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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
|
| |
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
|
| |
Or |
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File Number 001-5424
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
State of Incorporation: Delaware
I.R.S. Employer Identification No.: 58-0218548
Post Office Box 20706, Atlanta, Georgia 30320-6001
Telephone: (404) 715-2600
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
| | | | | | | |
Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | o | Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
Number of shares outstanding by each class of common stock, as of March 31, 2017:
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value - 735,530,413 shares outstanding
This document is also available through our website at http://ir.delta.com/.
Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "Delta," "we," "us" and "our" refer to Delta Air Lines, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this Form 10-Q (or otherwise made by us or on our behalf) that are not historical facts, including statements about our estimates, expectations, beliefs, intentions, projections or strategies for the future, may be "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or our present expectations. Known material risk factors applicable to Delta are described in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 ("Form 10-K"), other than risks that could apply to any issuer or offering. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report.
REVIEW REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Delta Air Lines, Inc.
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Delta Air Lines, Inc. (the Company) as of March 31, 2017, and the related condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Delta Air Lines, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and stockholders' equity for the year then ended (not presented herein) and we expressed an unqualified audit opinion on those consolidated financial statements in our report dated February 13, 2017.
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| |
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
Atlanta, Georgia | |
April 12, 2017 | |
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
(in millions, except share data) | March 31, 2017 | | December 31, 2016 |
ASSETS |
Current Assets: | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,907 |
| | $ | 2,762 |
|
Short-term investments | 743 |
| | 487 |
|
Accounts receivable, net of an allowance for uncollectible accounts of $11 and $15 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 2,307 |
| | 2,064 |
|
Fuel inventory | 487 |
| | 519 |
|
Expendable parts and supplies inventories, net of an allowance for obsolescence of $114 and $110 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 368 |
| | 372 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | 1,068 |
| | 1,247 |
|
Total current assets | 6,880 |
| | 7,451 |
|
Property and Equipment, Net: | | | |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $12,932 and $12,456 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 24,817 |
| | 24,375 |
|
Other Assets: | | | |
Goodwill | 9,794 |
| | 9,794 |
|
Identifiable intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $833 and $828 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 4,855 |
| | 4,844 |
|
Deferred income taxes, net | 2,750 |
| | 3,064 |
|
Other noncurrent assets | 2,363 |
| | 1,733 |
|
Total other assets | 19,762 |
| | 19,435 |
|
Total assets | $ | 51,459 |
| | $ | 51,261 |
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
Current Liabilities: | | | |
Current maturities of long-term debt and capital leases | $ | 1,040 |
| | $ | 1,131 |
|
Air traffic liability | 6,410 |
| | 4,626 |
|
Accounts payable | 2,353 |
| | 2,572 |
|
Accrued salaries and related benefits | 1,835 |
| | 2,924 |
|
Frequent flyer deferred revenue | 1,696 |
| | 1,648 |
|
Other accrued liabilities | 2,619 |
| | 2,338 |
|
Total current liabilities | 15,953 |
| | 15,239 |
|
Noncurrent Liabilities: | | | |
Long-term debt and capital leases | 8,187 |
| | 6,201 |
|
Pension, postretirement and related benefits | 10,291 |
| | 13,378 |
|
Frequent flyer deferred revenue | 2,261 |
| | 2,278 |
|
Other noncurrent liabilities | 1,822 |
| | 1,878 |
|
Total noncurrent liabilities | 22,561 |
|
| 23,735 |
|
Commitments and Contingencies |
| |
|
Stockholders' Equity: | | | |
Common stock at $0.0001 par value; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized, 742,894,980 and 744,886,938 shares issued at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | — |
| | — |
|
Additional paid-in capital | 12,443 |
| | 12,294 |
|
Retained earnings | 8,226 |
| | 7,903 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (7,571 | ) | | (7,636 | ) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 7,364,567 and 14,149,229 shares at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | (153 | ) | | (274 | ) |
Total stockholders' equity | 12,945 |
| | 12,287 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 51,459 |
| | $ | 51,261 |
|
| | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
|
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) | 2017 | | 2016 |
Operating Revenue: | | | |
Passenger: | | | |
Mainline | $ | 6,404 |
| | $ | 6,444 |
|
Regional carriers | 1,284 |
| | 1,318 |
|
Total passenger revenue | 7,688 |
| | 7,762 |
|
Cargo | 160 |
| | 162 |
|
Other | 1,300 |
| | 1,327 |
|
Total operating revenue | 9,148 |
| | 9,251 |
|
| | | |
Operating Expense: | | | |
Salaries and related costs | 2,473 |
| | 2,311 |
|
Aircraft fuel and related taxes | 1,240 |
| | 1,227 |
|
Regional carriers expense | 1,110 |
| | 1,006 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 540 |
| | 486 |
|
Contracted services | 523 |
| | 476 |
|
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs | 518 |
| | 449 |
|
Passenger commissions and other selling expenses | 404 |
| | 388 |
|
Landing fees and other rents | 365 |
| | 348 |
|
Passenger service | 220 |
| | 189 |
|
Profit sharing | 151 |
| | 272 |
|
Aircraft rent | 84 |
| | 66 |
|
Other | 467 |
| | 493 |
|
Total operating expense | 8,095 |
| | 7,711 |
|
| | | |
Operating Income | 1,053 |
| | 1,540 |
|
| | | |
Non-Operating Expense: |
| |
|
Interest expense, net | (94 | ) | | (107 | ) |
Miscellaneous, net | (44 | ) | | 1 |
|
Total non-operating expense, net | (138 | ) | | (106 | ) |
| | | |
Income Before Income Taxes | 915 |
| | 1,434 |
|
| | | |
Income Tax Provision | (312 | ) | | (488 | ) |
| | | |
Net Income | $ | 603 |
| | $ | 946 |
|
| | | |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 0.83 |
| | $ | 1.22 |
|
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 0.82 |
| | $ | 1.21 |
|
Cash Dividends Declared Per Share | $ | 0.20 |
| | $ | 0.14 |
|
| | | |
Comprehensive Income | $ | 668 |
| | $ | 942 |
|
| | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited) |
| | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in millions) | 2017 | | 2016 |
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities | $ | (801 | ) | | $ | 1,011 |
|
| | | |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | | | |
Property and equipment additions: | | | |
Flight equipment, including advance payments | (595 | ) | | (764 | ) |
Ground property and equipment, including technology | (207 | ) | | (107 | ) |
Purchase of equity investments | (622 | ) | | — |
|
Purchase of short-term investments | (463 | ) | | (488 | ) |
Redemption of short-term investments | 207 |
| | 753 |
|
Other, net | (54 | ) | | 5 |
|
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,734 | ) |
| (601 | ) |
| | | |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | | | |
Payments on long-term debt and capital lease obligations | (288 | ) | | (459 | ) |
Repurchase of common stock | (200 | ) | | (775 | ) |
Cash dividends | (149 | ) | | (107 | ) |
Fuel card obligation | 334 |
| | 141 |
|
Proceeds from short-term obligations | — |
| | 68 |
|
Proceeds from long-term obligations | 2,004 |
| | 450 |
|
Other, net | (21 | ) | | 8 |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,680 |
| | (674 | ) |
| | | |
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (855 | ) | | (264 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 2,762 |
| | 1,972 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 1,907 |
| | $ | 1,708 |
|
| | | |
Non-Cash Transactions: | | | |
Treasury stock contributed to our qualified defined benefit pension plans | $ | 350 |
| | $ | 350 |
|
Flight and ground equipment acquired under capital leases | 186 |
| | 27 |
|
| | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
DELTA AIR LINES, INC.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Delta Air Lines, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information. Consistent with these requirements, this Form 10-Q does not include all the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. As a result, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Management believes the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented.
Due to seasonal variations in the demand for air travel, the volatility of aircraft fuel prices and other factors, operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the entire year.
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation. Unless otherwise noted, all amounts disclosed are stated before consideration of income taxes.
Recent Accounting Standards
Standards Effective in Future Years
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." Under this ASU and subsequently issued amendments, revenue is recognized at the time a good or service is transferred to a customer for the amount of consideration received. Entities may use a full retrospective approach or report the cumulative effect as of the date of adoption. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
We are currently evaluating how the adoption of the revenue recognition standard will impact our Consolidated Financial Statements. While we currently believe the adoption will have little effect on earnings, the classification of certain transactions within revenues and between revenues and operating expenses may change. The adoption may increase the rate used to account for frequent flyer miles, which would impact the balance of the frequent flyer liability. We will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018.
Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." This standard will require all leases with durations greater than twelve months to be recognized on the balance sheet and is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, although early adoption is permitted.
We have not completed our assessment, but we believe adoption of this standard will have a significant impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. However, we do not expect the adoption to have a significant impact on the recognition, measurement or presentation of lease expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Operations or the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Information about our undiscounted future lease payments and the timing of those payments is in Note 7, "Lease Obligations," in our Form 10-K.
Statement of Cash Flows. In 2016, the FASB issued ASU Nos. 2016-15 and 2016-18 related to the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments and the presentation of restricted cash within an entity's statement of cash flows, respectively. These standards are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, but early adoption is permitted. We do not expect these standards to have a material impact on our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Financial Instruments. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10)." This standard makes several changes, including the elimination of the available-for-sale classification of equity investments, and requires equity investments with readily determinable fair values to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. It is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017.
Our investment in the parent company of GOL is currently accounted for as available-for-sale with changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income. At the time of adoption, any amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) ("AOCI") related to equity investments would be reclassified to retained earnings.
Retirement Benefits. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)." This standard requires an entity to report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs. The other components of net (benefit) cost will be required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018. The components of the net (benefit) cost are shown in Note 6, "Employee Benefit Plans."
Recently Adopted Standards
Equity Method Investments. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, "Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323)." This standard eliminates a previous requirement that an investor must restate its historical financial statements when an existing cost method investment qualifies for use of the equity method as if the equity method had been used since the investment was acquired. Under the new guidance, at the point an investment qualifies for the equity method, any unrealized gain or loss in AOCI will be recognized through earnings.
We adopted this standard in 2016. In the March 2017 quarter, we completed the tender offer for additional capital stock of Grupo Aeroméxico, increasing our ownership influence and qualifying our investment for the equity method of accounting. As a result, we recognized a $12 million gain in miscellaneous, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income that was previously recorded in AOCI.
NOTE 2. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Assets (Liabilities) Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
|
| | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | March 31, 2017 | Level 1 | Level 2 |
Cash equivalents | $ | 1,424 |
| $ | 1,424 |
| $ | — |
|
Short-term investments | | |
|
U.S. government and agency securities | 95 |
| 85 |
| 10 |
|
Asset- and mortgage-backed securities | 159 |
| — |
| 159 |
|
Corporate obligations | 418 |
| — |
| 418 |
|
Other fixed income securities | 71 |
| — |
| 71 |
|
Restricted cash equivalents and investments | 60 |
| 60 |
| — |
|
Long-term investments | 142 |
| 117 |
| 25 |
|
Hedge derivatives, net | | | |
Fuel hedge contracts | (238 | ) | (18 | ) | (220 | ) |
Interest rate contract | (5 | ) | — |
| (5 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 1 |
| — |
| 1 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | December 31, 2016 | Level 1 | Level 2 |
Cash equivalents | $ | 2,279 |
| $ | 2,279 |
| $ | — |
|
Short-term investments | | |
|
|
U.S. government and agency securities | 112 |
| 86 |
| 26 |
|
Asset- and mortgage-backed securities | 68 |
| — |
| 68 |
|
Corporate obligations | 295 |
| — |
| 295 |
|
Other fixed income securities | 12 |
| — |
| 12 |
|
Restricted cash equivalents and investments | 61 |
| 61 |
| — |
|
Long-term investments | 139 |
| 115 |
| 24 |
|
Hedge derivatives, net | | | |
Fuel hedge contracts | (324 | ) | (26 | ) | (298 | ) |
Interest rate contract | 6 |
| — |
| 6 |
|
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 27 |
| — |
| 27 |
|
Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents and Investments. Cash equivalents generally consist of money market funds. Restricted cash equivalents and investments generally consist of money market funds and time deposits, which primarily support letters of credit that relate to certain projected self-insurance obligations and airport commitments. The fair value of these investments is based on a market approach using prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets.
Short-Term Investments. The fair values of short-term investments are based on a market approach using industry standard valuation techniques that incorporate observable inputs such as quoted market prices, interest rates, benchmark curves, credit ratings of the security and other observable information.
Long-Term Investments. Our long-term investments that have historically been measured at fair value primarily consist of equity investments in Grupo Aeroméxico, the parent company of Aeroméxico, and GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes, the parent company of VRG Linhas Aéreas (operating as GOL). During the March 2017 quarter, we completed a tender offer for additional shares of Grupo Aeroméxico. With the completion of the tender offer, our investment is accounted for under the equity method and is no longer measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Our derivative contracts that may be settled for shares of Grupo Aeroméxico continue to be measured at fair value. Shares of the parent company of GOL are traded on a public exchange and will continue to be valued based on quoted market prices. The investments are classified in other noncurrent assets.
Hedge Derivatives. A portion of our derivative contracts are negotiated over-the-counter with counterparties without going through a public exchange. Accordingly, our fair value assessments give consideration to the risk of counterparty default (as well as our own credit risk). Such contracts are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The remainder of our hedge contracts are comprised of futures contracts, which are traded on a public exchange. These contracts are classified within
Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
| |
• | Fuel Contracts. Our fuel hedge portfolio consists of options, swaps and futures. The hedge contracts include crude oil, diesel fuel and jet fuel, as these commodities are highly correlated with the price of jet fuel that we consume. Option contracts are valued under an income approach using option pricing models based on data either readily observable in public markets, derived from public markets or provided by counterparties who regularly trade in public markets. Volatilities used in these valuations ranged from 17% to 36% depending on the maturity dates, underlying commodities and strike prices of the option contracts. Swap contracts are valued under an income approach using a discounted cash flow model based on data either readily observable or provided by counterparties who regularly trade in public markets. Discount rates used in these valuations vary with the maturity dates of the respective contracts and are based on the London interbank offered rate ("LIBOR"). Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are traded on a public exchange and valued based on quoted market prices. |
| |
• | Interest Rate Contract. Our interest rate derivative is a swap contract, which is valued based on data readily observable in public markets. |
| |
• | Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. Our foreign currency derivatives consist of Japanese yen and Canadian dollar forward contracts and are valued based on data readily observable in public markets. |
NOTE 3. INVESTMENTS
Short-Term Investments
The estimated fair values of short-term investments, which approximate cost at March 31, 2017, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers of the securities may have the right to retire our investments without prepayment penalties. Investments with maturities beyond one year when purchased may be classified as short-term investments if they are expected to be available to support our short-term liquidity needs.
|
| | | | | |
(in millions) | Available-For-Sale |
Due in one year or less | $ | 216 |
|
Due after one year through three years | 434 |
|
Due after three years through five years | 72 |
|
Due after five years | 21 |
|
Total | $ | 743 |
|
Long-Term Investments
We have developed strategic relationships with certain international airlines through equity investments or other forms of cooperation and support. Strategic relationships improve our coordination with these airlines and enable our customers to seamlessly connect to more places while enjoying a consistent, high-quality travel experience.
| |
• | Aeroméxico. During the March 2017 quarter, we completed a $622 million tender offer for additional capital stock of Grupo Aeroméxico increasing our ownership percentage to 36% of the outstanding shares. Resulting from this increase in our ownership, we now account for the investment under the equity method of accounting and recognize our portion of their results in other non-operating expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. |
We also have derivative contracts that may be settled for shares of Grupo Aeroméxico representing 13% of its shares. We expect to execute those contracts during the June 2017 quarter bringing our total equity investment in Grupo Aeroméxico to 49%.
| |
• | GOL. Through our investment in preferred shares of GOL's parent company, we own 9% of GOL's outstanding capital stock. Driven by an improved outlook for the Brazilian economy and the financial performance of the company, GOL's stock price has nearly doubled since December 31, 2016 and is approximately equivalent to the cost of our investment. |
Additionally, GOL has a $300 million five-year term loan facility with third parties, which we have guaranteed. Our entire guaranty is secured by GOL's ownership interest in Smiles, GOL's publicly traded loyalty program. Because GOL remains in compliance with the terms of its loan facility, we have not recorded a liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2017.
| |
• | China Eastern. We have a 3% equity interest in China Eastern. As our investment agreement with China Eastern restricts our sale or transfer of these shares for a period of three years, we will continue to account for the investment at cost until the September 2017 quarter. Although China Eastern shares are actively traded on a public exchange, it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of the investment due to the restriction on our ability to sell or transfer the shares. As of March 31, 2017, China Eastern's stock trades above the cost of our equity investment. |
NOTE 4. DERIVATIVES AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Changes in aircraft fuel prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates impact our results of operations. In an effort to manage our exposure to these risks, we enter into derivative contracts and adjust our derivative portfolio as market conditions change.
Aircraft Fuel Price Risk
Changes in aircraft fuel prices materially impact our results of operations. We have recently managed our fuel price risk through a hedging program intended to reduce the financial impact from changes in the price of jet fuel as jet fuel prices are subject to potential volatility.
In response to this volatility, during the March 2015 quarter, we entered into transactions that effectively deferred settlement of a portion of our hedge portfolio. These deferral transactions, excluding market movements from the date of inception, provided approximately $300 million in cash receipts during the second half of 2015 and required approximately $300 million in cash payments in 2016. We early terminated certain of the March 2015 quarter deferral transactions in the second half of 2015.
During the March 2016 quarter, we entered into transactions to further defer settlement of a portion of our hedge portfolio until 2017. These deferral transactions, excluding market movements from the date of inception, provided approximately $300 million in cash receipts during the second half of 2016 and require approximately $300 million in cash payments in 2017.
Subsequently, to better participate in the low fuel price environment, we entered into derivatives designed to offset and effectively neutralize our existing airline segment hedge positions, which include the deferral transactions discussed above. As a result, we locked in the amount of the net hedge settlements for the remainder of 2016 and 2017. During the June 2016 quarter, we early settled $455 million of our airline segment's 2016 positions.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we recorded fuel hedge gains of $57 million and fuel hedge losses of $274 million, respectively.
Cash flows associated with the deferral transactions are reported as cash flows from financing activities within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Hedge Position as of March 31, 2017
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Volume | Final Maturity Date | Prepaid Expenses and Other | Other Noncurrent Assets | Other Accrued Liabilities | Other Noncurrent Liabilities | Hedge Derivatives, net |
Designated as hedges | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate contract (fair value hedge) | 332 |
| U.S. dollars | August 2022 | $ | 1 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | (6 | ) | $ | (5 | ) |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 51,027 |
| Japanese yen | November 2019 | 18 |
| 1 |
| (12 | ) | (6 | ) | 1 |
|
394 |
| Canadian dollars |
Not designated as hedges | | | | | | | | |
Fuel hedge contracts (1) | 191 |
| gallons - crude oil, diesel and jet fuel | January 2018 | 210 |
| — |
| (448 | ) | — |
| (238 | ) |
Total derivative contracts | | | $ | 229 |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | (460 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (242 | ) |
| |
(1) | As discussed above, during 2016, we entered into hedges designed to offset and effectively neutralize our 2017 airline segment hedge positions. The dollar amounts shown above primarily represent the offsetting derivatives that were used to neutralize the 2017 airline segment hedge portfolio. |
Hedge Position as of December 31, 2016
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Volume | Final Maturity Date | Prepaid Expenses and Other | Other Noncurrent Assets | Other Accrued Liabilities | Other Noncurrent Liabilities | Hedge Derivatives, net |
Designated as hedges | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate contract (fair value hedge) | 349 |
| U.S. dollars | August 2022 | $ | 2 |
| $ | 4 |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 6 |
|
Foreign currency exchange contracts | 54,853 |
| Japanese yen | February 2019 | 31 |
| 3 |
| (4 | ) | (3 | ) | 27 |
|
335 |
| Canadian dollars | January 2019 |
Not designated as hedges | | | | | | | | |
Fuel hedge contracts (1) | 197 |
| gallons - crude oil, diesel and jet fuel | January 2018 | 360 |
| — |
| (684 | ) | — |
| (324 | ) |
Total derivative contracts | | | $ | 393 |
| $ | 7 |
| $ | (688 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (291 | ) |
| |
(1) | As discussed above, we early settled $455 million of our airline segment's 2016 hedge positions and entered into hedges designed to offset and effectively neutralize our 2017 airline segment hedge positions. The dollar amounts shown above primarily represent the offsetting derivatives that were used to neutralize the 2016 and 2017 airline segment hedge portfolio. |
Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
We have master netting arrangements with our counterparties giving us the right to offset hedge assets and liabilities. However, we have elected not to offset the fair value positions recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table shows the net fair value positions by counterparty had we elected to offset.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Prepaid Expenses and Other | Other Noncurrent Assets | Other Accrued Liabilities | Other Noncurrent Liabilities | Hedge Derivatives, net |
March 31, 2017 | | | | | |
Net derivative contracts | $ | 15 |
| $ | 1 |
| $ | (246 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (242 | ) |
December 31, 2016 | | | | | |
Net derivative contracts | $ | 31 |
| $ | 6 |
| $ | (326 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (291 | ) |
Designated Hedge Gains (Losses)
Gains (losses) related to our designated hedge contracts are as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Effective Portion Reclassified from AOCI to Earnings | | Effective Portion Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | | 2017 | 2016 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | | |
Foreign currency exchange contracts | $ | 7 |
| $ | 24 |
| | $ | (25 | ) | $ | (82 | ) |
As of March 31, 2017, we have recorded $6 million of net gains on cash flow hedge contracts in AOCI, which are scheduled to settle and be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.
Credit Risk
To manage credit risk associated with our aircraft fuel price, interest rate and foreign currency hedging programs, we evaluate counterparties based on several criteria including their credit ratings and limit our exposure to any one counterparty.
Our hedge contracts contain margin funding requirements. The margin funding requirements may cause us to post margin to counterparties or may cause counterparties to post margin to us as market prices in the underlying hedged items change. Due to the fair value position of our hedge contracts, we received net margin of $12 million as of March 31, 2017 and posted net margin of $38 million as of December 31, 2016.
NOTE 5. LONG-TERM DEBT
Fair Value of Debt
Market risk associated with our fixed- and variable-rate long-term debt relates to the potential reduction in fair value and negative impact to future earnings, respectively, from an increase in interest rates. The fair value of debt, shown below, is principally based on reported market values, recently completed market transactions and estimates based on interest rates, maturities, credit risk and underlying collateral. Long-term debt is primarily classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
|
| | | | | | |
(in millions) | March 31, 2017 | December 31, 2016 |
Total debt at par value | $ | 8,887 |
| $ | 7,112 |
|
Unamortized discount and debt issue cost, net | (117 | ) | (104 | ) |
Net carrying amount | $ | 8,770 |
| $ | 7,008 |
|
| | |
Fair value | $ | 9,100 |
| $ | 7,300 |
|
Unsecured Debt Offering
During the March 2017 quarter, we issued $2.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes, consisting of $1.0 billion of 2.875% Notes due 2020 and $1.0 billion of 3.625% Notes due 2022 (collectively, the "Notes"). The Notes are equal in right of payment with all of our other unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all of our future subordinated debt.
The Notes are subject to covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money or capital leases and engage in mergers and consolidations or transfer all or substantially all of our assets, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Notes are also subject to customary event of default provisions, including cross-defaults to other material indebtedness.
If we experience certain changes of control and a ratings decline of either series of Notes by two of the ratings agencies to a rating below investment grade within a certain period of time following a change of control or public notice of the occurrence of a change of control, we must offer to repurchase such series.
Using the net proceeds from the $2.0 billion debt issuance and existing cash, we contributed $2.6 billion to our qualified defined benefit pension plans during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and an additional $610 million in April 2017. We also contributed shares of our common stock from treasury with a value of $350 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Covenants
We were in compliance with the covenants in our financings at March 31, 2017.
NOTE 6. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The following table shows the components of net (benefit) cost:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pension Benefits | Other Postretirement and Postemployment Benefits |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
Service cost | $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | 22 |
| $ | 17 |
|
Interest cost | 213 |
| 229 |
| 35 |
| 37 |
|
Expected return on plan assets | (286 | ) | (226 | ) | (17 | ) | (18 | ) |
Amortization of prior service credit | — |
| — |
| (7 | ) | (7 | ) |
Recognized net actuarial loss | 66 |
| 59 |
| 8 |
| 6 |
|
Net (benefit) cost | $ | (7 | ) | $ | 62 |
| $ | 41 |
| $ | 35 |
|
NOTE 7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Aircraft Purchase and Lease Commitments
Our future aircraft purchase commitments totaled approximately $12.4 billion at March 31, 2017:
|
| | | |
(in millions) | Total |
Nine months ending December 31, 2017 | $ | 2,130 |
|
2018 | 3,140 |
|
2019 | 3,550 |
|
2020 | 1,740 |
|
2021 | 1,130 |
|
Thereafter | 660 |
|
Total | $ | 12,350 |
|
Our future aircraft purchase commitments included the following aircraft at March 31, 2017:
|
| | | |
Aircraft Type | | Purchase Commitments |
B-737-900ER | | 55 |
|
A321-200 | | 64 |
|
A330-300 | | 1 |
|
A330-900neo | | 25 |
|
A350-900 | | 25 |
|
CS100 | | 75 |
|
Total | | 245 |
|
Legal Contingencies
We are involved in various legal proceedings related to employment practices, environmental issues, antitrust matters and other matters concerning our business. We record liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when we determine that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Although the outcome of the legal proceedings in which we are involved cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Contingencies
General Indemnifications
We are the lessee under many commercial real estate leases. It is common in these transactions for us, as the lessee, to agree to indemnify the lessor and the lessor's related parties for tort, environmental and other liabilities that arise out of or relate to our use or occupancy of the leased premises. This type of indemnity would typically make us responsible to indemnified parties for liabilities arising out of the conduct of, among others, contractors, licensees and invitees at, or in connection with, the use or occupancy of the leased premises. This indemnity often extends to related liabilities arising from the negligence of the indemnified parties, but usually excludes any liabilities caused by either their sole or gross negligence or their willful misconduct.
Our aircraft and other equipment lease and financing agreements typically contain provisions requiring us, as the lessee or obligor, to indemnify the other parties to those agreements, including certain of those parties' related persons, against virtually any liabilities that might arise from the use or operation of the aircraft or other equipment.
We believe that our insurance would cover most of our exposure to liabilities and related indemnities associated with the commercial real estate leases and aircraft and other equipment lease and financing agreements described above. While our insurance does not typically cover environmental liabilities, we have certain insurance policies in place as required by applicable environmental laws.
Certain of our aircraft and other financing transactions include provisions that require us to make payments to preserve an expected economic return to the lenders if that economic return is diminished due to certain changes in law or regulations. In certain of these financing transactions, we also bear the risk of certain changes in tax laws that would subject payments to non-U.S. lenders to withholding taxes.
We cannot reasonably estimate our potential future payments under the indemnities and related provisions described above because we cannot predict (1) when and under what circumstances these provisions may be triggered and (2) the amount that would be payable if the provisions were triggered because the amounts would be based on facts and circumstances existing at such time.
Employees Under Collective Bargaining Agreements
At March 31, 2017, we had approximately 85,000 full-time equivalent employees. Approximately 16% of these employees were represented by unions.
Other
We have certain contracts for goods and services that require us to pay a penalty, acquire inventory specific to us or purchase contract-specific equipment, as defined by each respective contract, if we terminate the contract without cause prior to its expiration date. Because these obligations are contingent on our termination of the contract without cause prior to its expiration date, no obligation would exist unless such a termination occurs.
NOTE 8. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following tables show the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Pension and Other Benefits Liabilities(2) | Derivative Contracts | Investments | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2017 (net of tax effect of $1,458) | $ | (7,714 | ) | $ | 97 |
| $ | (19 | ) | $ | (7,636 | ) |
Changes in value (net of tax effect of $5) | — |
| (12 | ) | 48 |
| 36 |
|
Reclassifications into earnings (net of tax effect of $17)(1) | 41 |
| (4 | ) | (8 | ) | 29 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2017 (net of tax effect of $1,446) | $ | (7,673 | ) | $ | 81 |
| $ | 21 |
| $ | (7,571 | ) |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Pension and Other Benefits Liabilities(2) | Derivative Contracts | Investments | Total |
Balance at January 1, 2016 (net of tax effect of $1,222) | $ | (7,354 | ) | $ | 140 |
| $ | (61 | ) | $ | (7,275 | ) |
Changes in value (net of tax effect of $20) | — |
| (36 | ) | 11 |
| (25 | ) |
Reclassifications into earnings (net of tax effect of $12)(1) | 36 |
| (15 | ) | — |
| 21 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2016 (net of tax effect of $1,230) | $ | (7,318 | ) | $ | 89 |
| $ | (50 | ) | $ | (7,279 | ) |
| |
(1) | Amounts reclassified from AOCI for pension and other benefits liabilities and derivative contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges are recorded in salaries and related costs and in passenger revenue, respectively, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The reclassification into earnings for investments relates to our investment in Grupo Aeroméxico during the March 2017 quarter with the conversion to accounting under the equity method. The reclassification of the unrealized gain was recorded to non-operating expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. |
| |
(2) | Includes $1.9 billion of deferred income tax expense primarily related to pension obligations that will not be recognized in net income until the pension obligations are fully extinguished. We consider all income sources, including other comprehensive income, in determining the amount of tax benefit allocated to continuing operations. |
NOTE 9. SEGMENTS
Refinery Operations
Our refinery segment operates for the benefit of the airline segment by providing jet fuel to the airline segment from its own production and through jet fuel obtained through agreements with third parties. The refinery's production consists of jet fuel, as well as gasoline, diesel and other refined products ("non-jet fuel products"). We use several counterparties to exchange the non-jet fuel products produced by the refinery for jet fuel consumed in our airline operations. The gross fair value of the products exchanged under these agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $733 million compared to $526 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Segment Reporting
Segment results are prepared based on our internal accounting methods described below, with reconciliations to consolidated amounts in accordance with GAAP. Our segments are not designed to measure operating income or loss directly related to the products and services included in each segment on a stand-alone basis. |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | Airline | Refinery | | Intersegment Sales/Other | | Consolidated |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 | | | | | | |
Operating revenue: | $ | 9,087 |
| $ | 1,128 |
| | | | $ | 9,148 |
|
Sales to airline segment | | | | $ | (190 | ) | (1) | |
Exchanged products | | | | (733 | ) | (2) | |
Sales of refined products | | | | (144 | ) | (3) | |
Operating income(4) | 1,009 |
| 44 |
| | — |
| | 1,053 |
|
Interest expense, net | 94 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 94 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 530 |
| 10 |
| | — |
| | 540 |
|
Total assets, end of period | 50,139 |
| 1,320 |
| | — |
| | 51,459 |
|
Capital expenditures | 776 |
| 26 |
| | — |
| | 802 |
|
| | | | | | |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 | | | | | | |
Operating revenue: | $ | 9,172 |
| $ | 765 |
| | | | $ | 9,251 |
|
Sales to airline segment | | | | $ | (144 | ) | (1) | |
Exchanged products | | | | (526 | ) | (2) | |
Sales of refined products | | | | (16 | ) | (3) | |
Operating income (loss)(4) | 1,568 |
| (28 | ) | | — |
| | 1,540 |
|
Interest expense, net | 107 |
| — |
| | — |
| | 107 |
|
Depreciation and amortization | 477 |
| 9 |
| | — |
| | 486 |
|
Total assets, end of period | 52,093 |
| 1,249 |
| | — |
| | 53,342 |
|
Capital expenditures | 858 |
| 13 |
| | — |
| | 871 |
|
| |
(1) | Represents transfers, valued on a market price basis, from the refinery to the airline segment for use in airline operations. We determine market price by reference to the market index for the primary delivery location, which is New York Harbor, for jet fuel from the refinery. |
| |
(2) | Represents value of products delivered under our exchange agreements, as discussed above, determined on a market price basis. |
| |
(3) | These sales were at or near cost; accordingly, the margin on these sales is de minimis. |
| |
(4) | Includes the impact of pricing arrangements between the airline and refinery segments with respect to the refinery's inventory price risk. |
NOTE 10. RESTRUCTURING
The following table shows the balances and activity for lease restructuring charges: |
| | | |
(in millions) | Lease Restructuring |
Liability as of January 1, 2017 | $ | 329 |
|
Payments | (21 | ) |
Additional expenses and other | (5 | ) |
Liability as of March 31, 2017 | $ | 303 |
|
Lease restructuring charges include remaining lease payments for permanently grounded aircraft related to domestic and Pacific fleet restructurings. We are continuing to restructure our domestic fleet by replacing a portion of our 50-seat regional fleet with more efficient and customer preferred CRJ-900 and B-717-200 aircraft and replacing older, less cost effective B-757-200 aircraft with B-737-900ER aircraft. We are also restructuring our Pacific fleet by removing less efficient B-747-400 aircraft by the end of 2017 and replacing them with smaller-gauge, widebody aircraft to better match capacity with demand.
NOTE 11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding restricted shares. We calculate diluted earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of outstanding share-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock awards. Antidilutive common stock equivalents excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation are not material. The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:
|
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in millions, except per share data) | 2017 | 2016 |
Net income | $ | 603 |
| $ | 946 |
|
| | |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 728 |
| 774 |
|
Dilutive effect of share-based awards | 3 |
| 6 |
|
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 731 |
| 780 |
|
| | |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.83 |
| $ | 1.22 |
|
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.82 |
| $ | 1.21 |
|
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
March 2017 Quarter Financial Highlights
Our pre-tax income for the March 2017 quarter was $915 million, representing a $519 million decrease compared to the corresponding prior year period due to lower passenger and other revenue and higher operating expenses including salaries and related costs, regional carriers expense and aircraft maintenance partially offset by reduced profit sharing expense.
Revenue. Our operating revenue decreased $103 million, or 1.1%, and passenger revenue per available seat mile ("PRASM") decreased 0.5% on 0.5% lower capacity compared to the March 2016 quarter, resulting primarily from weakness in the domestic close-in yield environment, despite improvement throughout the quarter.
Operating Expense. Total operating expense increased $384 million, and our consolidated operating cost per available seat mile ("CASM") increased 5.5% to 13.99 cents compared to the March 2016 quarter, primarily due to increases in salaries and related costs, regional carriers expense and aircraft maintenance, partially offset by a decrease in profit sharing expense. Salaries and related costs were higher as a result of contractual pay rate increases for pilots. The increase in regional carriers expense is primarily due to scheduled contract carrier rate escalations and aircraft maintenance. The increase in aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs expense primarily relates to the timing of maintenance events. The decrease in profit sharing expense is driven by lower pre-tax profit compared to the March 2016 quarter.
Non-fuel unit costs ("CASM-Ex, including profit sharing," a non-GAAP financial measure) increased 5.8% to 10.92 cents compared to the March 2016 quarter consistent with the increase in CASM, discussed above.
The non-GAAP financial measure for CASM-Ex, including profit sharing is defined and reconciled in "Supplemental Information" below.
Results of Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
Operating Revenue |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | % Increase (Decrease) |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 |
Passenger: | | | | |
Mainline | $ | 6,404 |
| $ | 6,444 |
| $ | (40 | ) | (0.6 | )% |
Regional carriers | 1,284 |
| 1,318 |
| (34 | ) | (2.6 | )% |
Total passenger revenue | 7,688 |
| 7,762 |
| (74 | ) | (1.0 | )% |
Cargo | 160 |
| 162 |
| (2 | ) | (1.2 | )% |
Other | 1,300 |
| 1,327 |
| (27 | ) | (2.0 | )% |
Total operating revenue | $ | 9,148 |
| $ | 9,251 |
| $ | (103 | ) | (1.1 | )% |
Passenger Revenue
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Increase (Decrease) vs. Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |
(in millions) | Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 | Passenger Revenue | RPMs (Traffic) | ASMs (Capacity) | Passenger Mile Yield | PRASM | Load Factor |
Mainline | $ | 4,252 |
| 1.0 | % | 2.9 | % | 2.1 | % | (1.8 | )% | (1.1 | )% | 0.6 |
| pts |
Regional carriers | 1,284 |
| (2.6 | )% | (1.3 | )% | (0.8 | )% | (1.3 | )% | (1.8 | )% | (0.4 | ) | pts |
Domestic | 5,536 |
| 0.1 | % | 2.2 | % | 1.6 | % | (2.0 | )% | (1.4 | )% | 0.5 |
| pts |
Atlantic | 882 |
| (4.0 | )% | (1.0 | )% | (3.6 | )% | (3.0 | )% | (0.5 | )% | 2.0 |
| pts |
Pacific | 550 |
| (13.7 | )% | (11.7 | )% | (10.1 | )% | (2.2 | )% | (3.9 | )% | (1.6 | ) | pts |
Latin America | 720 |
| 6.4 | % | 5.3 | % | 1.9 | % | 1.0 | % | 4.4 | % | 2.8 |
| pts |
Total | $ | 7,688 |
| (1.0 | )% | 0.5 | % | (0.5 | )% | (1.4 | )% | (0.5 | )% | 0.8 |
| pts |
Passenger revenue decreased $74 million, or 1.0%, compared to the March 2016 quarter. PRASM decreased 0.5% and passenger mile yield decreased 1.4% on 0.5% lower capacity. Load factor was 0.8 points higher than the prior year quarter at 82.9%.
Unit revenues of the domestic region decreased 1.4% resulting from weakness in the close-in yield environment, despite improvement throughout the quarter.
Revenues related to our international regions decreased 3.6% year-over-year primarily due to yield declines resulting from imbalances between supply and demand, principally in the Atlantic and Pacific regions, and the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.
In the Atlantic, the unit revenue decline predominantly resulted from lower yields driven by industry capacity growth, primarily from non-alliance carriers, and the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. In response to these challenges, we have maintained current capacity levels and expect to leverage our partners' hub positions in Europe's leading business markets through the remainder of 2017.
Unit revenue declines in the Pacific compared to the March 2016 quarter primarily resulted from yield and load factor declines driven by industry capacity growth in the region. We continue to optimize the Pacific region with a 10.1% reduction in capacity during the March 2017 quarter focused on underperforming markets as we seek to drive value from our Chinese and Korean partnerships. During the March 2017 quarter, we signed a memorandum of understanding to implement a joint venture arrangement with Korean Air to expand our trans-Pacific network, subject to regulatory approvals.
Unit revenues increased in Latin America principally as a result of continued unit revenue improvement in Brazil compared to the March 2016 quarter, related to both improved traffic and higher fares. This improvement was driven by the strengthening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar and additional connectivity for our customers provided by our partnership with GOL. Increased leisure traffic to Mexico and the Caribbean also contributed to the Latin America unit revenue improvement.
Other Revenue |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | % Increase (Decrease) |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 |
Loyalty programs | $ | 465 |
| $ | 425 |
| $ | 40 |
| 9.4 | % |
Administrative fees, club and on-board sales | 315 |
| 313 |
| 2 |
| 0.6 | % |
Ancillary businesses and refinery | 272 |
| 301 |
| (29 | ) | (9.6 | )% |
Baggage fees | 204 |
| 206 |
| (2 | ) | (1.0 | )% |
Other | 44 |
| 82 |
| (38 | ) | (46.3 | )% |
Total other revenue | $ | 1,300 |
| $ | 1,327 |
| $ | (27 | ) | (2.0 | )% |
Loyalty programs. We sell mileage credits to credit card companies, hotels and car rental agencies under marketing agreements. We allocate the consideration received from mileage credit sales to the individual products and services bundled with the sale based on their relative selling prices. We defer the travel component as part of frequent flyer deferred revenue and recognize passenger revenue as the mileage credits are redeemed for travel. The revenue allocated to the remaining deliverables (such as lounge access, baggage fee waivers and brand usage) is recorded in other revenue, as shown in the table above. We recognize the revenue for these services as they are performed.
The amount of loyalty program revenue can change based on the price paid for mileage credits, the volume of credits sold and our allocation of selling price to the individual products and services. Loyalty program revenue increased during the March 2017 quarter related to growth in our co-brand credit card partnership with American Express. Additional information about our frequent flyer program accounting policies can be found in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," in our Form 10-K.
Administrative fees, club and on-board sales. These revenues primarily relate to ticket change fees and also include fees collected for other travel-related services such as our unaccompanied minor program and SkyClub lounge memberships. We recognize revenue as these services are performed. A significant portion of these fees are performed in conjunction with the passenger’s flight.
Ancillary business and refinery. Ancillary business and refinery includes aircraft maintenance and staffing services we provide to third parties, our vacation wholesale operations and refinery sales to third parties. Ancillary business and refinery revenues are not related to the generation of a seat mile.
Baggage fees. The revenue amount shown above represents baggage fees that were sold as a separate component of the passenger’s ticket. Similar to administrative fees described above, baggage services are performed and earned in conjunction with the passenger’s flight.
Operating Expense
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | % Increase (Decrease) |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 |
Salaries and related costs | $ | 2,473 |
| $ | 2,311 |
| $ | 162 |
| 7.0 | % |
Aircraft fuel and related taxes | 1,240 |
| 1,227 |
| 13 |
| 1.1 | % |
Regional carriers expense | 1,110 |
| 1,006 |
| 104 |
| 10.3 | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 540 |
| 486 |
| 54 |
| 11.1 | % |
Contracted services | 523 |
| 476 |
| 47 |
| 9.9 | % |
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs | 518 |
| 449 |
| 69 |
| 15.4 | % |
Passenger commissions and other selling expenses | 404 |
| 388 |
| 16 |
| 4.1 | % |
Landing fees and other rents | 365 |
| 348 |
| 17 |
| 4.9 | % |
Passenger service | 220 |
| 189 |
| 31 |
| 16.4 | % |
Profit sharing | 151 |
| 272 |
| (121 | ) | (44.5 | )% |
Aircraft rent | 84 |
| 66 |
| 18 |
| 27.3 | % |
Other | 467 |
| 493 |
| (26 | ) | (5.3 | )% |
Total operating expense | $ | 8,095 |
| $ | 7,711 |
| $ | 384 |
| 5.0 | % |
Salaries and Related Costs. The increase in salaries and related costs is primarily due to contractual pay rate increases for pilots.
Aircraft Fuel and Related Taxes. Including our regional carriers, fuel expense increased $88 million compared to the prior year quarter due to an increase in the market price per gallon of fuel, partially offset by no recurrence of the hedge losses incurred in the prior year and an increase in Monroe's profitability. The table below presents fuel expense including our regional carriers:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Increase (Decrease) | % Increase (Decrease) |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 |
Aircraft fuel and related taxes(1) | $ | 1,240 |
| $ | 1,227 |
| $ | 13 |
| |
Aircraft fuel and related taxes included within regional carriers expense | 242 |
| 167 |
| 75 |
| |
Total fuel expense | $ | 1,482 |
| $ | 1,394 |
| $ | 88 |
| 6.3 | % |
| |
(1) | Includes the impact of fuel hedging and refinery results described further in the table below. |
The table below shows the impact of hedging and the refinery on fuel expense and average price per gallon, adjusted (non-GAAP financial measures):
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Average Price Per Gallon |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | Change | Three Months Ended March 31, | Change |
(in millions, except per gallon data) | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
Fuel purchase cost(1) | $ | 1,531 |
| $ | 1,093 |
| $ | 438 |
| $ | 1.68 |
| $ | 1.18 |
| $ | 0.50 |
|
Airline segment fuel hedge impact(2) | (5 | ) | 273 |
| (278 | ) | (0.01 | ) | 0.29 |
| (0.30 | ) |
Refinery segment impact(2) | (44 | ) | 28 |
| (72 | ) | (0.05 | ) | 0.03 |
| (0.08 | ) |
Total fuel expense | $ | 1,482 |
| $ | 1,394 |
| $ | 88 |
| $ | 1.62 |
| $ | 1.50 |
| $ | 0.12 |
|
MTM adjustments and settlements(3) | 84 |
| (155 | ) | 239 |
| 0.09 |
| (0.17 | ) | 0.26 |
|
Total fuel expense, adjusted | $ | 1,566 |
| $ | 1,239 |
| $ | 327 |
| $ | 1.71 |
| $ | 1.33 |
| $ | 0.38 |
|
| |
(1) | Market price for jet fuel at airport locations, including related taxes and transportation costs. |
| |
(2) | Includes the impact of pricing arrangements between the airline and refinery segments with respect to the refinery's inventory price risk. For additional information regarding the refinery segment impact, see "Refinery Segment" below. |
| |
(3) | MTM adjustments and settlements include the effects of the derivative transactions discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional information and the reason for adjusting fuel expense for MTM adjustments and settlements, see "Supplemental Information" below. |
Regional Carriers Expense. The increase in regional carriers expense is primarily due to scheduled contract carrier rate escalations and aircraft maintenance.
Depreciation and Amortization. The increase in depreciation and amortization is primarily driven by fleet-related investments, including fleet modification and aircraft purchases.
Contracted Services. The increase in contracted services expense predominantly relates to costs associated with additional in-flight and information technology services and property renovations.
Aircraft Maintenance Materials and Outside Repairs. Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs consist of costs associated with the maintenance of aircraft used in our operations and costs associated with maintenance sales to third parties by our maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") business. The increase in aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs expense primarily relates to the timing of maintenance events.
Passenger Service. Passenger service expense includes the costs of onboard food and beverage, cleaning and supplies. The increase in passenger service expense predominantly relates to costs associated with enhancements to our onboard product offering.
Profit Sharing. The decrease in profit sharing expense is driven by lower pre-tax profit compared to the March 2016 quarter.
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Non-Operating Results | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
(in millions) | 2017 | 2016 | Favorable/(Unfavorable) |
Interest expense, net | $ | (94 | ) | $ | (107 | ) | $ | 13 |
|
Miscellaneous, net | (44 | ) | 1 |
| (45 | ) |
Total non-operating expense, net | $ | (138 | ) | $ | (106 | ) | $ | (32 | ) |
The decline in interest expense, net results from the refinancing of debt obligations at lower interest rates. At December 31, 2016, the principal amount of debt and capital leases was $7.4 billion. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we issued $2.0 billion of unsecured notes. As a result of the debt issuance, the principal amount of debt and capital leases increased to $9.3 billion at March 31, 2017.
In the three months ended March 31, 2017, miscellaneous, net is unfavorable primarily due to our proportionate share of losses from our equity investment in Virgin Atlantic compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
Income Taxes
We project that our annual effective tax rate for 2017 will be between 34% and 35%. In certain interim periods, we may have adjustments to our net deferred tax assets as a result of changes in prior year estimates and tax laws enacted during the period, which will impact the effective tax rate for that interim period.
Refinery Segment
The refinery primarily produces gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Non-jet fuel products the refinery produces are exchanged with third parties for jet fuel consumed in our airline operations. The jet fuel produced and procured through exchanging gasoline and diesel fuel produced by the refinery provides approximately 180,000 barrels per day for use in our airline operations. We believe that the jet fuel supply resulting from the refinery's operation has contributed to the reduction in the market price of jet fuel, and thus lowered our cost of jet fuel compared to what it otherwise would have been.
The refinery recorded operating revenues of $1.1 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared to $765 million in the same period for 2016. Operating revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2017 were composed of $733 million of non-jet fuel products exchanged with third parties to procure jet fuel, $190 million of sales of jet fuel to the airline segment and $144 million of sales of refined products. Refinery revenues increased compared to the prior year due to stronger pricing of refined products throughout the oil industry.
The refinery recorded a profit of $44 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to a loss of $28 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016. The refinery's profit in the current period was primarily due to increased crack spreads, lower crude costs and lower RINs costs.
A refinery is subject to annual EPA requirements to blend renewable fuels into the gasoline and on-road diesel fuel it produces. Alternatively, a refinery may purchase renewable energy credits, called Renewable Identification Numbers ("RINs"), from third parties in the secondary market. The refinery, operated by Monroe, purchases the majority of its RINs requirement in the secondary market. We recognized $7 million and $28 million of expense related to the RINs requirement in the March 2017 and 2016 quarters, respectively. RINs expense decreased during the current period primarily as a result of lower market prices on industry speculation about changes in compliance-related regulations.
For more information regarding the refinery's results, see Note 9 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating Statistics
|
| | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
Consolidated(1) | 2017 | 2016 |
Revenue passenger miles (in millions) | 47,952 |
| 47,725 |
|
Available seat miles (in millions) | 57,871 |
| 58,145 |
|
Passenger mile yield |
| 16.03 | ¢ |
| 16.26 | ¢ |
PRASM |
| 13.28 | ¢ |
| 13.35 | ¢ |
CASM |
| 13.99 | ¢ |
| 13.26 | ¢ |
CASM-Ex, including profit sharing(2) |
| 10.92 | ¢ |
| 10.33 | ¢ |
Passenger load factor | 82.9 | % | 82.1 | % |
Fuel gallons consumed (in millions) | 918 |
| 930 |
|
Average price per fuel gallon(3) | $ | 1.62 |
| $ | 1.50 |
|
Average price per fuel gallon, adjusted(3)(4) | $ | 1.71 |
| $ | 1.33 |
|
Full-time equivalent employees, end of period | 85,214 |
| 83,817 |
|
| |
(1) | Includes the operations of our regional carriers under capacity purchase agreements. Full-time equivalent employees exclude employees of non-owned regional carriers. |
| |
(2) | Non-GAAP financial measure defined and reconciled to CASM in "Supplemental Information" below. |
| |
(3) | Includes the impact of fuel hedge activity and refinery segment results. |
| |
(4) | Non-GAAP financial measure defined and reconciled to average fuel price per gallon in "Results of Operations" for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. |
Fleet Information
Our operating aircraft fleet and commitments at March 31, 2017 are summarized in the following table:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Current Fleet(1) | | Commitments |
Aircraft Type | Owned | Capital Lease | Operating Lease | Total | Average Age | Purchase | Options |
B-717-200 | 3 |
| 13 |
| 75 |
| 91 |
| 15.6 | — |
| — |
|
B-737-700 | 10 |
| — |
| — |
| 10 |
| 8.2 | — |
| — |
|
B-737-800 | 73 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 77 |
| 15.5 | — |
| — |
|
B-737-900ER | 44 |
| — |
| 31 |
| 75 |
| 1.9 | 55 |
| — |
|
B-747-400 | 4 |
| 3 |
| — |
| 7 |
| 25.7 | — |
| — |
|
B-757-200 | 83 |
| 17 |
| 4 |
| 104 |
| 20.0 | — |
| — |
|
B-757-300 | 16 |
| — |
| — |
| 16 |
| 14.1 | — |
| — |
|
B-767-300 | 4 |
| — |
| — |
| 4 |
| 21.0 | — |
| — |
|
B-767-300ER | 54 |
| 4 |
| — |
| 58 |
| 21.0 | — |
| — |
|
B-767-400ER | 21 |
| — |
| — |
| 21 |
| 16.1 | — |
| — |
|
B-777-200ER | 8 |
| — |
| — |
| 8 |
| 17.2 | — |
| — |
|
B-777-200LR | 10 |
| — |
| — |
| 10 |
| 8.0 | — |
| — |
|
A319-100 | 55 |
| — |
| 2 |
| 57 |
| 15.1 | — |
| — |
|
A320-200 | 61 |
| — |
| 7 |
| 68 |
| 22.0 | — |
| — |
|
A321-200 | 8 |
| — |
| 10 |
| 18 |
| 0.6 | 64 |
| — |
|
A330-200 | 11 |
| — |
| — |
| 11 |
| 12.0 | — |
| — |
|
A330-300 | 27 |
| — |
| 3 |
| 30 |
| 8.5 | 1 |
| — |
|
A330-900neo | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — | 25 |
| — |
|
A350-900 | |