UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended October 2, 2015
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-02217
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 58-0628465 (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |
One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia (Address of principal executive offices) | 30313 (Zip Code) | |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o | ||
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o | ||
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.
Class of Common Stock | Outstanding at October 26, 2015 | |
$0.25 Par Value | 4,348,985,156 Shares | |
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
Table of Contents
Page Number | ||
Item 1. | ||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income Three and nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 | ||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Three and nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 | ||
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014 | ||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 | ||
Item 2. | ||
Item 3. | ||
Item 4. | ||
Item 1. | ||
Item 1A. | ||
Item 2. | ||
Item 6. | ||
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains information that may constitute "forward-looking statements." Generally, the words "believe," "expect," "intend," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "will" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. However, the absence of these words or similar expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. All statements that address operating performance, events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future — including statements relating to volume growth, share of sales and earnings per share growth, and statements expressing general views about future operating results — are forward-looking statements. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made. Our Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our Company's historical experience and our present expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Part II, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions except per share data)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||||||
NET OPERATING REVENUES | $ | 11,427 | $ | 11,976 | $ | 34,294 | $ | 35,126 | |||||
Cost of goods sold | 4,577 | 4,630 | 13,428 | 13,532 | |||||||||
GROSS PROFIT | 6,850 | 7,346 | 20,866 | 21,594 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,207 | 4,507 | 12,490 | 12,880 | |||||||||
Other operating charges | 264 | 128 | 1,166 | 457 | |||||||||
OPERATING INCOME | 2,379 | 2,711 | 7,210 | 8,257 | |||||||||
Interest income | 155 | 169 | 459 | 436 | |||||||||
Interest expense | 138 | 113 | 713 | 344 | |||||||||
Equity income (loss) — net | 200 | 205 | 402 | 530 | |||||||||
Other income (loss) — net | (871 | ) | (312 | ) | 709 | (630 | ) | ||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 1,725 | 2,660 | 8,067 | 8,249 | |||||||||
Income taxes | 272 | 538 | 1,937 | 1,896 | |||||||||
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME | 1,453 | 2,122 | 6,130 | 6,353 | |||||||||
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 4 | 8 | 16 | 25 | |||||||||
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY | $ | 1,449 | $ | 2,114 | $ | 6,114 | $ | 6,328 | |||||
BASIC NET INCOME PER SHARE1 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 1.44 | |||||
DILUTED NET INCOME PER SHARE1 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 1.39 | $ | 1.42 | |||||
DIVIDENDS PER SHARE | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.305 | $ | 0.99 | $ | 0.915 | |||||
AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING | 4,349 | 4,383 | 4,357 | 4,392 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities | 50 | 62 | 53 | 62 | |||||||||
AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING ASSUMING DILUTION | 4,399 | 4,445 | 4,410 | 4,454 | |||||||||
1 Calculated based on net income attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company.
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME | $ | 1,453 | $ | 2,122 | $ | 6,130 | $ | 6,353 | |||||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustment | (1,266 | ) | (1,232 | ) | (3,544 | ) | (1,284 | ) | |||||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives | (236 | ) | 278 | 65 | 98 | ||||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities | (608 | ) | 74 | (1,701 | ) | 723 | |||||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities | 24 | 24 | 129 | 48 | |||||||||
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | (633 | ) | 1,266 | 1,079 | 5,938 | ||||||||
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (5 | ) | 9 | 1 | 21 | ||||||||
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY | $ | (628 | ) | $ | 1,257 | $ | 1,078 | $ | 5,917 | ||||
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions except par value)
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||
ASSETS | ||||||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,983 | $ | 8,958 | ||
Short-term investments | 9,177 | 9,052 | ||||
TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS | 19,160 | 18,010 | ||||
Marketable securities | 3,614 | 3,665 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances of $361 and $331, respectively | 4,028 | 4,466 | ||||
Inventories | 2,910 | 3,100 | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 3,029 | 3,066 | ||||
Assets held for sale | 3,853 | 679 | ||||
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | 36,594 | 32,986 | ||||
EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS | 12,504 | 9,947 | ||||
OTHER INVESTMENTS | 2,430 | 3,678 | ||||
OTHER ASSETS | 4,446 | 4,407 | ||||
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, less accumulated depreciation of $10,020 and $10,625, respectively | 12,615 | 14,633 | ||||
TRADEMARKS WITH INDEFINITE LIVES | 6,032 | 6,533 | ||||
BOTTLERS' FRANCHISE RIGHTS WITH INDEFINITE LIVES | 6,133 | 6,689 | ||||
GOODWILL | 11,357 | 12,100 | ||||
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS | 897 | 1,050 | ||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 93,008 | $ | 92,023 | ||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | ||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 9,877 | $ | 9,234 | ||
Loans and notes payable | 17,545 | 19,130 | ||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | 2,692 | 3,552 | ||||
Accrued income taxes | 383 | 400 | ||||
Liabilities held for sale | 1,048 | 58 | ||||
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | 31,545 | 32,374 | ||||
LONG-TERM DEBT | 25,949 | 19,063 | ||||
OTHER LIABILITIES | 4,194 | 4,389 | ||||
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 5,053 | 5,636 | ||||
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY | ||||||
Common stock, $0.25 par value; Authorized — 11,200 shares; Issued — 7,040 and 7,040 shares, respectively | 1,760 | 1,760 | ||||
Capital surplus | 13,715 | 13,154 | ||||
Reinvested earnings | 65,209 | 63,408 | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (10,813 | ) | (5,777 | ) | ||
Treasury stock, at cost — 2,698 and 2,674 shares, respectively | (43,822 | ) | (42,225 | ) | ||
EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO SHAREOWNERS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY | 26,049 | 30,320 | ||||
EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS | 218 | 241 | ||||
TOTAL EQUITY | 26,267 | 30,561 | ||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | $ | 93,008 | $ | 92,023 | ||
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
Nine Months Ended | ||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | |||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 6,130 | $ | 6,353 | ||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,443 | 1,477 | ||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 171 | 143 | ||||
Deferred income taxes | 212 | (179 | ) | |||
Equity (income) loss — net of dividends | (150 | ) | (259 | ) | ||
Foreign currency adjustments | (76 | ) | 305 | |||
Significant (gains) losses on sales of assets — net | (550 | ) | 410 | |||
Other operating charges | 697 | 192 | ||||
Other items | 859 | 38 | ||||
Net change in operating assets and liabilities | (346 | ) | (501 | ) | ||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 8,390 | 7,979 | ||||
INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Purchases of investments | (12,006 | ) | (14,098 | ) | ||
Proceeds from disposals of investments | 10,403 | 9,558 | ||||
Acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities | (2,489 | ) | (343 | ) | ||
Proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities | 416 | 73 | ||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (1,670 | ) | (1,618 | ) | ||
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment | 50 | 150 | ||||
Other investing activities | (117 | ) | (280 | ) | ||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (5,413 | ) | (6,558 | ) | ||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ||||||
Issuances of debt | 34,298 | 33,292 | ||||
Payments of debt | (30,159 | ) | (28,494 | ) | ||
Issuances of stock | 732 | 1,058 | ||||
Purchases of stock for treasury | (1,966 | ) | (2,963 | ) | ||
Dividends | (4,313 | ) | (2,680 | ) | ||
Other financing activities | 230 | (409 | ) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (1,178 | ) | (196 | ) | ||
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (774 | ) | (555 | ) | ||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) during the period | 1,025 | 670 | ||||
Balance at beginning of period | 8,958 | 10,414 | ||||
Balance at end of period | $ | 9,983 | $ | 11,084 | ||
Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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THE COCA-COLA COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Coca-Cola Company for the year ended December 31, 2014.
When used in these notes, the terms "The Coca-Cola Company," "Company," "we," "us" or "our" mean The Coca-Cola Company and all entities included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2015. Sales of our nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverages are somewhat seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters accounting for the highest sales volumes. The volume of sales in the beverage business may be affected by weather conditions.
Each of our interim reporting periods, other than the fourth interim reporting period, ends on the Friday closest to the last day of the corresponding quarterly calendar period. The third quarter of 2015 and 2014 ended on October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014, respectively. Our fourth interim reporting period and our fiscal year end on December 31 regardless of the day of the week on which December 31 falls.
Advertising Costs
The Company's accounting policy related to advertising costs for annual reporting purposes, as disclosed in Note 1 of our 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K, is to expense production costs of print, radio, television and other advertisements as of the first date the advertisements take place. All other marketing expenditures are expensed in the annual period in which the expenditure is incurred.
For interim reporting purposes, we allocate our estimated full year marketing expenditures that benefit multiple interim periods to each of our interim reporting periods. We use the proportion of each interim period's actual unit case volume to the estimated full year unit case volume as the basis for the allocation. This methodology results in our marketing expenditures being recognized at a standard rate per unit case. At the end of each interim reporting period, we review our estimated full year unit case volume and our estimated full year marketing expenditures in order to evaluate if a change in estimate is necessary. The impact of any changes in these full year estimates is recognized in the interim period in which the change in estimate occurs. Our full year marketing expenditures are not impacted by this interim accounting policy.
Hyperinflationary Economies
A hyperinflationary economy is one that has cumulative inflation of 100 percent or more over a three-year period. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, local subsidiaries in hyperinflationary economies are required to use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency and remeasure the monetary assets and liabilities not denominated in U.S. dollars using the rate applicable to conversion of a currency for purposes of dividend remittances. All exchange gains and losses resulting from remeasurement are recognized currently in income.
Venezuela has been designated as a hyperinflationary economy. Beginning in the first quarter of 2014, the Venezuelan government recognized three legal exchange rates to convert bolivars to the U.S. dollar: (1) the official rate of 6.3 bolivars per U.S. dollar; (2) SICAD 1, which was available to foreign investments and designated industry sectors to exchange a limited volume of bolivars for U.S. dollars using a bid rate established at weekly auctions; and (3) SICAD 2, which applied to transactions that did not qualify for either the official rate or SICAD 1. As of March 28, 2014, the three legal exchange rates were 6.3 (official rate), 10.8 (SICAD 1) and 50.9 (SICAD 2). We determined that the SICAD 1 rate was the most appropriate rate to use for remeasurement given our circumstances and estimates of the applicable rate at which future transactions could be settled, including the payment of dividends. Therefore, as of March 28, 2014, we remeasured the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary using an exchange rate of 10.8 bolivars per U.S. dollar, resulting in a charge of $226 million recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statement of income.
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In December 2014, due to the continued lack of liquidity and increasing economic uncertainty, the Company reevaluated the rate that should be used to remeasure the monetary assets and liabilities of our Venezuelan subsidiary. As of December 31, 2014, we determined that the SICAD 2 rate of 50 bolivars per U.S. dollar was the most appropriate legally available rate to remeasure the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary.
In February 2015, the Venezuelan government merged SICAD 1 and SICAD 2 into a single mechanism called SICAD and introduced a new open market exchange system, SIMADI. During the three months ended April 3, 2015, management determined that the SIMADI rate as of April 3, 2015 of 193 bolivars per U.S. dollar was the most appropriate legally available rate and remeasured the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary, resulting in a charge of $27 million recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statement of income.
In addition to the foreign currency exchange exposure related to our Venezuelan subsidiary's net monetary assets, we also sell concentrate to our bottling partner in Venezuela from outside the country. These sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. During the three months ended April 3, 2015, as a result of the continued lack of liquidity and our revised assessment of our bottling partner's ability to convert Venezuelan bolivars into U.S. dollars to pay our concentrate and other receivables at exchange rates applicable at the time of the underlying transactions, we recorded a write-down of $56 million in the line item other operating charges in our condensed consolidated statement of income.
We also have certain U.S. dollar denominated intangible assets associated with products sold in Venezuela. As a result of the Company's revised expectations regarding the convertibility of the local currency, we recognized impairment charges of $3 million and $55 million during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015, respectively, recorded in the line item other operating charges in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
During the three months ended October 2, 2015, the Company continued to use the SIMADI rate to remeasure the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary. As of October 2, 2015, the combined value of the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary, the receivables from our bottling partner in Venezuela and the intangible assets associated with products sold in Venezuela was $97 million. Included in this combined value is $14 million of cash and cash equivalents. Despite the additional currency conversion mechanisms, the Company's ability to pay dividends from Venezuela is still restricted due to the low volume of U.S. dollars available for conversion. If the bolivar devalues further, it would likely result in our Company recognizing additional foreign currency exchange losses, write-downs of receivables or impairment charges, and our proportionate share of any charges recorded by our equity method investee that has operations in Venezuela.
Recently Issued Accounting Guidance
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP and is intended to improve and converge with international standards the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosures about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments. ASU 2014-09 allows for both retrospective and prospective methods of adoption and is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, which changes the guidance for evaluating whether to consolidate certain legal entities. Specifically, the amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities ("VIEs") or voting interest entities. Additionally, the amendments eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, and affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. ASU 2015-02 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and early adoption is permitted, including adoption during an interim period. Companies have an option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption approach. The Company does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2015-02 will have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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NOTE 2: ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Acquisitions
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, our Company's acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $2,489 million, which primarily related to our strategic partnership with Monster Beverage Corporation ("Monster") and an investment in a bottling partner in Indonesia that is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The bottling partner in Indonesia is a subsidiary of Coca-Cola Amatil Limited, an equity method investee. We also acquired the remaining outstanding shares of a bottling partner in South Africa ("South African bottler"), which was previously accounted for as an equity method investment. We remeasured our previously held equity interest in the South African bottler to fair value upon the close of the transaction and recorded a loss on the remeasurement of $19 million during the nine months ended October 2, 2015. This bottler will be included in the Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited transaction discussed further below.
During the nine months ended September 26, 2014, our Company's acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $343 million, which primarily included a joint investment with one of our bottling partners in a dairy company in Ecuador, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.
Monster Beverage Corporation
On August 14, 2014, the Company and Monster entered into definitive agreements for a long-term strategic relationship in the global energy drink category. The transaction contemplated under these agreements (the "Monster Transaction") closed on June 12, 2015. As a result of the Monster Transaction, (1) the Company purchased newly issued shares of Monster common stock representing approximately 16.7 percent of the outstanding shares of Monster common stock (after giving effect to the new issuance); (2) the Company sold its global energy drink business (including NOS, Full Throttle, Burn, Mother, Play and Power Play, and Relentless) to Monster, and the Company acquired Monster's non-energy drink business (including Hansen's Natural Sodas, Peace Tea, Hubert's Lemonade and Hansen's Juice Products); and (3) the parties amended their distribution coordination agreements to expand distribution of Monster products into additional territories pursuant to long-term agreements with the Company's existing network of Company-owned or -controlled bottling operations and distribution partners. The Coca-Cola system also became Monster's preferred global distribution partner. The Company made a net cash payment of $2,150 million to Monster, of which $125 million is being held in escrow, subject to release upon achievement of milestones relating to the transfer of Monster's domestic distribution rights to our distribution network.
The Monster Transaction consisted of multiple elements including the purchase of common stock, the acquisition and divestiture of businesses and the expansion of distribution territories. When consideration transferred is not solely in the form of cash, measurement is based on either the cost to the acquiring entity (the fair value of the assets given) or the fair value of the assets acquired, whichever is more clearly evident and, thus, more reliably measurable. As the majority of the consideration transferred was cash, we believe the fair value of the consideration transferred is more reliably measurable. The consideration transferred consists of $2,150 million of cash (including $125 million in escrow) and the fair value of our global energy business of $2,046 million, which we determined using discounted cash flow analyses, resulting in total consideration transferred of $4,196 million. As such, we have allocated the total consideration transferred to the individual assets and business acquired based on a relative fair value basis, using the closing date fair values of each element, as follows (in millions):
June 12, 2015 | |||
Equity investment in Monster | $ | 3,066 | |
Expansion of distribution territories | 1,035 | ||
Monster non-energy drink business | 95 | ||
Total assets and business acquired | $ | 4,196 | |
In addition to our ownership interest in Monster's outstanding common stock, the Company is represented by two directors on Monster's 10 member Board of Directors. Based on our equity ownership percentage, the significance that our expanded distribution and coordination agreements have on Monster's operations, and our representation on Monster's Board of Directors, the Company is accounting for its interest in Monster as an equity method investment.
As a result of the Monster Transaction, the North America Coca-Cola system obtained the right to distribute Monster products in territories for which it was not previously the authorized distributor ("expanded territories"). These distribution rights are governed by an agreement with an initial term of 20 years, after which it will continue to remain in effect unless otherwise terminated by either party and there are no future costs of renewal. As such, these rights were determined to be indefinite-lived intangible assets and are classified in the line item bottlers' franchise rights with indefinite lives in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our consolidated organization responsible for our North America bottling operations and product supply chain functions for the North America market, called Coca-Cola Refreshments ("CCR"), is the distributor in the majority of the
8
expanded territories. The remainder of the territories are serviced by independent bottling partners. Of the $1,035 million allocated to the expanded distribution rights, the Company derecognized $341 million related to the expanded territories serviced by the independent bottling partners. As consideration for these rights, the Company received an up-front payment of $28 million and we will receive a payment per case on all future sales made by these independent bottlers for the duration of the distribution agreements. As these payments are dependent on future sales, they are a form of contingent consideration. We elected to account for this consideration in the same manner as the contingent consideration to be received in the North America refranchising, discussed below. This resulted in a net loss of $313 million recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statement of income during the nine months ended October 2, 2015.
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recognized a gain of $1,715 million on the sale of our global energy drink business, primarily due to the difference in the recorded carrying value of the assets transferred, including an allocated portion of goodwill, compared to the value of the total assets and business acquired. After considering the loss resulting from the derecognition of the expanded territory rights serviced by the independent bottling partners, the net gain recognized on the Monster Transaction was $1,402 million, which was recorded in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statement of income. Additionally, under the terms of the Monster Transaction, we are required to discontinue selling energy products under certain trademarks, including one trademark in the glacéau portfolio. The Company recognized an impairment charge of $380 million upon closing, primarily related to the discontinuation of the energy products in the glacéau portfolio, which was recorded in the line item other operating charges in our condensed consolidated statement of income.
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, based on the relative fair values of the total assets and business acquired, $1,620 million of the $2,150 million cash payment made was classified in the line item acquisitions of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. The remaining $530 million was classified in the line item other investing activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
Keurig Green Mountain, Inc.
In February 2014, the Company and Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc., now known as Keurig Green Mountain, Inc. ("Keurig"), entered into a 10-year global strategic agreement to collaborate on the development and introduction of the Company's global brand portfolio for use in the Keurig® KOLDTM at-home beverage system. Under the agreement, the companies will cooperate to bring the Keurig® KOLDTM beverage system to consumers around the world, and Keurig will be the Company's exclusive partner for the production and sale of our branded single-serve, pod-based cold beverages. Together we will also explore other future opportunities to collaborate on the Keurig® platform. In an effort to align long-term interests, we also entered into an agreement to purchase a 10 percent equity position in Keurig, and on February 27, 2014, the Company purchased the newly issued shares in Keurig for approximately $1,265 million, including transaction costs of $14 million. In May 2014, the Company purchased additional shares of Keurig in the market for $302 million, which represented an additional 2 percent equity position in Keurig.
Subsequent to these purchases, the Company entered into an agreement with Credit Suisse Capital LLC ("CS") to purchase additional shares of Keurig which would increase the Company's equity position to a 16 percent interest based on the total number of issued and outstanding shares of Keurig as of May 1, 2014. Under the agreement, the Company was to purchase from CS, on a date selected by CS no later than February 2015, the lesser of (1) 6.5 million shares of Keurig or (2) the number of shares that shall cause our ownership to equal 16 percent. The purchase price per share was the average of the daily volume-weighted average price per share from May 15, 2014, to the date selected by CS, as adjusted in certain circumstances specified in the agreement. CS had exclusive ownership and control over any such shares until delivered to the Company. In February 2015, the Company purchased 6.4 million shares from CS under this agreement for a total purchase price of $830 million. As this agreement qualified as a derivative, we recognized a loss of $58 million in the line item other income (loss) — net in the condensed consolidated statement of income during the nine months ended October 2, 2015. The Company recognized a cumulative loss of $47 million in the line item other income (loss) — net in the condensed consolidated statement of income over the term of the agreement.
We account for the investment in Keurig as an available-for-sale security, which is included in the line item other investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The purchases of the shares were included in the line item purchases of investments in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, net of any related derivative impact. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.
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Coca-Cola Erfrischungsgetränke AG
In conjunction with the Company's acquisition of 18 German bottling operations in 2007, the former owners received put options to sell their respective shares in Coca-Cola Erfrischungsgetränke AG back to the Company. During the nine months ended September 26, 2014, the Company paid $503 million to purchase these shares, which was included in the line item other financing activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, and now owns 100 percent of the bottling operations in Germany.
Divestitures
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $416 million, which included proceeds from the refranchising of certain of our territories in North America and proceeds from the sale of a 10 percent interest in a Brazilian bottling partner as a result of the majority owners exercising their right to acquire additional shares from us.
During the nine months ended September 26, 2014, proceeds from disposals of businesses, equity method investments and nonmarketable securities totaled $73 million, which represented the proceeds from the refranchising of certain of our territories in North America.
North America Refranchising
In conjunction with implementing a new beverage partnership model in North America, the Company refranchised territories that were previously managed by CCR to certain of our unconsolidated bottling partners. These territories generally border these bottlers' existing territories, allowing each bottler to better service local customers and provide more efficient execution. Through the execution of comprehensive beverage agreements ("CBAs") with each of the bottlers, we granted certain exclusive territory rights for the distribution, promotion, marketing and sale of Company-owned and licensed beverage products as defined by the CBA. Under the arrangement for these territories, CCR retains the rights to produce these beverage products and the bottlers will purchase from CCR substantially all of the related finished products needed in order to service the customers in these territories. Each CBA generally has a term of 10 years and is renewable by the bottler indefinitely for successive additional terms of 10 years each. Under the CBA, the bottlers will make ongoing quarterly payments to CCR based on their future gross profit in these territories throughout the term of the CBA, including renewals, in exchange for the grant of the exclusive territory rights.
Contemporaneously with the grant of these rights, the Company sold the distribution assets, certain working capital items, and the exclusive rights to distribute certain beverage brands not owned by the Company, but distributed by CCR, in each of these territories to the respective bottlers in exchange for cash. During the nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014, cash proceeds from these sales totaled $217 million and $68 million, respectively. Included in the cash proceeds for the nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 was $51 million and $12 million, respectively, from Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated ("CCBCC"), an equity method investee. Under the applicable accounting guidance, we were required to derecognize all of the tangible assets sold as well as the intangible assets transferred, including distribution rights, customer relationships and an allocated portion of goodwill related to these territories. We recognized losses of $794 million and $827 million during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2014, the Company recognized losses of $270 million and $410 million, respectively. These losses primarily related to the derecognition of the intangible assets transferred or reclassified as held for sale, and were included in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statements of income. See further discussion of assets and liabilities held for sale below. We expect to recover the value of the intangible assets transferred to the bottlers under the CBAs through the future quarterly payments; however, as the payments for the territory rights are dependent on the bottlers' future gross profit in these territories, they are considered a form of contingent consideration.
There is diversity in practice as it relates to the accounting for contingent consideration by the seller. The seller can account for the future contingent payments received as a gain contingency, recognizing the amounts in the income statement only after the related contingencies are resolved and the gain is realized, which in this arrangement will be quarterly as the bottlers earn gross profit in the transferred territories. Alternatively, the seller can record a receivable for the contingent consideration at fair value on the date of sale and record any future differences between the payments received and this receivable in the income statement as they occur. We elected the gain contingency treatment since the quarterly payments will be received throughout the terms of the CBAs, including all subsequent renewals, regardless of the cumulative amount received as compared to the value of the intangible assets transferred.
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Brazilian Bottling Operations
In 2013, the Company deconsolidated its Brazilian bottling operations and combined them with an independent bottler in Brazil in exchange for cash and a 44 percent minority ownership interest in the newly combined entity. The owners of the majority interest have the option to acquire from us up to 24 percent of the new entity's outstanding shares at any time for a period of six years beginning December 31, 2013, based on an agreed-upon formula. In December 2014, the Company received notification that the owners of the majority interest had exercised their option to acquire from us a 10 percent interest in the entity's outstanding shares. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded an estimated loss of $32 million as a result of the exercise price being lower than our carrying value. The transaction closed in January 2015, and the Company recorded an additional loss of $6 million during the nine months ended October 2, 2015, calculated based on the final option price. As a result of the transaction, the Company's ownership was reduced to 34 percent of the entity's outstanding shares. The owners of the majority interest have a remaining option to acquire from us an additional 14 percent interest of the entity's outstanding shares at any time through December 31, 2019, based on an agreed-upon formula.
Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale
North America Refranchising
As of October 2, 2015, the Company had entered into agreements to refranchise additional territories in North America. These territories met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, and we were required to record their assets and liabilities at the lower of carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell based on the agreed-upon sale price. The Company expects these transactions to close at various times between the fourth quarter of 2015 and the third quarter of 2016.
Coca-Cola European Partners
In August 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to merge our German bottling operations with Coca-Cola Enterprises, Inc. ("CCE") and Coca-Cola Iberian Partners SA ("CCIP") to create Coca-Cola European Partners ("CCEP"), the world's largest independent Coca-Cola bottler based on net revenues. At closing, the Company will own 18 percent of CCEP, which we anticipate accounting for as an equity method investment based on our equity ownership percentage, our representation on CCEP's Board of Directors and other governance rights. The Boards of Directors of the Company, CCE and CCIP have approved the transaction. The proposed merger is subject to approval by CCE's shareowners, receipt of regulatory clearances and other customary conditions. The merger is expected to close in the second quarter of 2016. As a result of this agreement, our German bottling operations met the criteria to be classified as held for sale as of October 2, 2015, and therefore we were required to present the related assets and liabilities as separate line items in our consolidated balance sheet. As we anticipate recognizing a gain upon the close of this transaction, no write-down to fair value was required.
Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited
In November 2014, the Company, SAB Miller plc, and Gutsche Family Investments announced an agreement to combine the bottling operations of their nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverage businesses in Southern and East Africa. Upon completion of the proposed merger, the Company will have an ownership of 11 percent in the bottler, which will be called Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited. The Company will also acquire or license several brands in exchange for cash as a result of the transaction. As of October 2, 2015, our South African bottling operations, including the newly acquired South African bottler, and a related equity method investment met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, but we were not required to record these assets and liabilities at fair value less any costs to sell because their fair value exceeded our carrying value. The Company expects the transaction to close in the first quarter of 2016, subject to regulatory approval. Based on the proposed governance structure, the Company expects to account for its resulting interest in the new entity as an equity method investment.
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The following table presents information related to the major classes of assets and liabilities that were classified as held for sale in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | $ | 157 | $ | 30 | ||||
Trade accounts receivable, less allowances | 445 | 100 | ||||||
Inventories | 298 | 54 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 82 | 7 | ||||||
Equity method investments | 96 | 141 | ||||||
Other assets | 29 | 3 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment — net | 1,871 | 303 | ||||||
Trademarks with indefinite lives | — | 43 | ||||||
Bottlers' franchise rights with indefinite lives | 1,177 | 410 | ||||||
Goodwill | 373 | 46 | ||||||
Other intangible assets | 124 | 36 | ||||||
Allowance for reduction of assets held for sale | (799 | ) | (494 | ) | ||||
Total assets | $ | 3,853 | 1 | $ | 679 | 3 | ||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 670 | $ | 48 | ||||
Accrued income taxes | 1 | — | ||||||
Long-term debt | 40 | — | ||||||
Other liabilities | 101 | 6 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 236 | 4 | ||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 1,048 | 2 | $ | 58 | 4 | ||
1 Consists of total assets relating to CCEP of $2,932 million, North America refranchising of $471 million, Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited of $408 million and other assets held for sale of $42 million, which are included in the Europe, North America, Eurasia and Africa, Bottling Investments and Corporate operating segments.
2 | Consists of total liabilities relating to CCEP of $869 million, North America refranchising of $97 million and Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited of $82 million, which are included in the Europe, North America, Eurasia and Africa, and Bottling Investments operating segments. |
3 Consists of total assets relating to North America refranchising of $223 million, Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited of $333 million, the Monster Transaction of $43 million, and other assets held for sale of $80 million, which are included in the North America, Eurasia and Africa, Bottling Investments and Corporate operating segments.
4 | Consists of total liabilities relating to North America refranchising of $22 million and Coca-Cola Beverages Africa Limited of $36 million, which are included in the North America, Eurasia and Africa, and Bottling Investments operating segments. |
We determined that the operations included in the table above did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations under the applicable guidance.
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NOTE 3: INVESTMENTS
Investments in debt and marketable securities, other than investments accounted for under the equity method, are classified as trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Our marketable equity investments are classified as either trading or available-for-sale with their cost basis determined by the specific identification method. Our investments in debt securities are carried at either amortized cost or fair value. Investments in debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are carried at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity. Investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are carried at fair value and classified as either trading or available-for-sale. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading securities and realized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are included in net income. Unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, on available-for-sale securities are included in our consolidated balance sheets as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), except for the change in fair value attributable to the currency risk being hedged. Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the Company's fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities.
Trading Securities
As of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our trading securities had a fair value of $319 million and $409 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of equity securities. The Company had net unrealized gains on trading securities of $14 million and $40 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company's trading securities were included in the following line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||
Marketable securities | $ | 227 | $ | 315 | ||
Other assets | 92 | 94 | ||||
Total trading securities | $ | 319 | $ | 409 | ||
Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities
As of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company did not have any held-to-maturity securities. As of October 2, 2015, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Gross Unrealized | |||||||||||||
Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities:1 | |||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | 3,586 | $ | 363 | $ | (1,028 | ) | $ | 2,921 | ||||
Debt securities | 3,615 | 70 | (20 | ) | 3,665 | ||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 7,201 | $ | 433 | $ | (1,048 | ) | $ | 6,586 | ||||
1 Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
As of December 31, 2014, available-for-sale securities consisted of the following (in millions):
Gross Unrealized | |||||||||||||
Cost | Gains | Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities:1 | |||||||||||||
Equity securities | $ | 2,687 | $ | 1,463 | $ | (29 | ) | $ | 4,121 | ||||
Debt securities | 3,796 | 68 | (106 | ) | 2 | 3,758 | |||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 6,483 | $ | 1,531 | $ | (135 | ) | $ | 7,879 | ||||
1 Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
2 Includes $101 million recognized in the condensed consolidated income statement line item other income (loss) — net during the year ended December 31, 2014. The amount was primarily offset by changes in the fair value of foreign currency contracts designated as fair value hedges. Refer to Note 5 for additional information.
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Management assessed each of the available-for-sale securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position on an individual basis to determine if the decline in fair value was other than temporary. Management's assessment as to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than our cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. As a result of these assessments, management determined that the decline in fair value of these investments was not other than temporary and did not record any impairment charges.
Included in the gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities as of October 2, 2015 is $966 million related to our investment in Keurig. Our investment in Keurig has been in a continuous unrealized loss position since July 3, 2015.
In February 2014, we entered into a 10-year global strategic agreement with Keurig to collaborate on the development and introduction of our global brand portfolio for use in the Keurig® KOLD™ at-home beverage system. Under the terms of the agreement, the companies will cooperate to bring the Keurig® KOLD™ beverage system to consumers around the world, and Keurig will be the Company's exclusive partner for the production and sale of our branded single-serve, pod-based cold beverages. Together we will also explore future opportunities to collaborate on the Keurig® platform. In an effort to align our long-term interests, we acquired a 16 percent equity position in Keurig. Under our agreement with Keurig, we are not permitted to dispose of our Keurig shares before the end of February 2017. As of October 2, 2015, the cost basis of our equity position in Keurig was $2,354 million.
In reaching our conclusion that the decline in fair value of our investment in Keurig was not other than temporary, we considered several factors. Our investment in Keurig has only been in a continuous unrealized loss position since July 3, 2015, a relatively short period of time. Keurig’s stock price over the last several years has been volatile and Keurig's brewer sales are seasonal, with sales heavily weighted to the holiday season. Keurig has significant growth potential in new markets, including the launch of the new Keurig® KOLD™ home beverage system. We also considered Keurig's recently announced $300 million multi-year productivity initiative and incremental $1 billion share repurchase authorization and noted that Keurig's current valuation is at the low end of comparable company multiples.
Keurig has stated that a primary factor impacting its 2015 operating results was lower than expected brewer sales during the 2014 holiday season, and the impact of that on subsequent pod sales. The lower than expected 2014 holiday brewer sales resulted in part from consumer confusion over the pod compatibility with the new 2.0 brewing system and from the recall of Keurig® MINI Plus brewers. The holiday season historically represents about half of full year Keurig brewer unit sales at retail. Pod sales during the year following each holiday season are highly correlated to the household penetration of brewers. In Keurig's business model, substantially all of the profit is derived from the sale of pods rather than the sale of brewers. Therefore, the weaker than expected 2014 holiday season brewer sales resulted in lower than expected pod sales volume throughout 2015. Keurig has disclosed that it is addressing the issues that caused the weaker than expected 2014 holiday season brewer unit sales and anticipates better 2015 brewer unit sales. Assuming the historical correlation between pod sales and household penetration continues into future periods, higher unit sales of brewers at retail in the 2015 holiday season should result in increased pod sales in 2016. Considering the short duration of the continuous unrealized loss, we believe results of the 2015 holiday season will provide additional insight to determine if the impairment is other than temporary.
We also considered the views of the industry analysts who cover Keurig. While the current average 12-month price targets of these analysts do not project a stock price appreciation sufficient to recover our unrealized loss, several of these analysts note that the results of the next several quarters will provide insight into whether or not the prior year Keurig hot system issues are systemic as well as an early view of consumer adoption of Keurig® KOLD™.
As noted above, we are contractually obligated to hold our shares at least through February 2017. We entered into a 10-year global strategic agreement with Keurig, and we believe owning a significant equity interest in Keurig assists in keeping our long-term interests aligned.
We will continue to monitor our investments and evaluate whether any impairments are other than temporary.
The sale and/or maturity of available-for-sale securities resulted in the following realized activity (in millions):
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||||||
Gross gains | $ | 44 | $ | 9 | $ | 85 | $ | 25 | |||||
Gross losses | (15 | ) | (3 | ) | (27 | ) | (16 | ) | |||||
Proceeds | 1,016 | 1,260 | 3,320 | 3,442 | |||||||||
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The Company uses two of its insurance captives to reinsure group annuity insurance contracts that cover the pension obligations of certain of our European and Canadian pension plans. In accordance with local insurance regulations, our insurance captive is required to meet and maintain minimum solvency capital requirements. The Company elected to invest its solvency capital in a portfolio of available-for-sale securities, which are classified in the line item other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets because the assets are not available to satisfy our current obligations. As of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company's available-for-sale securities included solvency capital funds of $795 million and $836 million, respectively.
The Company's available-for-sale securities were included in the following line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 45 | $ | 43 | ||
Marketable securities | 3,387 | 3,350 | ||||
Other investments | 2,239 | 3,512 | ||||
Other assets | 915 | 974 | ||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 6,586 | $ | 7,879 | ||
The contractual maturities of these available-for-sale securities as of October 2, 2015 were as follows (in millions):
Cost | Fair Value | |||||
Within 1 year | $ | 1,516 | $ | 1,516 | ||
After 1 year through 5 years | 1,694 | 1,721 | ||||
After 5 years through 10 years | 117 | 129 | ||||
After 10 years | 288 | 299 | ||||
Equity securities | 3,586 | 2,921 | ||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 7,201 | $ | 6,586 | ||
The Company expects that actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities above because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.
Cost Method Investments
Cost method investments are initially recorded at cost, and we record dividend income when applicable dividends are declared. Cost method investments are reported as other investments in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and dividend income from cost method investments is reported in other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statements of income. We review all of our cost method investments quarterly to determine if impairment indicators are present; however, we are not required to determine the fair value of these investments unless impairment indicators exist. When impairment indicators exist, we generally use discounted cash flow analyses to determine the fair value. We estimate that the fair values of our cost method investments approximated or exceeded their carrying values as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Our cost method investments had a carrying value of $191 million and $166 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
NOTE 4: INVENTORIES
Inventories consist primarily of raw materials and packaging (which include ingredients and supplies) and finished goods (which include concentrates and syrups in our concentrate operations and finished beverages in our finished product operations). Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. We determine cost on the basis of the average cost or first-in, first-out methods. Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||
Raw materials and packaging | $ | 1,505 | $ | 1,615 | ||
Finished goods | 1,095 | 1,134 | ||||
Other | 310 | 351 | ||||
Total inventories | $ | 2,910 | $ | 3,100 | ||
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NOTE 5: HEDGING TRANSACTIONS AND DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is directly and indirectly affected by changes in certain market conditions. These changes in market conditions may adversely impact the Company's financial performance and are referred to as "market risks." When deemed appropriate, our Company uses derivatives as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. The primary market risks managed by the Company through the use of derivative and non-derivative financial instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and interest rate risk.
The Company uses various types of derivative instruments including, but not limited to, forward contracts, commodity futures contracts, option contracts, collars and swaps. Forward contracts and commodity futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell a quantity of a currency or commodity at a predetermined future date, and at a predetermined rate or price. An option contract is an agreement that conveys the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a quantity of a currency or commodity at a predetermined rate or price during a period or at a time in the future. A collar is a strategy that uses a combination of options to limit the range of possible positive or negative returns on an underlying asset or liability to a specific range, or to protect expected future cash flows. To do this, an investor simultaneously buys a put option and sells (writes) a call option, or alternatively buys a call option and sells (writes) a put option. A swap agreement is a contract between two parties to exchange cash flows based on specified underlying notional amounts, assets and/or indices. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The Company may also designate certain non-derivative instruments, such as our foreign-denominated debt, in hedging relationships.
All derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets in the following line items, as applicable: prepaid expenses and other assets; other assets; accounts payable and accrued expenses; and other liabilities. The carrying values of the derivative instruments reflect the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. These master netting agreements allow the Company to net settle positive and negative positions (assets and liabilities) arising from different transactions with the same counterparty.
The accounting for gains and losses that result from changes in the fair values of derivative instruments depends on whether the derivatives have been designated and qualify as hedging instruments and the type of hedging relationships. Derivatives can be designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. The changes in the fair values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify for fair value hedge accounting are recorded in the same line item in our condensed consolidated statements of income as the changes in the fair values of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged. The changes in the fair values of derivatives that have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into the line item in our condensed consolidated statement of income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. Due to the high degree of effectiveness between the hedging instruments and the underlying exposures being hedged, fluctuations in the values of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the fair values or cash flows of the underlying exposures being hedged. The changes in fair values of derivatives that were not designated and/or did not qualify as hedging instruments are immediately recognized into earnings.
For derivatives that will be accounted for as hedging instruments, the Company formally designates and documents, at inception, the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, the risk management objective and the strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. In addition, the Company formally assesses, both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, whether the financial instruments used in hedging transactions are effective at offsetting changes in either the fair values or cash flows of the related underlying exposures. Any ineffective portion of a financial instrument's change in fair value is immediately recognized into earnings.
The Company determines the fair values of its derivatives based on quoted market prices or pricing models using current market rates. Refer to Note 14. The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a direct measure of our exposure to the financial risks described above. The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or other financial indices. The Company does not view the fair values of its derivatives in isolation, but rather in relation to the fair values or cash flows of the underlying hedged transactions or other exposures. Virtually all of our derivatives are straightforward over-the-counter instruments with liquid markets.
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The following table presents the fair values of the Company's derivative instruments that were designated and qualified as part of a hedging relationship (in millions):
Fair Value1,2 | |||||||
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments | Balance Sheet Location1 | October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||
Assets: | |||||||
Foreign currency contracts | Prepaid expenses and other assets | $ | 644 | $ | 923 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other assets | 443 | 346 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other assets | 24 | 14 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Other assets | 88 | 146 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 1,199 | $ | 1,429 | |||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Foreign currency contracts | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 29 | $ | 24 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other liabilities | 44 | 249 | ||||
Commodity contracts | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 1 | 1 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 14 | 11 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Other liabilities | 263 | 35 | ||||
Total liabilities | $ | 351 | $ | 320 | |||
1 All of the Company's derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets after considering the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. Current disclosure requirements mandate that derivatives must also be disclosed without reflecting the impact of master netting agreements and cash collateral. Refer to Note 14 for the net presentation of the Company's derivative instruments.
2 Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
The following table presents the fair values of the Company's derivative instruments that were not designated as hedging instruments (in millions):
Fair Value1,2 | |||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Balance Sheet Location1 | October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||
Assets: | |||||||
Foreign currency contracts | Prepaid expenses and other assets | $ | 59 | $ | 44 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other assets | 239 | 231 | ||||
Commodity contracts | Prepaid expenses and other assets | 7 | 9 | ||||
Commodity contracts | Other assets | 1 | 1 | ||||
Other derivative instruments | Prepaid expenses and other assets | 2 | 14 | ||||
Other derivative instruments | Other assets | — | 2 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 308 | $ | 301 | |||
Liabilities: | |||||||
Foreign currency contracts | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 20 | $ | 33 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other liabilities | 2 | 21 | ||||
Commodity contracts | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 153 | 156 | ||||
Commodity contracts | Other liabilities | 31 | 17 | ||||
Interest rate contracts | Other liabilities | 2 | 2 | ||||
Other derivative instruments | Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 27 | 11 | ||||
Other derivative instruments | Other liabilities | 20 | — | ||||
Total liabilities | $ | 255 | $ | 240 | |||
1 All of the Company's derivative instruments are carried at fair value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets after considering the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties, as applicable. Current disclosure requirements mandate that derivatives must also be disclosed without reflecting the impact of master netting agreements and cash collateral. Refer to Note 14 for the net presentation of the Company's derivative instruments.
2 Refer to Note 14 for additional information related to the estimated fair value.
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Credit Risk Associated with Derivatives
We have established strict counterparty credit guidelines and enter into transactions only with financial institutions of investment grade or better. We monitor counterparty exposures regularly and review any downgrade in credit rating immediately. If a downgrade in the credit rating of a counterparty were to occur, we have provisions requiring cash collateral in for substantially all of our transactions. To mitigate presettlement risk, minimum credit standards become more stringent as the duration of the derivative financial instrument increases. In addition, the Company's master netting agreements reduce credit risk by permitting the Company to net settle for transactions with the same counterparty. To minimize the concentration of credit risk, we enter into derivative transactions with a portfolio of financial institutions. Based on these factors, we consider the risk of counterparty default to be minimal.
Cash Flow Hedging Strategy
The Company uses cash flow hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows of assets or liabilities or forecasted transactions caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices or interest rates. The changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in AOCI and are reclassified into the line item in our condensed consolidated statement of income in which the hedged items are recorded in the same period the hedged items affect earnings. The changes in fair values of hedges that are determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from AOCI into earnings. The maximum length of time for which the Company hedges its exposure to future cash flows is typically three years.
The Company maintains a foreign currency cash flow hedging program to reduce the risk that our eventual U.S. dollar net cash inflows from sales outside the United States and U.S. dollar net cash outflows from procurement activities will be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into forward contracts and purchase foreign currency options (principally euros and Japanese yen) and collars to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against the foreign currencies, the decline in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is partially offset by gains in the fair value of the derivative instruments. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is partially offset by losses in the fair value of the derivative instruments. The total notional values of derivatives that were designated and qualified for the Company's foreign currency cash flow hedging program were $11,715 million and $13,224 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company uses cross-currency swaps to hedge the changes in cash flows of certain of its foreign currency denominated debt due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For this hedging program, the Company records the change in carrying value of the foreign currency denominated debt due to changes in exchange rates into earnings each period. The changes in fair value of the cross-currency swap derivatives are recorded in AOCI with an immediate reclassification into earnings for the change in fair value attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. These swaps had a notional amount of $2,590 million as of December 31, 2014. During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company discontinued the cash flow hedge relationships related to these swaps. Upon discontinuance, the Company recognized a loss of $92 million in other comprehensive income, which will be reclassified from AOCI into interest expense over the remaining life of the debt, a weighted-average period of approximately 10 years. The Company did not discontinue any cash flow hedging relationships during the nine months ended September 26, 2014. During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company entered into new cross-currency swaps, which had a notional value of $566 million as of October 2, 2015.
The Company has entered into commodity futures contracts and other derivative instruments on various commodities to mitigate the price risk associated with forecasted purchases of materials used in our manufacturing process. These derivative instruments have been designated and qualify as part of the Company's commodity cash flow hedging program. The objective of this hedging program is to reduce the variability of cash flows associated with future purchases of certain commodities. The total notional values of derivatives that were designated and qualified for the Company's commodity cash flow hedging program were $6 million and $9 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Our Company monitors our mix of short-term debt and long-term debt regularly. From time to time, we manage our risk to interest rate fluctuations through the use of derivative financial instruments. The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements and has designated these instruments as part of the Company's interest rate cash flow hedging program. The objective of this hedging program is to mitigate the risk of adverse changes in benchmark interest rates on the Company's future interest payments. The total notional values of these interest rate swap agreements that were designated and qualified for the Company's interest rate cash flow hedging program were $4,829 million and $4,328 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
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The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on AOCI and earnings during the three months ended October 2, 2015 (in millions):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income ("OCI") | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income1 | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 1 | Net operating revenues | $ | 170 | $ | — | 2 | |||
Foreign currency contracts | 22 | Cost of goods sold | 16 | — | 2 | ||||||
Foreign currency contracts | — | Interest expense | (3 | ) | — | ||||||
Interest rate contracts | (223 | ) | Interest expense | 1 | (3 | ) | |||||
Commodity contracts | (1 | ) | Cost of goods sold | (1 | ) | — | |||||
Total | $ | (201 | ) | $ | 183 | $ | (3 | ) | |||
1 The Company records gains and losses reclassified from AOCI into income for the effective portion and the ineffective portion, if any, to the same line items in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
2 Includes a de minimis amount of ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship.
The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on AOCI and earnings during the nine months ended October 2, 2015 (in millions):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income1 | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 727 | Net operating revenues | $ | 468 | $ | — | 2 | |||
Foreign currency contracts | 52 | Cost of goods sold | 44 | — | 2 | ||||||
Foreign currency contracts | 18 | Interest expense | (7 | ) | — | ||||||
Interest rate contracts | (187 | ) | Interest expense | (2 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Commodity contracts | (2 | ) | Cost of goods sold | (2 | ) | — | |||||
Total | $ | 608 | $ | 501 | $ | (3 | ) | ||||
1 The Company records gains and losses reclassified from AOCI into income for the effective portion and the ineffective portion, if any, to the same line items in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
2 Includes a de minimis amount of ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship.
The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on AOCI and earnings during the three months ended September 26, 2014 (in millions):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income1 | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 490 | Net operating revenues | $ | 19 | $ | — | ||||
Foreign currency contracts | 36 | Cost of goods sold | 5 | — | 2 | ||||||
Foreign currency contracts | (93 | ) | Other income (loss) — net | (52 | ) | — | |||||
Interest rate contracts | (9 | ) | Interest expense | — | — | ||||||
Commodity contracts | — | Cost of goods sold | 1 | — | |||||||
Total | $ | 424 | $ | (27 | ) | $ | — | ||||
1 The Company records gains and losses reclassified from AOCI into income for the effective portion and the ineffective portion, if any, to the same line items in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
2 Includes a de minimis amount of ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship.
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The following table presents the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges had on AOCI and earnings during the nine months ended September 26, 2014 (in millions):
Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income1 | Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 378 | Net operating revenues | $ | 62 | $ | — | 2 | |||
Foreign currency contracts | 15 | Cost of goods sold | 25 | — | 2 | ||||||
Foreign currency contracts | (93 | ) | Other income (loss) — net | (52 | ) | — | |||||
Interest rate contracts | (100 | ) | Interest expense | — | — | ||||||
Commodity contracts | 1 | Cost of goods sold | 2 | — | |||||||
Total | $ | 201 | $ | 37 | $ | — | |||||
1 The Company records gains and losses reclassified from AOCI into income for the effective portion and the ineffective portion, if any, to the same line items in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
2 Includes a de minimis amount of ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship.
As of October 2, 2015, the Company estimates that it will reclassify into earnings during the next 12 months $618 million of gains from the pretax amount recorded in AOCI as the anticipated cash flows occur.
Fair Value Hedging Strategy
The Company uses interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges to minimize exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate debt that results from fluctuations in benchmark interest rates. The Company also uses cross-currency interest rate swaps to hedge the changes in the fair value of foreign currency denominated debt relating to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and benchmark interest rates. The changes in fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the offsetting changes in fair values of the hedged items are recognized in earnings. The ineffective portions of these hedges are immediately recognized in earnings. As of October 2, 2015, such adjustments had cumulatively increased the carrying value of our long-term debt by $20 million. When a derivative is no longer designated as a fair value hedge for any reason, including termination and maturity, the remaining unamortized difference between the carrying value of the hedged item at that time and the par value of the hedged item is amortized to earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item, or immediately if the hedged item has matured. The total notional values of derivatives that related to our fair value hedges of this type were $9,147 million and $6,600 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company also uses fair value hedges to minimize exposure to changes in the fair value of certain available-for-sale securities from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The changes in fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the offsetting changes in fair values of the hedged items are recognized in earnings. As a result, any difference is reflected in earnings as ineffectiveness. The total notional values of derivatives that related to our fair value hedges of this type were $1,479 million and $1,358 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The following table summarizes the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges had on earnings during the three months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 (in millions):
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income 1 | |||||
Three Months Ended | |||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense | $ | 151 | $ | (36 | ) | |
Fixed-rate debt | Interest expense | (152 | ) | 44 | |||
Net impact to interest expense | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 8 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other income (loss) — net | $ | 82 | $ | 12 | ||
Available-for-sale securities | Other income (loss) — net | (87 | ) | (18 | ) | ||
Net impact to other income (loss) — net | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | |
Net impact of fair value hedging instruments | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 2 | ||
1 The net impacts represent the ineffective portions of the hedge relationships and the amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
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The following table summarizes the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as fair value hedges had on earnings during the nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014 (in millions):
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income 1 | |||||
Nine Months Ended | |||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense | $ | (71 | ) | $ | (10 | ) |
Fixed-rate debt | Interest expense | 79 | 29 | ||||
Net impact to interest expense | $ | 8 | $ | 19 | |||
Foreign currency contracts | Other income (loss) — net | $ | 217 | $ | (7 | ) | |
Available-for-sale securities | Other income (loss) — net | (231 | ) | (10 | ) | ||
Net impact to other income (loss) — net | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (17 | ) | |
Net impact of fair value hedging instruments | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 2 | ||
1 The net impacts represent the ineffective portions of the hedge relationships and the amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations Strategy
The Company uses forward contracts and non-derivative financial instruments to protect the value of our investments in a number of foreign subsidiaries. During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company designated a portion of its euro-denominated debt as a hedge of a net investment in our European operations. The change in the carrying value of the designated portion of the euro-denominated debt due to changes in exchange rates is recorded in net foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of AOCI. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedges of net investments in foreign operations, the changes in fair values of the derivative instruments are recognized in net foreign currency translation adjustment, to offset the changes in the values of the net investments being hedged. Any ineffective portions of net investment hedges are reclassified from AOCI into earnings during the period of change.
The following table summarizes the notional values and pretax impact of changes in the fair values of instruments designated as net investment hedges (in millions):
Notional Amount | Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI | |||||||||||||||||||
as of | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 1,657 | $ | 2,047 | $ | 274 | $ | 134 | $ | 680 | $ | (8 | ) | |||||||
Foreign currency denominated debt | 11,420 | — | (104 | ) | — | (386 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 13,077 | $ | 2,047 | $ | 170 | $ | 134 | $ | 294 | $ | (8 | ) | |||||||
The Company did not reclassify any deferred gains or losses related to net investment hedges from AOCI into earnings during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014. In addition, the Company did not have any ineffectiveness related to net investment hedges during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015 and September 26, 2014. The cash inflows and outflows associated with the Company's derivative contracts designated as net investment hedges are classified in the line item other investing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Economic (Nondesignated) Hedging Strategy
In addition to derivative instruments that are designated and qualify for hedge accounting, the Company also uses certain derivatives as economic hedges to primarily manage foreign currency, interest rate and commodity exposure. Although these derivatives were not designated and/or did not qualify for hedge accounting, they are effective economic hedges. The changes in fair values of economic hedges are immediately recognized into earnings.
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The Company uses foreign currency economic hedges to offset the earnings impact that fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have on certain monetary assets and liabilities denominated in nonfunctional currencies. The changes in fair values of economic hedges used to offset those monetary assets and liabilities are immediately recognized into earnings in the line item other income (loss) — net in our condensed consolidated statements of income. In addition, we use foreign currency economic hedges to minimize the variability in cash flows associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The changes in fair values of economic hedges used to offset the variability in U.S. dollar net cash flows are recognized into earnings in the line items net operating revenues or cost of goods sold in our condensed consolidated statements of income, as applicable. The total notional values of derivatives related to our foreign currency economic hedges were $4,228 million and $4,334 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The Company also uses certain derivatives as economic hedges to mitigate the price risk associated with the purchase of materials used in the manufacturing process and for vehicle fuel. The changes in fair values of these economic hedges are immediately recognized into earnings in the line items net operating revenues, cost of goods sold, and selling, general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of income, as applicable. The total notional values of derivatives related to our economic hedges of this type were $1,212 million and $816 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
The following tables present the pretax impact that changes in the fair values of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments had on earnings (in millions):
Three Months Ended | |||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||
Foreign currency contracts | Net operating revenues | $ | 34 | $ | 6 | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Other income (loss) — net | (26 | ) | (70 | ) | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Cost of goods sold | 2 | — | ||||
Commodity contracts | Net operating revenues | (9 | ) | (9 | ) | ||
Commodity contracts | Cost of goods sold | (133 | ) | 25 | |||
Commodity contracts | Selling, general and administrative expenses | (14 | ) | (15 | ) | ||
Other derivative instruments | Selling, general and administrative expenses | (12 | ) | 3 | |||
Other derivative instruments | Other income (loss) — net | (24 | ) | 18 | |||
Total | $ | (182 | ) | $ | (42 | ) | |
Nine Months Ended | |||||||
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||
Foreign currency contracts | Net operating revenues | $ | 43 | $ | (12 | ) | |
Foreign currency contracts | Other income (loss) — net | (75 | ) | (47 | ) | ||
Foreign currency contracts | Cost of goods sold | 3 | — | ||||
Commodity contracts | Net operating revenues | (8 | ) | (9 | ) | ||
Commodity contracts | Cost of goods sold | (152 | ) | 60 | |||
Commodity contracts | Selling, general and administrative expenses | (13 | ) | (14 | ) | ||
Other derivative instruments | Selling, general and administrative expenses | (11 | ) | 17 | |||
Other derivative instruments | Other income (loss) — net | (86 | ) | 26 | |||
Total | $ | (299 | ) | $ | 21 | ||
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NOTE 6: DEBT AND BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company issued SFr1,325 million and €8,500 million of long-term debt. The carrying value of this debt as of October 2, 2015 was $10,887 million. The general terms of the notes issued are as follows:
• | SFr200 million total principal amount of notes due October 2, 2017, at a fixed interest rate of 0.00 percent; |
• | SFr550 million total principal amount of notes due December 22, 2022, at a fixed interest rate of 0.25 percent; |
• | SFr575 million total principal amount of notes due October 2, 2028, at a fixed interest rate of 1.00 percent; |
• | €2,000 million total principal amount of notes due March 9, 2017, at a variable interest rate equal to the three-month Euro Interbank Offered Rate ("EURIBOR") plus 0.15 percent; |
• | €2,000 million total principal amount of notes due September 9, 2019, at a variable interest rate equal to the three-month EURIBOR plus 0.23 percent; |
• | €1,500 million total principal amount of notes due March 9, 2023, at a fixed interest rate of 0.75 percent; |
• | €1,500 million total principal amount of notes due March 9, 2027, at a fixed interest rate of 1.125 percent; and |
• | €1,500 million total principal amount of notes due March 9, 2035, at a fixed interest rate of 1.625 percent. |
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company retired $2,500 million of long-term debt upon maturity. The Company also extinguished $2,039 million of long-term debt prior to maturity, incurring associated charges of $320 million recorded in the line item interest expense in our condensed consolidated statement of income. These charges included the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt extinguished, including the impact of the related fair value hedging relationship. The general terms of the notes that were extinguished are as follows:
• | $1,148 million total principal amount of notes due November 15, 2017, at a fixed interest rate of 5.35 percent; and |
• | $891 million total principal amount of notes due March 15, 2019, at a fixed interest rate of 4.875 percent. |
NOTE 7: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Guarantees
As of October 2, 2015, we were contingently liable for guarantees of indebtedness owed by third parties of $502 million, of which $240 million related to variable interest entities. These guarantees are primarily related to third-party customers, bottlers, vendors and container manufacturing operations and have arisen through the normal course of business. These guarantees have various terms, and none of these guarantees was individually significant. The amount represents the maximum potential future payments that we could be required to make under the guarantees; however, we do not consider it probable that we will be required to satisfy these guarantees.
We believe our exposure to concentrations of credit risk is limited due to the diverse geographic areas covered by our operations.
Legal Contingencies
The Company is involved in various legal proceedings. We establish reserves for specific legal proceedings when we determine that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management has also identified certain other legal matters where we believe an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and/or for which no estimate of possible losses can be made. Management believes that the total liabilities to the Company that may arise as a result of currently pending legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company taken as a whole.
Tax Audits
The Company is involved in various tax matters, with respect to some of which the outcome is uncertain. We establish reserves to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that it becomes uncertain based upon one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is not "more likely than not" to be sustained, (2) the tax position is "more likely than not" to be sustained, but for a lesser amount, or (3) the tax position is "more likely than not" to be sustained, but not in the financial period in which the tax position was originally taken. For purposes of evaluating whether or not a tax position is uncertain, (1) we presume the tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information; (2) the technical merits of a tax position are derived from authorities such as legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law and their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position; and (3) each tax position is evaluated without consideration of the possibility of offset or aggregation with other tax positions taken. A number of years may elapse before a particular uncertain tax position is audited and finally resolved or when a tax assessment is raised. The number of years subject to tax assessments varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The tax benefit that has been previously reserved because of a failure to meet the "more likely than not" recognition threshold would be
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recognized in our income tax expense in the first interim period when the uncertainty disappears under any one of the following conditions: (1) the tax position is "more likely than not" to be sustained, (2) the tax position, amount, and/or timing is ultimately settled through negotiation or litigation, or (3) the statute of limitations for the tax position has expired. Refer to Note 13.
On September 17, 2015, the Company received a Statutory Notice of Deficiency ("Notice") from the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") for the tax years 2007 through 2009, after a five-year audit. In the Notice, the IRS claims that the Company's United States taxable income should be increased by an amount that creates a potential additional federal income tax liability of approximately $3.3 billion for the period, plus interest. No penalties were asserted. The disputed amounts largely relate to a transfer pricing matter involving the appropriate amount of taxable income the Company should report in the United States in connection with its licensing of intangible property to certain related foreign licensees regarding the manufacturing, distribution, sale, marketing and promotion of products in overseas markets.
The Company has followed the same transfer pricing methodology for these licenses since the methodology was agreed with the IRS in a 1996 closing agreement that applied back to 1987. The closing agreement provides prospective penalty protection as long as the Company follows the prescribed methodology, and the Company has continued to abide by its terms for all subsequent years. The Company's compliance with the closing agreement was audited and confirmed by the IRS in five successive audit cycles covering the subsequent 11 years through 2006, with the last audit concluding as recently as 2009.
The IRS provided the Company no economist's report or other detailed explanation for the asserted adjustments until approximately two weeks before the issuance of the Notice. The Company has also been notified by the IRS that this matter has been designated for litigation. Therefore, the Company will be prevented from pursuing any administrative settlement at IRS Appeals or under the IRS Advanced Pricing and Mutual Agreement Program.
The Company firmly believes that the assessments are without merit and plans to pursue all available administrative and judicial remedies necessary to resolve this matter. Initially, the Company expects to file a petition in the United States Tax Court challenging the Notice. The Company intends to vigorously defend its position and is confident in its ability to prevail on the merits. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from examinations such as this to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves. The Company believes that the final adjudication of this matter will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows and that it has adequate tax reserves for all tax matters. However, the ultimate outcome of disputes of this nature is uncertain, and if the IRS were to prevail on its assertions, the assessed tax and deficiency interest could have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Risk Management Programs
The Company has numerous global insurance programs in place to help protect the Company from the risk of loss. In general, we are self-insured for large portions of many different types of claims; however, we do use commercial insurance above our self-insured retentions to reduce the Company's risk of catastrophic loss. Our reserves for the Company's self-insured losses are estimated using actuarial methods and assumptions of the insurance industry, adjusted for our specific expectations based on our claim history. Our self-insurance reserves totaled $549 million and $530 million as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
NOTE 8: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following table summarizes the allocation of total comprehensive income between shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company and noncontrolling interests (in millions):
Nine Months Ended October 2, 2015 | |||||||||
Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company | Noncontrolling Interests | Total | |||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 6,114 | $ | 16 | $ | 6,130 | |||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustment | (3,529 | ) | (15 | ) | (3,544 | ) | |||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives1 | 65 | — | 65 | ||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities2 | (1,701 | ) | — | (1,701 | ) | ||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities | 129 | — | 129 | ||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 1,078 | $ | 1 | $ | 1,079 | |||
1 Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments.
2 Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to the net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities.
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The following tables present OCI attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company, including our proportionate share of equity method investees' OCI (in millions):
Three Months Ended October 2, 2015 | Before-Tax Amount | Income Tax | After-Tax Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
Translation adjustment arising during the period | $ | (1,279 | ) | $ | 22 | $ | (1,257 | ) | |||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | — | — | — | ||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (1,279 | ) | 22 | (1,257 | ) | ||||||
Derivatives: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (200 | ) | 79 | (121 | ) | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (183 | ) | 68 | (115 | ) | ||||||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives1 | (383 | ) | 147 | (236 | ) | ||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (606 | ) | 13 | (593 | ) | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (29 | ) | 14 | (15 | ) | ||||||
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities2 | (635 | ) | 27 | (608 | ) | ||||||
Pension and other benefit liabilities: | |||||||||||
Net pension and other benefits arising during the period | (7 | ) | 1 | (6 | ) | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 47 | (17 | ) | 30 | |||||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities3 | 40 | (16 | ) | 24 | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Coca-Cola Company | $ | (2,257 | ) | $ | 180 | $ | (2,077 | ) | |||
1 | Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments. |
2 | Includes reclassification adjustments related to divestitures of certain available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to these divestitures. |
3 | Refer to Note 12 for additional information related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities. |
Nine Months Ended October 2, 2015 | Before-Tax Amount | Income Tax | After-Tax Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
Translation adjustment arising during the period | $ | (3,664 | ) | $ | 86 | $ | (3,578 | ) | |||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 63 | (14 | ) | 49 | |||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (3,601 | ) | 72 | (3,529 | ) | ||||||
Derivatives: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 606 | (229 | ) | 377 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (501 | ) | 189 | (312 | ) | ||||||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives1 | 105 | (40 | ) | 65 | |||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | (2,034 | ) | 369 | (1,665 | ) | ||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (58 | ) | 22 | (36 | ) | ||||||
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities2 | (2,092 | ) | 391 | (1,701 | ) | ||||||
Pension and other benefit liabilities: | |||||||||||
Net pension and other benefits arising during the period | 53 | (15 | ) | 38 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 142 | (51 | ) | 91 | |||||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities3 | 195 | (66 | ) | 129 | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Coca-Cola Company | $ | (5,393 | ) | $ | 357 | $ | (5,036 | ) | |||
1 | Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments. |
2 | Includes reclassification adjustments related to divestitures of certain available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to these divestitures. |
3 | Refer to Note 12 for additional information related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities. |
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Three Months Ended September 26, 2014 | Before-Tax Amount | Income Tax | After-Tax Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
Translation adjustment arising during the period | $ | (1,166 | ) | $ | (67 | ) | $ | (1,233 | ) | ||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | — | — | — | ||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (1,166 | ) | (67 | ) | (1,233 | ) | |||||
Derivatives: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 419 | (157 | ) | 262 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 27 | (11 | ) | 16 | |||||||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives1 | 446 | (168 | ) | 278 | |||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 177 | (99 | ) | 78 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (6 | ) | 2 | (4 | ) | ||||||
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities2 | 171 | (97 | ) | 74 | |||||||
Pension and other benefit liabilities: | |||||||||||
Net pension and other benefits arising during the period | 19 | (4 | ) | 15 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 14 | (5 | ) | 9 | |||||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities3 | 33 | (9 | ) | 24 | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Coca-Cola Company | $ | (516 | ) | $ | (341 | ) | $ | (857 | ) | ||
1 | Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments. |
2 | Includes reclassification adjustments related to divestitures of certain available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to these divestitures. |
3 | Refer to Note 12 for additional information related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities. |
Nine Months Ended September 26, 2014 | Before-Tax Amount | Income Tax | After-Tax Amount | ||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: | |||||||||||
Translation adjustment arising during the period | $ | (1,286 | ) | $ | 6 | $ | (1,280 | ) | |||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | — | — | — | ||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (1,286 | ) | 6 | (1,280 | ) | ||||||
Derivatives: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 194 | (73 | ) | 121 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (37 | ) | 14 | (23 | ) | ||||||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives1 | 157 | (59 | ) | 98 | |||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 1,145 | (415 | ) | 730 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (9 | ) | 2 | (7 | ) | ||||||
Net change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities2 | 1,136 | (413 | ) | 723 | |||||||
Pension and other benefit liabilities: | |||||||||||
Net pension and other benefits arising during the period | 27 | (6 | ) | 21 | |||||||
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | 43 | (16 | ) | 27 | |||||||
Net change in pension and other benefit liabilities3 | 70 | (22 | ) | 48 | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Coca-Cola Company | $ | 77 | $ | (488 | ) | $ | (411 | ) | |||
1 | Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the net gain or loss on derivative instruments designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments. |
2 | Includes reclassification adjustments related to divestitures of certain available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 3 for additional information related to these divestitures. |
3 | Refer to Note 12 for additional information related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities. |
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The following table presents the amounts and line items in our condensed consolidated statement of income where adjustments reclassified from AOCI into income were recorded during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015 (in millions):
Amount Reclassified from AOCI into Income | ||||||||
Description of AOCI Component | Financial Statement Line Item | Three Months Ended October 2, 2015 | Nine Months Ended October 2, 2015 | |||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments: | ||||||||
Divestitures, deconsolidations and other | Other income (loss) — net | $ | — | $ | 63 | |||
Income before income taxes | — | 63 | ||||||
Income taxes | — | (14 | ) | |||||
Consolidated net income | $ | — | $ | 49 | ||||
Derivatives: | ||||||||
Foreign currency contracts | Net operating revenues | $ | (170 | ) | $ | (468 | ) | |
Foreign currency and commodity contracts | Cost of goods sold | (15 | ) | (42 | ) | |||
Foreign currency contracts | Interest expense | 3 | 7 | |||||
Interest rate contracts | Interest expense | (1 | ) | 2 | ||||
Income before income taxes | (183 | ) | (501 | ) | ||||
Income taxes | 68 | 189 | ||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | (115 | ) | $ | (312 | ) | ||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||
Sale of securities | Other income (loss) — net | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (58 | ) | |
Income before income taxes | (29 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||
Income taxes | 14 | 22 | ||||||
Consolidated net income | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (36 | ) | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities: | ||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial loss | * | $ | 53 | $ | 157 | |||
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | * | (6 | ) | (15 | ) | |||
Income before income taxes | 47 | 142 | ||||||
Income taxes | (17 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||
Consolidated net income | $ | 30 | $ | 91 | ||||
* | This component of AOCI is included in the Company's computation of net periodic benefit cost and is not reclassified out of AOCI into a single line item in our condensed consolidated statements of income in its entirety. Refer to Note 12 for additional information. |
NOTE 9: CHANGES IN EQUITY
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending carrying amounts of total equity, equity attributable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests (in millions):
Shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Reinvested Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Common Stock | Capital Surplus | Treasury Stock | Non- controlling Interests | |||||||||||||||
December 31, 2014 | $ | 30,561 | $ | 63,408 | $ | (5,777 | ) | $ | 1,760 | $ | 13,154 | $ | (42,225 | ) | $ | 241 | |||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | 1,079 | 6,114 | (5,036 | ) | — | — | — | 1 | |||||||||||||
Dividends paid/payable to shareowners of The Coca-Cola Company | (4,313 | ) | (4,313 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (27 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (27 | ) | ||||||||||||
Business combinations including purchase accounting adjustments | (3 | ) | — | — | — | — | — | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||
Purchases of treasury stock | (1,997 | ) | — | — | — | — | (1,997 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
Impact related to stock compensation plans | 961 | — | — | — | 561 | 400 | — | ||||||||||||||
Other activities | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | $ | 26,267 | $ | 65,209 | $ | (10,813 | ) | $ | 1,760 | $ | 13,715 | $ | (43,822 | ) | $ | 218 | |||||
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NOTE 10: SIGNIFICANT OPERATING AND NONOPERATING ITEMS
Other Operating Charges
During the three months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded other operating charges of $264 million. These charges included $141 million due to the Company's productivity and reinvestment program and $75 million due to the integration of our German bottling operations. In addition, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $38 million on one of the trademarks included in the glacéau portfolio, primarily as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations that impacted the fair value of the asset. The remaining carrying value of the trademark included in the glacéau portfolio as of October 2, 2015 was $2.6 billion, which is equal to its fair value. If the future operating results of this trademark do not support the current financial projections or if macroeconomic conditions change causing the cost of capital and/or discount rate to increase without an offsetting increase in the operating results, it is likely that we would be required to recognize an additional impairment charge related to this trademark. In addition, the Company recorded a $3 million impairment charge on a Venezuelan trademark. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Company's productivity, integration and restructuring initiatives. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments.
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded other operating charges of $1,166 million. These charges consisted of $323 million due to the Company's productivity and reinvestment program and $204 million due to the integration of our German bottling operations. In addition, the Company recorded impairment charges of $418 million primarily due to the discontinuation of the energy products in the glacéau portfolio as a result of the Monster Transaction and incurred a charge of $100 million due to a cash contribution we made to The Coca-Cola Foundation. The Company also incurred a charge of $111 million due to the write-down of receivables from our bottling partner in Venezuela and an impairment of a Venezuelan trademark primarily due to changes in exchange rates as a result of the establishment of the new open market exchange system. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Company's productivity, integration and restructuring initiatives. Refer to Note 2 for additional information on the Monster Transaction. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on the Venezuelan currency change. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments.
During the three months ended September 26, 2014, the Company incurred other operating charges of $128 million. These charges primarily consisted of $84 million due to the Company's productivity and reinvestment program and $34 million due to the integration of our German bottling operations. The Company also recorded a loss of $2 million as a result of the restructuring and transition of the Company's Russian juice operations to an existing joint venture with an unconsolidated bottling partner. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Company's productivity, integration and restructuring initiatives. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments.
During the nine months ended September 26, 2014, the Company incurred other operating charges of $457 million. These charges consisted of $259 million due to the Company's productivity and reinvestment program and $142 million due to the integration of our German bottling operations. The Company also recorded a loss of $27 million as a result of the restructuring and transition of the Company's Russian juice operations to an existing joint venture with an unconsolidated bottling partner. In addition, a charge of $21 million was incurred due to the write-down of receivables from our bottling partner in Venezuela as a result of limited government-approved exchange rate conversion mechanisms. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Company's productivity, integration and restructuring initiatives. Refer to Note 1 for additional information on the Venezuelan currency conversion mechanisms. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments.
Other Nonoperating Items
Interest Expense
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded charges of $320 million due to the early extinguishment of certain long-term debt. These charges included the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt extinguished, including the impact of the related fair value hedging relationship. Refer to Note 6 for additional information and Note 15 for the impact this charge had on our operating segments.
Equity Income (Loss) — Net
During the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded a net gain of $3 million and a net charge of$79 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 26, 2014, the Company recorded net charges of $8 million and $41 million, respectively. These amounts represent the Company's proportionate share of unusual or infrequent items recorded by certain of our equity method investees, including charges incurred by an equity method investee due to changes in the Venezuelan bolivar exchange rates. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these items had on our operating segments.
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Other Income (Loss) — Net
During the three months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded charges of $815 million primarily due to the refranchising of certain territories in North America. Refer to Note 2 for additional information on the North America refranchising. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these items had on our operating segments.
During the nine months ended October 2, 2015, the Company recorded a net gain of $1,402 million as a result of the Monster Transaction and charges of $848 million primarily due to the refranchising of certain territories in North America. In addition, the Company incurred charges of $19 million as a result of the remeasurement of our previously held equity interest in a South African bottler to fair value upon our acquisition of the bottling operations and $6 million as a result of a Brazilian bottling entity's majority interest owners exercising their option to acquire from us an additional equity interest at an exercise price less than that of our carrying value. The Company recognized a foreign currency exchange gain of $277 million associated with our euro-denominated debt partially offset by a charge of $27 million due to the remeasurement of the net monetary assets of our Venezuelan subsidiary using the SIMADI exchange rate. Refer to Note 2 for additional information related to the Monster Transaction, North America refranchising, the acquisition of the South African bottler and the sale of a portion of our interest in the Brazilian bottling entity. Refer to Note 1 for additional information related to the charge due to the remeasurement in Venezuela. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these items had on our operating segments.
During the three months ended September 26, 2014, the Company recorded a charge of $270 million primarily related to the refranchising of certain territories in North America. Refer to Note 2 for additional information related to this charge and Note 15 for the impact this charge had on our operating segments.
During the nine months ended September 26, 2014, the Company recorded a charge of $410 million primarily related to the refranchising of certain territories in North America. The Company also incurred a charge of $226 million due to the expansion of the Venezuelan government's currency conversion markets. Refer to Note 2 for additional information related to the North America refranchising, Note 1 for additional information related to the change in Venezuelan exchange rates and Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments.
NOTE 11: PRODUCTIVITY, INTEGRATION AND RESTRUCTURING INITIATIVES
Productivity and Reinvestment
In February 2012, the Company announced a four-year productivity and reinvestment program designed to further enable our efforts to strengthen our brands and reinvest our resources to drive long-term profitable growth. This program is focused on the following initiatives: global supply chain optimization; global marketing and innovation effectiveness; operating expense leverage and operational excellence; data and information technology systems standardization; and the integration of Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc.'s former North America business.
In February 2014, the Company announced the expansion of our productivity and reinvestment program to drive incremental productivity by 2016 that will primarily be redirected into increased media investments. Our incremental productivity goal consists of two relatively equal components. First, we will expand savings through global supply chain optimization, data and information technology systems standardization, and resource and cost reallocation. Second, we will increase the effectiveness of our marketing investments by transforming our marketing and commercial model to redeploy resources into more consumer-facing marketing investments to accelerate growth.
In October 2014, the Company announced that we are further expanding our productivity and reinvestment program and extending it through 2019. The expansion of the productivity initiatives will focus on four key areas: restructuring the Company's global supply chain, including manufacturing in North America; implementing zero-based work, an evolution of zero-based budget principles, across the organization; streamlining and simplifying the Company's operating model; and further driving increased discipline and efficiency in direct marketing investments.
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The Company has incurred total pretax expenses of $1,688 million related to this program since it commenced. These expenses were recorded in the line item other operating charges in our condensed consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 15 for the impact these charges had on our operating segments. Outside services reported in the table below are primarily related to expenses in connection with legal, outplacement and consulting activities. Other direct costs reported in the table below include, among other items, internal and external costs associated with the development, communication, administration and implementation of these initiatives; accelerated depreciation on certain fixed assets; losses on disposal of certain assets; contract termination fees; and relocation costs.
The following table summarizes the balance of accrued expenses related to these productivity and reinvestment initiatives and the changes in the accrued amounts as of and for the three months ended October 2, 2015 (in millions):
Accrued Balance July 3, 2015 | Costs Incurred Three Months Ended October 2, 2015 | Payments | Noncash and Exchange | Accrued Balance October 2, 2015 | |||||||||||
Severance pay and benefits | $ | 165 | $ | 28 | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | 134 | |||
Outside services | 7 | 15 | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | 9 | ||||||||
Other direct costs | 13 | 98 | (93 | ) | 1 | 19 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 185 | $ | 141 | $ | (131 | ) | $ | (33 | ) | $ | 162 | |||
The following table summarizes the balance of accrued expenses related to these productivity and reinvestment initiatives and the changes in the accrued amounts as of and for the nine months ended October 2, 2015 (in millions):
Accrued Balance December 31, 2014 | Costs Incurred Nine Months Ended October 2, 2015 | Payments | Noncash and Exchange | Accrued Balance October 2, 2015 | |||||||||||
Severance pay and benefits | $ | 260 | $ | 62 | $ | (159 | ) | $ | (29 | ) | $ | 134 | |||
Outside services | 4 | 43 | (35 | ) | (3 | ) | 9 | ||||||||
Other direct costs | 21 | 218 | (183 | ) | (37 | ) | 19 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 285 | $ | 323 | $ | (377 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | 162 | |||
Integration of Our German Bottling Operations
In 2008, the Company began an integration initiative related to the 18 German bottling operations acquired in 2007. The Company incurred expenses of $75 million and $204 million related to this initiative during the three and nine months ended October 2, 2015, and has incurred total pretax expenses of $1,039 million related to this initiative since it commenced. These charges were recorded in the line item other operating charges in our condensed consolidated statements of income and impacted the Bottling Investments operating segment. The expenses recorded in connection with these integration activities have been primarily due to involuntary terminations. The Company had $144 million and $101 million accrued related to these integration costs as of October 2, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. We are currently reviewing additional restructuring opportunities within the German bottling operations, which if implemented will result in additional charges in future periods. Our German bottling operations are now classified as held for sale. Refer to Note 2.
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NOTE 12: PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Net periodic benefit cost for our pension and other postretirement benefit plans consisted of the following (in millions):
Pension Benefits | Other Benefits | ||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||
October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | October 2, 2015 | September 26, 2014 | ||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 66 | $ | 62 | $ | 7 | $ | 7 | |||||
Interest cost | 95 | 101 | 9 | 11 | |||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (176 | ) | (179 | ) | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | (1 | ) | — | ||||||||||