outside the U.S., the depreciation reduction from the impairment of Pizza Hut UK restaurants upon our decision to refranchise these restaurants in 2011 and the 2009 gain upon our acquisition of additional ownership in, and consolidation of, the operating entity that owns the KFCs in Shanghai, China. These amounts are further described below.
The Company uses earnings before Special Items as a key performance measure of results of operations for the purpose of evaluating performance internally, and Special Items are not included in our China, YRI or U.S. segment results. This non-GAAP measurement is not intended to replace the presentation of our financial results in accordance with GAAP. Rather, the Company believes that the presentation of earnings before Special Items provides additional information to investors to facilitate the comparison of past and present operations, excluding items in 2011, 2010 and 2009 that the Company does not believe are indicative of our ongoing operations due to their size and/or nature.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year |
| | 12/31/2011 | | 12/25/2010 | | 12/26/2009 |
Detail of Special Items | | | | | | |
U.S. Refranchising gain (loss) | | $ | (17 | ) | | $ | (18 | ) | | $ | 34 |
|
Depreciation reduction from KFC U.S. restaurants impaired upon offer to sell | | 10 |
| | 9 |
| | — |
|
Charges relating to U.S. G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources | | (21 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (16 | ) |
Investments in our U.S. Brands | | — |
| | — |
| | (32 | ) |
LJS and A&W Goodwill impairment charge | | — |
| | — |
| | (26 | ) |
Losses and other costs relating to the LJS and A&W divestitures | | (86 | ) | | — |
| | — |
|
Losses associated with refranchising equity markets outside the U.S. | | (76 | ) | | (59 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Depreciation reduction from Pizza UK restaurants impaired upon decision to sell | | 3 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Gain upon consolidation of a former unconsolidated affiliate in China | | — |
| | — |
| | 68 |
|
Special Items Income (Expense) | | (187 | ) | | (77 | ) | | 18 |
|
Tax Benefit (Expense) on Special Items(a) | | 123 |
| | 7 |
| | 5 |
|
Special Items Income (Expense), net of tax | | $ | (64 | ) | | $ | (70 | ) | | $ | 23 |
|
Average diluted shares outstanding | | 481 |
| | 486 |
| | 483 |
|
Special Items diluted EPS | | $ | (0.13 | ) | | $ | (0.15 | ) | | $ | 0.05 |
|
Reconciliation of Operating Profit Before Special Items to Reported Operating Profit | | | | | | |
Operating Profit before Special Items | | $ | 2,002 |
| | $ | 1,846 |
| | $ | 1,572 |
|
Special Items Income (Expense) | | (187 | ) | | (77 | ) | | 18 |
|
Reported Operating Profit | | $ | 1,815 |
| | $ | 1,769 |
| | $ | 1,590 |
|
Reconciliation of EPS Before Special Items to Reported EPS | | | | | | |
Diluted EPS before Special Items | | $ | 2.87 |
| | $ | 2.53 |
| | $ | 2.17 |
|
Special Items EPS | | (0.13 | ) | | (0.15 | ) | | 0.05 |
|
Reported EPS | | $ | 2.74 |
| | $ | 2.38 |
| | $ | 2.22 |
|
Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate Before Special Items to Reported Effective Tax Rate | | | | | | |
Effective Tax Rate before Special Items | | 24.2 | % | | 25.3 | % | | 23.1 | % |
Impact on Tax Rate as a result of Special Items(a) | | (4.7 | )% | | 0.8 | % | | (0.7 | )% |
Reported Effective Tax Rate | | 19.5 | % | | 26.1 | % | | 22.4 | % |
| |
(a) | The tax benefit (expense) was determined based upon the impact of the nature, as well as the jurisdiction of the respective individual components within Special Items. |
U.S. Business Transformation
The U.S. business transformation measures in 2011, 2010 and 2009 included: continuation of our U.S. refranchising; G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources (primarily severance and early retirement costs); a reduced emphasis on multi-branding as a long-term growth strategy; and investments in our U.S. Brands made on behalf of our franchisees such as equipment purchases.
In the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, we recorded pre-tax losses of $17 million and $18 million from refranchising in the U.S., respectively. In the year ended December 26, 2009, we recorded a pre-tax refranchising gain of $34 million in the U.S. The losses recorded in the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010 are primarily the net result of gains from restaurants sold and non-cash impairment charges related to our offers to refranchise restaurants in the U.S., principally a substantial portion of our Company-operated KFC restaurants. The non-cash impairment charges that we recorded related to our offers to refranchise these Company-operated KFC restaurants in the U.S. decreased depreciation expense versus what we would have otherwise recorded by $10 million and $9 million in the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, respectively. This depreciation reduction was recorded as a Special Item, resulting in depreciation expense in the U.S. segment
results continuing to be recorded at the rate at which it was prior to the impairment charges being recorded for these restaurants. Refranchising gains and losses are more fully discussed in Note 4 and the Store Portfolio Strategy Section of the MD&A.
In connection with our G&A productivity initiatives and realignment of resources (primarily severance and early retirement costs), we recorded pre-tax charges of $21 million, $9 million and $16 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009, respectively.
As a result of a decline in future profit expectations for our LJS and A&W U.S. businesses due in part to the impact of a reduced emphasis on multi-branding, we recorded a non-cash charge of $26 million, which resulted in no related income tax benefit, in Closures and impairment expenses in the fourth quarter of 2009 to write-off goodwill associated with our LJS and A&W U.S. businesses we owned at the time.
Additionally, the Company recognized a reduction to Franchise and license fees and income of $32 million, pre-tax, in the year ended December 26, 2009 related to investments in our U.S. Brands. These investments reflected our reimbursements to KFC franchisees for installation costs of ovens for the national launch of Kentucky Grilled Chicken. The reimbursements were recorded as a reduction to Franchise and license fees and income as we would not have provided the reimbursements absent the ongoing franchisee relationship.
LJS and A&W Divestitures
During the fourth quarter of 2011 we sold the Long John Silver's and A&W All American Food Restaurants brands to key franchise leaders and strategic investors in separate transactions.
We recognized $86 million of pre-tax losses and other costs primarily in Closures and impairment (income) expenses during 2011 as a result of these transactions. Additionally, we recognized $104 million of tax benefits related to tax losses associated with the transactions.
In 2011, these businesses contributed 5% to both System sales and Franchise and license fees and income for the U.S. segment, and 1% to both System sales and Franchise and license fees and income for the YRI segment. While these businesses contributed 1% to both the U.S. and YRI segments' Operating Profit in 2011, the impact on our consolidated Operating Profit was not significant.
Refranchising of Equity Markets Outside the U.S.
During the year ended December 31, 2011, we decided to refranchise or close all of our remaining Company-operated Pizza Hut restaurants in the UK market. While an asset group comprising approximately 350 dine-in restaurants did not meet the criteria for held-for-sale classification as of December 31, 2011, our decision to sell was considered an impairment indicator. As such we reviewed this asset group for potential impairment and determined that its carrying value was not recoverable based upon our estimate of expected refranchising proceeds and holding period cash flows anticipated while we continue to operate the restaurants as company units. Accordingly, we wrote this asset group down to our estimate of its fair value, which is based on the sales price we would expect to receive from a buyer. This fair value determination considered current market conditions, trends in the Pizza Hut UK business, and prices for similar transactions in the restaurant industry and resulted in a pre-tax, non-cash write-down of $74 million which was recorded to Refranchising (gain) loss. This impairment charge decreased depreciation expense versus what would have otherwise been recorded by approximately $3 million in 2011. This depreciation reduction was recorded as a Special Item, resulting in depreciation expense in the YRI segment results continuing to be recorded at the rate at which it was prior to the impairment charges being recorded for these restaurants. We will continue to review the asset group for any further necessary impairment until the date it is sold. The write-down does not include any allocation of the Pizza Hut UK reporting unit goodwill in the asset group carrying value. This additional non-cash write-down would be recorded, consistent with our historical policy, if the asset group ultimately meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Upon the ultimate sale of the restaurants, depending on the form of the transaction, we could also be required to record a charge for the fair value of any guarantee of future lease payments for any leases we assign to a franchisee and for the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment associated with Pizza Hut UK. The decision to refranchise or close all remaining Pizza Hut restaurants in the UK was considered to be a goodwill impairment indicator. We determined that the fair value of our Pizza Hut UK reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and as such there was no impairment of the approximately $100 million in goodwill attributable to this reporting unit. We also recorded a $2 million loss in Refranchising (gain) loss for obligations that we believe are probable related to the proposed refranchising of Pizza Hut UK.
In the fourth quarter of 2010 we recorded a $52 million loss on the refranchising of our Mexico equity market as we sold all of our Company-operated restaurants, comprised of 222 KFC and 123 Pizza Huts, to an existing Latin American franchise partner. The buyer is also serving as the master franchisee for Mexico which had 102 KFCs and 53 Pizza Hut franchise restaurants at the time
of the transaction. The write-off of goodwill included in this loss was minimal as our Mexico reporting unit included an insignificant amount of goodwill. This loss did not result in a related income tax benefit.
During the year ended December 26, 2009 we recognized a non-cash $10 million refranchising loss as a result of our decision to offer to refranchise our KFC Taiwan equity market. During the year ended December 25, 2010 we refranchised all of our remaining company restaurants in Taiwan, which consisted of 124 KFCs. We included in our December 25, 2010 financial statements a non-cash write-off of $7 million of goodwill in determining the loss on refranchising of Taiwan. Neither of these losses resulted in a related income tax benefit. The amount of goodwill write-off was based on the relative fair values of the Taiwan business disposed of and the portion of the business that was retained. The fair value of the business disposed of was determined by reference to the discounted value of the future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurants and retained by the franchisee, which included a deduction for the anticipated royalties the franchisee was estimated to pay the Company associated with the franchise agreement entered into in connection with this refranchising transaction. The fair value of the Taiwan business retained consisted of expected net cash flows to be derived from royalties from franchisees, including the royalties associated with the franchise agreement entered into in connection with this refranchising transaction. We believe the terms of the franchise agreement entered into in connection with the Taiwan refranchising were substantially consistent with market. The remaining carrying value of goodwill related to our Taiwan business of $30 million, was determined not to be impaired subsequent to the refranchising as the fair value of the Taiwan reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount.
Consolidation of a Former Unconsolidated Affiliate in Shanghai, China
On May 4, 2009 we acquired an additional 7% ownership in the entity that operates more than 200 KFCs in Shanghai, China for $12 million, increasing our ownership to 58%. Prior to our acquisition of this additional interest, this entity was accounted for as an unconsolidated affiliate under the equity method of accounting. Concurrent with the acquisition we received additional rights in the governance of the entity and thus we began consolidating the entity upon acquisition. As required by GAAP, we remeasured our previously held 51% ownership in the entity, which had a recorded value of $17 million at the date of acquisition, at fair value and recognized a gain of $68 million accordingly. This gain, which resulted in no related income tax expense, was recorded in Other (income) expense in our 2009 Consolidated Statement of Income.
Under the equity method of accounting, we previously reported our 51% share of the net income of the unconsolidated affiliate (after interest expense and income taxes) as Other (income) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We also recorded a franchise fee for the royalty received from the restaurants owned by the unconsolidated affiliate. Subsequent to the date of the acquisition, we reported the results of operations for the entity in the appropriate line items of our Consolidated Statements of Income. We no longer recorded franchise fee income for these restaurants nor did we report Other (income) expense as we did under the equity method of accounting. Net income attributable to our partner’s ownership percentage is recorded in Net Income – noncontrolling interests. For the year ended December 25, 2010, the consolidation of the existing restaurants upon acquisition increased Company sales by $98 million, decreased Franchise and license fees and income by $6 million and increased Operating Profit by $3 million versus the year ended December 26, 2009. The impact of the acquisition on Net Income – YUM! Brands, Inc. was not significant to the year ended December 25, 2010.
Extra Week in 2011
Our fiscal calendar results in a 53rd week every five or six years. Fiscal year 2011 included a 53rd week in the fourth quarter for all our U.S. businesses and certain of our YRI businesses that report on a period, as opposed to a monthly, basis. Our China Division reports on a monthly basis and thus did not have a 53rd week.
See the System Sales Growth section within our MD&A for further discussion on the impact of 53rd week on system sales. The following table summarizes the estimated impact of the 53rd week on revenues and operating profit:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. | | YRI | | Unallocated | | Total |
Revenues | | | | | | | | |
Company sales | | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 29 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 72 |
|
Franchise and license fees | | 13 |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 19 |
|
Total Revenues | | $ | 56 |
| | $ | 35 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 91 |
|
Operating profit | | | | | | | | |
Franchise and license fees | | $ | 13 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 19 |
|
Restaurant profit | | 9 |
| | 6 |
| | — |
| | 15 |
|
General and administrative expenses | | (4 | ) | | (4 | ) | | (1 | ) | | (9 | ) |
Operating profit(a) | | $ | 18 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 25 |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| |
(a) | The $25 million benefit was offset throughout 2011 by investments, including franchise development incentives, as well as higher-than-normal spending, such as restaurant closures in the U.S. and YRI. |
Acquisition of Controlling Interest in Little Sheep
On February 1, 2012 we paid $584 million to acquire an additional 66% interest in Little Sheep, a leading Chinese casual dining concept with approximately 450 system-wide restaurants headquartered in Inner Mongolia, China. This acquisition brought our total ownership to approximately 93% of the business. We expect that the consolidation of Little Sheep will increase our revenue in China in 2012 by approximately 5%, with only a corresponding modest impact to Operating profit given the transaction and transition related costs we expect to incur in our initial year of ownership.
YRI Acquisitions
On October 31, 2011 YRI acquired 68 KFC restaurants from an existing franchisee in South Africa for $71 million.
On July 1, 2010, we completed the exercise of our option with our Russian partner to purchase their interest in the co-branded Rostik’s-KFC restaurants across Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. As a result, we acquired company ownership of 50 restaurants and gained full rights and responsibilities as franchisor of 81 restaurants, which our partner previously managed as master franchisee. We paid cash of $60 million, net of settlement of a long-term note receivable of $11 million, and assumed long-term debt of $10 million which was subsequently repaid. The remaining balance of the purchase price of $12 million will be paid in cash by July 2012.
The impact of consolidating these businesses on all line-items within our Consolidated Statement of Income was insignificant to the comparison of our year-over-year results and is not expected to materially impact our results going forward.
Pizza Hut South Korea Goodwill Impairment
As a result of a decline in future profit expectations for our Pizza Hut South Korea business, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $12 million for this market during 2009. This charge was recorded in Closure and impairment (income) expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Income and was allocated to our International Division for performance reporting purposes.
Store Portfolio Strategy
From time to time we sell Company restaurants to existing and new franchisees where geographic synergies can be obtained or where franchisees’ expertise can generally be leveraged to improve our overall operating performance, while retaining Company ownership of strategic U.S. and international markets in which we choose to continue investing capital. In the U.S., we are targeting Company ownership of KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell restaurants of about 8%, down from its current level of 13%, with our primary remaining focus being refranchising at KFC and Taco Bell to about 5% and 16% Company ownership, respectively. Consistent with this strategy, 404, 404 and 541 Company restaurants in the U.S. were sold to franchisees in the years ended December 31, 2011, December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009, respectively. At December 31, 2011, we have offered for refranchising approximately 250 KFCs in the U.S. Additionally, we have offered for refranchise all remaining Company-owned restaurants in the Pizza Hut UK business (approximately 420 restaurants remaining as of December 31, 2011) and during 2010, we refranchised all Company-owned KFCs and Pizza Huts in Mexico (345 restaurants) and KFCs in Taiwan (124 restaurants).
The following table summarizes our worldwide refranchising activities:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 |
Number of units refranchised | | 529 |
| | 949 |
| | 613 |
|
Refranchising proceeds, pre-tax | | $ | 246 |
| | $ | 265 |
| | $ | 194 |
|
Refranchising (gain) loss, pre-tax | | $ | 72 |
| | $ | 63 |
| | $ | (26 | ) |
Refranchisings reduce our reported revenues and restaurant profits and increase the importance of system sales growth as a key performance measure. Additionally, G&A expenses will decline over time as a result of these refranchising activities. The timing of G&A declines will vary and often lag the actual refranchising activities as the synergies are typically dependent upon the size and geography of the respective deals. G&A expenses included in the tables below reflect only direct G&A that we no longer incurred as a result of stores that were operated by us for all or a portion of the respective previous year and were no longer operated by us as of the last day of the respective current year.
The impact on Operating Profit arising from refranchising is the net of (a) the estimated reductions in restaurant profit, which reflects the decrease in Company sales, and G&A expenses and (b) the increase in franchise fees from the restaurants that have been refranchised. The tables presented below reflect the impacts on Total revenues and on Operating Profit from stores that were operated by us for all or some portion of the respective previous year and were no longer operated by us as of the last day of the respective current year. In these tables, Decreased Company sales and Decreased Restaurant profit represents the amount of sales or restaurant profit earned by the refranchised restaurants during the period we owned them in the prior year but did not own them in the current year. Increased Franchise and license fees represents the franchise and license fees from the refranchised restaurants that were recorded by the Company in the current year during periods in which the restaurants were Company stores in the prior year.
The following table summarizes the impact of refranchising on Total revenues as described above:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2011 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Decreased Company sales | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (311 | ) | | $ | (404 | ) | | $ | (751 | ) |
Increased Franchise and license fees and income | | 6 |
| | 25 |
| | 27 |
| | 58 |
|
Decrease in Total revenues | | $ | (30 | ) | | $ | (286 | ) | | $ | (377 | ) | | $ | (693 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Decreased Company sales | | $ | (20 | ) | | $ | (183 | ) | | $ | (401 | ) | | $ | (604 | ) |
Increased Franchise and license fees and income | | 3 |
| | 9 |
| | 25 |
| | 37 |
|
Decrease in Total revenues | | $ | (17 | ) | | $ | (174 | ) | | $ | (376 | ) | | $ | (567 | ) |
The following table summarizes the impact of refranchising on Operating Profit as described above:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2011 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Decreased Restaurant profit | | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (25 | ) | | $ | (43 | ) | | $ | (73 | ) |
Increased Franchise and license fees and income | | 6 |
| | 25 |
| | 27 |
| | 58 |
|
Increased Franchise and license expenses | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (2 | ) | | (6 | ) |
Decreased G&A | | — |
| | 21 |
| | 6 |
| | 27 |
|
Increase (decrease) in Operating Profit | | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 19 |
| | $ | (12 | ) | | $ | 6 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Decreased Restaurant profit | | $ | (3 | ) | | $ | (5 | ) | | $ | (44 | ) | | $ | (52 | ) |
Increased Franchise and license fees and income | | 3 |
| | 9 |
| | 25 |
| | 37 |
|
Increased Franchise and license expenses | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Decreased G&A | | — |
| | 9 |
| | 6 |
| | 15 |
|
Increase (decrease) in Operating Profit | | $ | — |
| | $ | 13 |
| | $ | (13 | ) | | $ | — |
|
Internal Revenue Service Proposed Adjustment
On June 23, 2010 the Company received a Revenue Agent Report from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) relating to its examination of our U.S. federal income tax returns for fiscal years 2004 through 2006. The IRS has proposed an adjustment to increase the taxable value of rights to intangibles used outside the U.S. that YUM transferred to certain of its foreign subsidiaries. The proposed adjustment would result in approximately $700 million of additional taxes plus net interest to date of approximately $170 million. Furthermore, if the IRS prevails it is likely to make similar claims for years subsequent to fiscal 2006. The potential additional taxes for these later years, through 2011, computed on a similar basis to the 2004-2006 additional taxes, would be approximately $350 million plus net interest to date of approximately $25 million.
We believe that the Company has properly reported taxable income and paid taxes in accordance with applicable laws and that the proposed adjustment is inconsistent with applicable income tax laws, Treasury Regulations and relevant case law. We intend to defend our position vigorously and have filed a protest with the IRS. As the final resolution of the proposed adjustment remains uncertain, the Company will continue to provide for its position in accordance with GAAP. There can be no assurance that payments due upon final resolution of this issue will not exceed our currently recorded reserve and such payments could have a material adverse effect on our financial position. Additionally, if increases to our reserves are deemed necessary due to future developments related to this issue, such increases could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations as they are recorded. The Company does not expect resolution of this matter within twelve months and cannot predict with certainty the timing of such resolution.
International Reporting Change
In the first quarter of 2012, we will begin reporting information for our India business as a standalone reporting segment separate from YRI as a result of changes to our management reporting structure. While our consolidated results will not be impacted, we will restate our historical segment information during 2012 for consistent presentation. This new segment will also include the franchise businesses in the neighboring countries of Bangladesh, Mauritius, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
Restaurant Unit Activity
|
| | | | | | | | |
Worldwide | | Franchisees | | Company | | Unconsolidated Affiliates | | Total Excluding Licensees(a) |
Balance at end of 2009 | | 26,745 | | 7,666 | | 469 | | 34,880 |
New Builds | | 952 | | 607 | | 62 | | 1,621 |
Acquisitions | | (110) | | 110 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 949 | | (949) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (668) | | (163) | | (6) | | (837) |
Other | | (16) | | — | | — | | (16) |
Balance at end of 2010 | | 27,852 | | 7,271 | | 525 | | 35,648 |
| | | | | | | | |
New Builds | | 1,058 | | 749 | | 73 | | 1,880 |
Acquisitions | | (137) | | 137 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 529 | | (529) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (743) | | (191) | | (11) | | (945) |
LJS & A&W Divestitures(b) | | (1,633) | | — | | — | | (1,633) |
Other | | 2 | | — | | — | | 2 |
Balance at end of 2011 | | 26,928 | | 7,437 | | 587 | | 34,952 |
% of Total | | 77% | | 21% | | 2% | | 100% |
|
| | | | | | | | |
China | | Franchisees | | Company | | Unconsolidated Affiliates | | Total Excluding Licensees(a) |
Balance at end of 2009 | | 118 | | 2,866 | | 469 | | 3,453 |
New Builds | | 3 | | 442 | | 62 | | 507 |
Acquisitions | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 33 | | (33) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (1) | | (47) | | (6) | | (54) |
Other | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Balance at end of 2010 | | 153 | | 3,228 | | 525 | | 3,906 |
New Builds | | 4 | | 579 | | 73 | | 656 |
Acquisitions | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 47 | | (47) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (3) | | (55) | | (11) | | (69) |
Other | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Balance at end of 2011 | | 201 | | 3,705 | | 587 | | 4,493 |
% of Total | | 4% | | 83% | | 13% | | 100% |
|
| | | | | | | | |
YRI | | Franchisees | | Company | | Unconsolidated Affiliates | | Total Excluding Licensees(a) |
Balance at end of 2009 | | 11,808 | | 2,000 | | — | | 13,808 |
New Builds | | 801 | | 83 | | — | | 884 |
Acquisitions | | (53) | | 53 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 512 | | (512) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (346) | | (65) | | — | | (411) |
Other | | — | | — | | — | | — |
Balance at end of 2010 | | 12,722 | | 1,559 | | — | | 14,281 |
| | | | | | | | |
New Builds | | 823 | | 82 | | — | | 905 |
Acquisitions | | (86) | | 86 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 78 | | (78) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (333) | | (56) | | — | | (389) |
LJS & A&W Divestitures(b) | | (347) | | — | | — | | (347) |
Other | | 3 | | — | | — | | 3 |
Balance at end of 2011 | | 12,860 | | 1,593 | | — | | 14,453 |
% of Total | | 89% | | 11% | | —% | | 100% |
|
| | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | Franchisees | | Company | | Unconsolidated Affiliates | | Total Excluding Licensees(a) |
Balance at end of 2009 | | 14,819 | | 2,800 | | — | | 17,619 |
New Builds | | 148 | | 82 | | — | | 230 |
Acquisitions | | (57) | | 57 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 404 | | (404) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (321) | | (51) | | — | | (372) |
Other | | (16) | | — | | — | | (16) |
Balance at end of 2010 | | 14,977 | | 2,484 | | — | | 17,461 |
| | | | | | | | |
New Builds | | 231 | | 88 | | — | | 319 |
Acquisitions | | (51) | | 51 | | — | | — |
Refranchising | | 404 | | (404) | | — | | — |
Closures | | (407) | | (80) | | — | | (487) |
LJS & A&W Divestitures(b) | | (1,286) | | — | | — | | (1,286) |
Other | | (1) | | — | | — | | (1) |
Balance at end of 2011 | | 13,867 | | 2,139 | | — | | 16,006 |
% of Total | | 87% | | 13% | | —% | | 100% |
| |
(a) | The Worldwide, YRI and U.S. totals exclude 2,169, 125 and 2,044 licensed units, respectively, at December 31, 2011. While there are no licensed units in China, we have excluded from the Worldwide and China totals 7 Company-owned units that are similar to licensed units. The units excluded offer limited menus and operate in non-traditional locations like malls, airports, gasoline service stations, train stations, subways, convenience stores, stadiums and amusement parks where a full scale traditional outlet would not be practical or efficient. As licensed units have lower average unit sales volumes than our traditional units and our current strategy does not place a significant emphasis on expanding our licensed units, we do not believe that providing further detail of licensed unit activity provides significant or meaningful information at this time. |
| |
(b) | The reductions to Worldwide, YRI and U.S. totals of 1,633, 347 and 1,286, respectively during 2011 represent the number of LJS and A&W units as of the beginning of 2011. Therefore, 2011 New Builds and Closures exclude any activity related to LJS and A&W. |
Multibrand restaurants are included in the totals above. Multibrand conversions increase the sales and points of distribution for the second brand added to a restaurant but do not result in an additional unit count. Similarly, a new multibrand restaurant, while increasing sales and points of distribution for two brands, results in just one additional unit count.
System Sales Growth
The following tables detail the key drivers of system sales growth for each reportable segment by year. Net unit growth represents the net impact of actual system sales growth due to new unit openings and historical system sales lost due to closures as well as any necessary rounding.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2011 vs. 2010 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Same store sales growth (decline) | | 19 | % | | 3 | % | | (1 | )% | | 3 | % |
Net unit growth and other | | 10 |
| | 4 |
| | (1 | ) | | 3 |
|
Foreign currency translation | | 6 |
| | 5 |
| | N/A |
| | 3 |
|
53rd week impact | | N/A |
| | 1 |
| | 2 |
| | 1 |
|
% Change | | 35 | % | | 13 | % | | — | % | | 10 | % |
% Change, excluding forex and 53rd week | | 29 | % | | 7 | % | | (2 | )% | | 6 | % |
| | 2010 vs. 2009 |
| | China | | YRI | | U.S. | | Worldwide |
Same store sales growth (decline) | | 6 | % | | — | % | | 1 | % | | 2 | % |
Net unit growth and other | | 11 |
| | 4 |
| | 1 |
| | 2 |
|
Foreign currency translation | | 1 |
| | 6 |
| | N/A |
| | 3 |
|
% Change | | 18 | % | | 10 | % | | 2 | % | | 7 | % |
% Change, excluding forex | | 17 | % | | 4 | % | | N/A |
| | 4 | % |
Company-Operated Store Results
The following tables detail the key drivers of the year-over-year changes of Company sales and Restaurant profit for each reportable segment by year. Store portfolio actions represent the net impact of new unit openings, acquisitions, refranchisings and store closures on Company sales or Restaurant profit. The impact of new unit openings and acquisitions represent the actual Company sales or Restaurant profit for the periods the Company operated the restaurants in the current year but did not operate them in the prior year. The impact of refranchisings and store closures represent the actual Company sales or Restaurant profit for the periods in the prior year while the Company operated the restaurants but did not operate them in the current year.
The dollar changes in Company Restaurant profit by year were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
China | | |
| | 2011 vs. 2010 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2010 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 2011 |
Company sales | | $ | 4,081 |
| | $436 | | $ | 720 |
| | $ | 250 |
| | $ | 5,487 |
|
Cost of sales | | (1,362 | ) | | (150) | | (346 | ) | | (89 | ) | | (1,947 | ) |
Cost of labor | | (587 | ) | | (96) | | (166 | ) | | (41 | ) | | (890 | ) |
Occupancy and other | | (1,231 | ) | | (159) | | (107 | ) | | (71 | ) | | (1,568 | ) |
Restaurant profit | | $ | 901 |
| | $31 | | $ | 101 |
| | $ | 49 |
| | $ | 1,082 |
|
Restaurant margin | | 22.1 | % | | | | | | | | 19.7 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 vs. 2009 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2009 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 2010 |
Company sales | | $ | 3,352 |
| | $ | 484 |
| | $ | 207 |
| | $ | 38 |
| | $ | 4,081 |
|
Cost of sales | | (1,175 | ) | | (162 | ) | | (12 | ) | | (13 | ) | | (1,362 | ) |
Cost of labor | | (447 | ) | | (78 | ) | | (56 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (587 | ) |
Occupancy and other | | (1,025 | ) | | (160 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (11 | ) | | (1,231 | ) |
Restaurant profit | | $ | 705 |
| | $ | 84 |
| | $ | 104 |
| | $ | 8 |
| | $ | 901 |
|
Restaurant margin | | 21.0 | % | | | | | | | | 22.1 | % |
In 2011, the increase in China Company sales and Restaurant profit associated with store portfolio actions was primarily driven by the development of new units partially offset by lapping the benefit of our participation in the World Expo in 2010. Significant other factors impacting Company sales and/or Restaurant profit were Company same-store sales growth of 18% which was driven by transaction growth partially offset by a negative impact from sales mix shift and a new business tax that took effect December 2010, wage rate inflation of 20% as well as commodity inflation of $90 million, or 8%.
In 2010, the increase in China Company sales and Restaurant profit associated with store portfolio actions was primarily driven by the development of new units and the acquisition of additional interest in and consolidation of a former China unconsolidated affiliate during 2009 (See Note 4 for further discussion) and $16 million in Restaurant profit from our brands’ participation in the World Expo during 2010. Significant other factors impacting Company sales and/or Restaurant profit were Company same-store sales growth of 6% and commodity deflation of $26 million partially offset by labor inflation.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
YRI | | |
| | 2011 vs. 2010 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2010 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 53rd Week | | 2011 |
Company sales | | $ | 2,347 |
| | $ | (148 | ) | | $ | 62 |
| | $ | 116 |
| | $ | 29 |
| | $ | 2,406 |
|
Cost of sales | | (753 | ) | | 67 |
| | (36 | ) | | (38 | ) | | (9 | ) | | (769 | ) |
Cost of labor | | (591 | ) | | 34 |
| | (21 | ) | | (30 | ) | | (8 | ) | | (616 | ) |
Occupancy and other | | (727 | ) | | 49 |
| | (9 | ) | | (33 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (726 | ) |
Restaurant profit | | $ | 276 |
| | $ | 2 |
| | $ | (4 | ) | | $ | 15 |
| | $ | 6 |
| | $ | 295 |
|
Restaurant margin | | 11.7 | % | | | | | | | | | | 12.3 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 vs. 2009 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2009 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 2010 |
Company sales | | $ | 2,323 |
| | $ | (49 | ) | | $ | (10 | ) | | $ | 83 |
| | $ | 2,347 |
|
Cost of sales | | (758 | ) | | 19 |
| | 17 |
| | (31 | ) | | (753 | ) |
Cost of labor | | (586 | ) | | 20 |
| | (8 | ) | | (17 | ) | | (591 | ) |
Occupancy and other | | (724 | ) | | 21 |
| | — |
| | (24 | ) | | (727 | ) |
Restaurant profit | | $ | 255 |
| | $ | 11 |
| | $ | (1 | ) | | $ | 11 |
| | $ | 276 |
|
Restaurant margin | | 10.9 | % | | | | | | | | 11.7 | % |
In 2011, the decrease in YRI Company sales associated with store portfolio actions was driven by refranchising, primarily Mexico, partially offset by new unit development. Significant other factors impacting Company sales and/or Restaurant profit were Company same-store sales growth of 3% offset by commodity inflation and higher labor costs.
In 2010, the decrease in YRI Company sales associated with store portfolio actions was driven by refranchising, primarily KFC Taiwan, partially offset by new unit development. The increase in Restaurant profit associated with store portfolio actions was driven by new unit development partially offset by refranchising. Another significant factor impacting Restaurant profit during the year was labor inflation. Company same-store sales were flat for the year.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. | | |
| | 2011 vs. 2010 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2010 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 53rd Week | | 2011 |
Company sales | | $ | 3,355 |
| | $ | (322 | ) | | $ | (76 | ) | | N/A | | $ | 43 |
| | $ | 3,000 |
|
Cost of sales | | (976 | ) | | 95 |
| | (23 | ) | | N/A | | (13 | ) | | (917 | ) |
Cost of labor | | (994 | ) | | 101 |
| | (7 | ) | | N/A | | (12 | ) | | (912 | ) |
Occupancy and other | | (908 | ) | | 95 |
| | 13 |
| | N/A | | (9 | ) | | (809 | ) |
Restaurant profit | | $ | 477 |
| | $ | (31 | ) | | $ | (93 | ) | | N/A | | $ | 9 |
| | $ | 362 |
|
Restaurant margin | | 14.2 | % | | | | | | | | | | 12.1 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 vs. 2009 |
Income / (Expense) | | 2009 | | Store Portfolio Actions | | Other | | FX | | 2010 |
Company sales | | $ | 3,738 |
| | $ | (378 | ) | | $ | (5 | ) | | N/A | | $ | 3,355 |
|
Cost of sales | | (1,070 | ) | | |